• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.75-87
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• 2005

Remote sensing(RS)- and geographic information system(GIS)-based information management to measure and assess agri-environment schemes, and to quantify and map environment indicators for nature and land use, climate change, air, water and energy balance, waste and material flow is in high demand because it is very helpful in assisting decision making activities of farmers, government, researchers, and consumers. The versatility and ability of RS and GIS containing huge soil database to assess agricultural environment spatially and temporally at various spatial scales were investigated. Spectral and microwave observations were carried out to characterize crop variables and soil properties. Multiple sources RS data from ground sensors, airborne sensors, and also satellite sensors were collected and analyzed to extract features and land cover/use for soils, crops, and vegetation for support precision agriculture, soil/land suitability, soil property estimation, crop growth estimation, runoff potential estimation, irrigated and the estimation of flooded areas in paddy rice fields. RS and GIS play essential roles in a management and monitoring information system. Biosphere-atmosphere interection should also be further studied to improve synergistic modeling for environment and sustainability in agri-environment schemes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.278-287
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• 1998

The halophytes are considered less important in our field, as the land reclamation executed continuously by public or individual. So this research is to use plants more active on the reclaimed land and to verify their utility in the aspect of the landscape planning, design and complementaton. This research is performed at the construction site of Incheon International Airport in Youngjong-do located in West-sea of Korea. Following proposals are the major conclusions drawn from the research:1. The halophytes to be used in the vicinity of the water reservoir in orer to improve the ground for the introduction of new plants and prevent the water contaminatioin. 2. The halophytes to be used as a gound-cover which protects major structures nearby from being damaged by the salt content in the air. 3. Thd halophytes to be used as a unique and panoramic landscape element. They have various colors which change throughout a year. 4. Thd halophytes to be considered as a outdoor recreation resource. The halophytes planted area may be utilized as picnic area, outdoor event plaza, ball game ground, rough in the golf cource and etc. Additional usage of the land include the future rearch site for sea fronted ecological studies and pasture for cows and other livestock.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.352-363
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• 1999

It has been rare to obtain reliable information related to the size of forest land in North Korea. Several sources of forest statistics, ranging from the first map of forest distribution in Korean Peninsula produced in 1910 to official data reported by the North Korea Government in 1997, were gathered and analyzed to define the characteristics of forest cover changes over years. In addition, Landsat satellite data obtained from 1973 to 1993 were processed for the two study areas of the provinces of Pyungyang and Heasan, where the topography and land use pattern are significantly different each other. Using three sets of multitemporal Landsat imagery, land cover ma-ps were produced by computer classification. Although forest statistics reported before 1990 are somewhat inconsistent, they mere gradually decreasing over years. The estimates of 1991 satellite data and the recent statistics reported in 1998 shows very steep decline in forest lands as compared to the ones before 1990. The abrupt decrease of forest lands after 1990 was also found on the detailed analysis of Landsat data for the two study areas of Pyungyang and Heasan. The rapid decline of forest lands may have something to do with the poor economic situation of the country and the continuing natural disasters of severe flooding and drought. Unstocked forest, which was not classified into forest land, was a very distinct and pervasive land cover type that can be easily observed on satellite imagery. Since unstocked forest land in North Korea may be a critical factor for degrading environmental quality as well as for the continuing natural disasters, further analysis is necessary to define the exact extent and the physical characteristics of the cover type.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Global warming causes sea levels to rise and global changes apparently taking place including coastline changes. Coastline change due to sea level rise is also one of the most significant phenomena affected by global climate change. Accordingly, Coastline change detection can be utilized as an indicator of representing global climate change. Generally, Coastline change has happened mainly because of not only sea level rise but also artificial factor that is reclaimed land development by mud flat reclamation. However, Arctic coastal areas have been experienced serious change mostly due to sea level rise rather than other factors. The purposes of this study are automatic extraction of coastline and identifying change. In this study, in order to extract coastline automatically, contrast of the water and the land was maximized utilizing modified NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index) and it made automatic extraction of coastline possibile. The imagery converted into modified NDWI were applied image processing techniques in order that appropriate threshold value can be found automatically to separate the water and land. Then the coastline was extracted through edge detection algorithm and changes were detected using extracted coastlines. Without the help of other data, automatic extraction of coastlines using LANDSAT was possible and similarity was found by comparing NLCD data as a reference data. Also, the results of the study area that is permafrost always frozen below $0^{\circ}C$ showed quantitative changes of the coastline and verified that the change was accelerated.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to select appropriate sites for reforestation CDM using satellite image and spatial data in North Korea. A suitable site for reforestation CDM can be defined as non-forest area since 1990. To detect land cover change between two different years and to delineate potential reforestation CDM site(unstocked forest, converted crop land, denuded bare land), Landsat TM satellite image which was scanned in 1988 and SPOT Pan-sharpened image which was scanned in 2007 were used. As a result of classification, 1,214 ha of forest area in 1989 had been converted to other land cover types in 2007. and 2,245 ha of the total study area was detected to be suitable for reforestation CDM. 79.2% of total potential CDM sites was converted crop land. Through topography and accessibility analysis for potential reforestation CDM sites detected by satellite image, suitability index was calculated and the potential reforestation area was reclassified into suitability grades.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2022

