• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2015

In many very high density cities in Asia in which there is limited area to expand, growth is forced upward as well as outward. Densely packed detached houses and low-rise buildings are replaced by lower density high-rises, leaving open spaces between high-rise buildings. Through this process, areas that formerly did not have much green space gain valuable green spaces, and new ecological corridors and patches are created. In this study, the demographic and housing-type changes of Wonju City were delineated using land use maps, aerial images, census data, and other administrative data. Green area changes were calculated using land cover data derived from multi-year Landsat TM satellite imagery. The values were then compared against demographic and housing-type changes for each administrative unit. The overall results showed a decrease of forested area in the city and an increase of developed area. Urban sprawl was clearly visible in many of the suburban areas. However, as expected, we also detected areas in which greenness did not decrease when the population greatly increased. These areas were characterized by residential building complexes of ten or more stories. If an equal number of housing units had been built as detached houses, these areas would not have kept as much green space. Our research result showed that high-density and high-rise residential structures can offer an alternative means to protect or create urban green spaces in high-density urban environments.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analysis the concept of location efficiency, a base for the qualitative evaluation of TOD, and to propose the method of urban design for the improvement of location efficiency. Because of the environmental crisis by urbanization, sprawl and global warming, the importance of the solution through TOD has been increasing. For the future development of TOD, it becomes important to evaluate TOD qualitatively. From the study, it is grasped that location efficiency contains the concepts of value recapture, QoL and choice, financial return, and efficient regional land use and patterns. And the method of urban design for location efficiency is proposed as the followings: Form Based Zoning as land use plan, TOD and TOC model as node function, and street systems, mixed-use development, characteristic housing with various types, and networking of neighborhood facilities as place function.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2014

In the present circumstance of exploring measures for sustainable development, finding and using planning elements of historical city is getting important as a urban planning tool. Thus this study aims to examine the characters of Korean traditional urban form through three periods, Josun, modern and contemporary eras. Three urban centers representing different characteristics were selected; historical center based on 14th century's traditional planning, modern period urban center, which is related with development of railway, and contemporary urban center of late 20th century. Analyse of urban tissue, composed with form and scale of street network, blocks and plots, shows that each urban center of Seoul has certain common attributes in terms of morphology in spite of the difference of formation and development period. However this historical urban forms are rarely applicated in the current urban planning, such as new-town planning or district unit plan. This shows the necessity of modification of urban regulation for preserving the identity of our city and pursuing sustainable development.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to find what architectural restoration and street-scaping conservation of early settlement in Virginia, which have processed on the style of 18th centuries. One of the settlements in Virginia was Williamsburg that located in the high land between Jamestown and Yorktown. In 1698, the capital of Virginia was moved from Jamestown for the safer environment. At that time they constructed the town like a small urban that had a straight-lined Duke Glocester Street, Georgian style buildings, and landscapes of 18th centuries. Before 1928 the village was flown into ruins, but Rector of the church, Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin, understood the value of reservation to restore the village as colonial architectural style that has an original figure. John Rockefeller Jr. has taken part in his restoration of colonial style of architecture and culture. This paper surveyed nine cases of buildings and srtreet-scape on Duke Glocester Street. Most of the buildings on the street have a proposition, balance, and equipment of Georgian architectural facade in 18th centuries. The conclusion has three points. First, the Williamsburg has been reserved as an early colonial settlement through the restoration of architecture and street-scape design. Second, main architectural style is a Georgian form that has a balance, proportion, and simplicity of facade. Also new buildings and additions of architecture have to keep 'Design Review Guideline of Colonial Williamsburg' in order to contribute the existing colonial buildings. Third, the main street-scape, Duke Glocester Street shows Georgian architecture and cultural life pattern with tradition.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2007

We study, in this paper, on the decorative design of the Treasure-architectural form for the Silla Buddhist reliquary and this research went through the observation on the Buddhist Reliquaries of the Song-Lim-Sa, the Eastern-Western three floor pagodas in the Kam-Eun-Sa, the three floor pagodas in the Bul-Guk-Sa and the reportedly discovered Nam-Won. The Buddhist reliquaries of these 5 Reliquaries, when compared with those of China and Japan in the same period, they worshiped the Buddhist reliquary as a Buddhist God itself and put them as a part of the architectural decoration, being installed in the construction forms. In the form and the composition of the architecture, we can see those having been designed with very detailed and brightly decorated form. The Buddhist reliquaries in the Song-Lim-Sa and Kam-Eun-Sa, the most important ones in this research, were in a royal palace shape having completely the altar part, interior space part, and the ceiling part, which inform us the whole structure of the architecture in details. In particular, for the case of Kam-Eun-Sa, the columns in the shape of bamboo trees, the expression of the gates, the terrace of double parts formed of word-shape Man, and the statue of a general with superhuman ability in the shrine explain us the description of the Gyun-Bo-Tap-Pum of Lotus Sutra. After all these researches, we conclude that the Buddhist reliquaries in form of the Treasure-architecture represented the architectural style of the same period as a form of industrial arts and we can see that they tried to use all of their highly skilled and talented methods to describe the Buddhist Pure Land.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.92-103
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• 2004