Increasing carbon and PM_2.5 concentrations have been emerging as serious environmental issues worldwide. The purpose of this study was to quantify carbon and PM_2.5 reduction by urban parks in Gangneung, Korea. A total of 35 parks were sampled by applying a random sampling method to survey tree planting structures and the areal distribution of land cover types of urban parks. These survey data and the Green Evaluation Technique (GET) computer program were used to estimate carbon and PM_2.5 reduction by trees. Mean tree density and cover in the study parks were 3.5±0.2 tree/100 m² and 44.5±3.0%, respectively. Annual carbon uptake and PM_2.5 deposition per unit area by trees averaged 2.8±0.2 t/ha/yr and 30.2±2.8 kg/ha/yr. Gangneung's urban parks annually offset the carbon emissions by 3.4% and the PM_2.5 emissions by 3.5%. Thus, urban parks played a significant role in reducing atmospheric carbon and PM_2.5 concentrations. Total annual carbon uptake and PM_2.5 deposition of urban parks in Gangneung were about 1,338.2 t/yr and 14,433.2 kg/yr. This study is expected to contribute to raising awareness of the role and importance of urban parks regarding carbon and PM_2.5 reduction.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.549-559
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• 2021

The Arctic Circle's huge amounts of fossil fuels and mineral resources are being developed and subjected to active construction projects. Global efforts are continuing to actively respond to climate change, but the dependence on fossil fuels remains high. This study reports a preliminary survey conducted in Alberta, Canada, where oil sand resources are actively developed. A land cover map was prepared using satellite imagery to reduce the cost and time of surveying a wide area. Results likely useful to resource development projects such as ground surface temperature and snow cover distribution were derived by using the obtained image classification results. It is expected that the results of the present research and analysis will be used to establish strategies for the successful promotion and operation of projects to develop resources in the Arctic.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2016

In this study we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution and preferred habitat type of the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) based on the 3rd National Ecosystem Survey. Kentish plovers were observed in 97 maps out of a total 842 maps (11.8%) between 2006 and 2012, mainly along the western and southern coasts of Korea. They were also observed in the eastern coast of Korea, inland rivers (Han, Geum, Nakdong, Seomjin, and Yongsan River), the western and eastern coast of Jeju island, and Daecheong Island in the Yellow Sea. The observations were mainly made during the spring breeding season and migration seasons in spring and autumn. The occurrence of kentish plovers was positively influenced by the area of water and wetland according to the middle classification level of land cover type analysis and the area of coastal wetlands in the detailed classification level of land cover types. Most (90%) of the kentish plovers recorded maps had coastal wetlands. Kentish plovers were known to be susceptible to change of habitat. As the occurrence of kentish plovers could be associated with the habitat-change of coastal wetlands and it is possible to estimate the number of individuals, it is recommended that kentish plovers be used as a bioindicator species for the ecological assessment of ecosystem in intertidal zones.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 2001

Since remotely sensed images of coastal wetlands are very sensitive to spatial resolution, it is very important to select an optimum resolution for particular geographic phenomena needed to be represented. Scale is one of the most important factors in spatial analysis techniques, which is defined as a spatial and temporal interval for a measurement or observation and is determined by the spatial extent of study area or the measurement unit. In order to acquire the optimum scale for a particular subject (i.e., coastal wetlands), measuring and representing the characteristics of attribute information extracted from the remotely sensed images are required. This study aims to explore and analyze the scale effects of attribute information extracted from remotely sensed coastal wetlands images. Specifically, it is focused on identifying the effects of scale in response to spatial resolution changes and suggesting a methodology for exploring the optimum spatial resolution. The LANDSAT TM image of Sunchon Bay was classified by a supervised classification method, Six land cover types were classified and the Kappa index for this classification was 84.6%. In order to explore the effects of scale in the classification procedure, a set of images that have different spatial resolutions were created by a aggregation method. Coarser images were created with the original image by averaging the DN values of neighboring pixels. Sixteen images whose resolution range from 30 m to 480 m were generated and classified to obtain land cover information using the same training set applied to the initial classification. The values of Kappa index show a distinctive pattern according to the spatial resolution change. Up to 120m, the values of Kappa index changed little, but Kappa index decreased dramatically at the 150m. However, at the resolution of 240 m and 270m, the classification accuracy was increased. From this observation, the optimum resolution for the study area would be either at 240m or 270m with respect to the classification accuracy and the best quality of attribute information can be obtained from these resolutions. Procedures and methodologies developed from this study would be applied to similar kinds and be used as a methodology of identifying and defining an optimum spatial resolution for a given problem.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.897-901
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to conduct land cover classification respectively using Landsat TM data collected on Oct., 1985 and KOMPSAT-1 EOC data collected on Jan., 2000 covering Gumi city, Gyeongbuk Province and to detect urban change by comparing between both land cover maps. Multispectral images of Landsat TM have spatial resolution of 30m are well known as useful data for extracting information related to landcover, vegetation classification, urban growth analysis and so forth. In contrast, as KOMPSAT-1 EOC collects panchromatic images with relatively high spatial resolution of 6.6m. We try to analyze how accurate landcover classification result is able to be derived from the panchromatic images. As the results of the study, the KOMPSAT EOC data with high resolution greater than 4 times showed higher classification degree than Landsat TM data. It was ascertained that the built-up region was extended by three to four times in the last 15 years between 1985 and 2000. In the contrast, it was shown that the forest region was decreased by 15% to 27% and the grass region including agricultural region was decreased by 28% to 45%.