This design was submitted to an invited competition for the Ski Resort of Kangwon Land which was held by Kangwon Land Resort in August, 2003. The site is located at 1∼17 Gohan-ri Gohan-eup Jungsungun Kangwon-do and has an area of 5,000,000$m^2$. The objectives of this project were to revitalize the local economy of Sabuk, Gohan which is well Down for deserted coal mines, by creating a resort complex for family group users with an environmentally friendly ski facility. This design scheme addresses three areas of concerns: First, how to boost the local economy through the proposed ski resort. By limiting lodging facilities in the ski resort, we could induce more development in the nearby towns. In order to balance the economical benefit to towns of Sabuk and Gohan, we decided to have two separate ski base facilities in each town boundary. Second, how to encourage family-oriented use of the ski resort by designing user-friendly ski slope, especially for beginner skiers. We designed 50% more beginner-level ski slope compared to average ski resorts. Third, how to make environmentally-friendly ski resort by respecting the original land form. We minimized the damage to the natural environment by protecting valuable tree groves. Also, ski slopes are designed to reduce unnecessary earth movement. This was designed under the assumption that more valley-oriented slopes would result in less cutting and banking of earthwork； this assumption was verified in comparison with other ski resorts. It is expected that this desist would serve environmentally-friendly designs in ski slopes.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

There are still a number of "olles" existing with traditional alley characteristics in the inner city of Jeju. As a matter of fact, the renovation of old buildings and the protection of alley space are facing a dilemma due to the existence of less than 4m-width-roads in the area of "Mu-geun-sung". This study examines the current status of alley space in "Mu-geun-sung" area; and puts forward to the potential possibility and limitation of alley space regeneration via exploring the applicable scheme of building agreement. In the field survey, a number of regions in inner city of Jeju witnesses the existing majority of invaluable, conventional olles. So as to grasp the feasibility in "Mu-geun-sung" area, we designs a simulating experiment to carry out the Building Agreement; and compares with the current development model in this area. Building Agreement implies to establish gradually a separation of land ownership under the existing unified development of landowners and users, thus to explore a variety of land exploitation systems by separating land ownership and right to use land. As a result, the deterioration of the street landscape results from the increase of building storey numbers. The damages to the surrounding environment brought by the newly built buildings will be minimized as well as keeping the maximum building volume rate. Obviously, these measures will alleviate infringement to the traditional residential sunlight and privacy space effectively, and reduce the pressure from high-rise buildings to the alley space, so that the landscape of the alley will enhance to form a more comfortable alley environment.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of Hidden gates form with the times. Fortresses position is constructed on the Korea mountain ranges. Hidden gate, one of facilities to construct fortress among various factors, represents as route of supplies way, ask for rescue, or counterattack plan to come in. The shape of hidden gate changes depend on land form, function, and time period. Previous research partially based on archeology or history. This research analyze Namhan mountain Namhansansung, one of the highest hidden gates count in Korea, distributive by main fortress, Bong-am fortress, Hanbong fortress. Nahhan Mountain fortress repeatedly affected by King Injo in Joseon Dynasty. As a result, Nahhan Mountain fortress consist of hidden gates alternation depend on the time of establishment or extension which makes different shape or size.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 1994

There are lots of forests around the Korean rural village. This study was conducted to investigate the state of the forests by the 15 forests case study of the Kamgok region in Chon-guk-Do province, Korea. The results are as follows. 1. The forests lose mostly original form by the construction of road and forest clearing for the land development business. And almostly the form of the forests is a trapezoid or roundness. 2. The forests were remained on account of the Korean cemetery customs which is burying underground. 3. The conservation of the forests becomes more difficult because of the continuous development pressure. 4. Because the scale of the forests is so small, they aren't named as the natural resort forest by the forest law. So it will be the better alternative that they are conserved and used by inducing the concept of the village resort forest. 5. Because the owenership of the forests exists in a person or a family, the forests will be destructed continuously by the cemetery development. 6. The vegetation of the upper trees in the forests is the simple forests of Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida and bamboo. The height of upper tree is average 10-12m. And average root diameter is 13-29cm. The age of the tree is average 50 years old. The state of the forests is mostly fine. 7. It is clarified that the price of the forest land is 3-5 times expensive than the other cultivated land. 8. The forests were made by the forefathers for the purpose of the practical use and were reforested in the era 1960s, 1970s.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2004

The Yatomi - Aioiyama line is a city-planning road that was notified in 1957 and subsequently prepared by land readjustments. Currently, approximately 900m of road pass in the inside of the Aioiyama green area has not been constructed. The surveying briefing session for inhabitants was held in July 1992, the project was authorized by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in September 1993, and the project briefing session for inhabitants was held in September 1993. The site purchase has been completed. At the May 2000 briefing session, inhabitants of the area began voicing dissenting demanding the conservation of the natural environment of this green area. The inspector system serves as the third party, independent of both the administration and the inhabitants. Before finalizing the geometric line form of the road to be constructed, some surveys of animals and plants found along the walking trails carried out intensively in the northern area, which is approximately 50 ha, of the Aioiyama green area. The natural environment inspector submitted a plan for changing the geometric line form of the road decided upon by city planning, and it was approved by the city planning council. If the shelter structure or the retaining wall structure is adopted at the location where large slope faces are produced by excavation or landfill, and if the bridge structure is adopted at the place where stream-lines and walking trails intersect, it leads to a reduction of approximately $40\%$ in the areas for which change is planned. Furthermore, approximately $20\%$ of the area to be changed is restored by returning soil to the roof of the shelter.