• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.19-37
• /
• 2013

From the perspective of labor welfare, forty-hour-a-week working system:(FWS) has been an important goal throughout world, and in fact, advanced countries implemented this a long time ago. However, there are differences in opinions concerning FWS; some people emphasizes the improvement in life quality, while others point out that this measure increases the cost of wages and has limited effectiveness. Thus, discussions about the success of FWS have emerged from diverse perspectives; One thing that should be made clear before debating FWS is that reducing laborers' working hours is already a global trend, and Korea, also intends to extend it. Therefore, in order to maximize the benefits resulting from the execution of the system and to identify measures that can be used to solve the problems related to FWS, it is necessary to consider actual laborers' use of leisure resources and whether they have increased or decreased as a result of FWS. It is also necessary to look at the differences in workers' leisure activity with and without the system. To evaluate and diagnose FWS's political effect from the perspective of laborers' leisure satisfaction and improvements in life quality, this study examines differences in leisure expenses, leisure hours, use of and demand for leisure resources such as leisure space, and types of leisure activity, according to the execution of FWS, This research is based on the "2012 Survey on National Leisure Activity" conducted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. In addition, through analysis of the differences in leisure satisfaction and happiness levels, the study intends to confirm the necessity of executing FWS and ensuring that the system is in use. The study results can be briefly summed up as followa:: First, regarding the general findings of the study, a significant result was shown in terms of the execution of FWS according to income level. The finding that the execution of FWS works differently according to the working environment or life quality reassures us of the common notion in society that working environment or life quality may differ in relation to social characteristics. The utility of weekday leisure hours did not indicate a statistically significant difference, but in terms of weekend leisure hours, laborers practicing FWS had an additional 30 minutes of leisure time than those who did not. Furthermore, regarding leisure expenses, laborers practicing FWS indicated more monthly average leisure expenses or expected leisure expenses. In relation to leisure activity, those working at a company executing FWS engaged in culture and art activities more frequently than those working at the companies that did not. On the other hand, those working at companies without FWS indicated more hobbies, amusement activities, rest, and other activities than those working at the companies with FWS. In terms of vacation experience, those working at companies with FWS had more vacation time than those working at companies without it; on average, they had longer vacations by 1.64 days. Regarding their leisure life satisfaction and happiness level, those working at companies with FWS indicated higher satisfaction and greater happiness than those working at companies without it. The findings mentioned above represent the preliminary results of this paper, and the remainder of the research will provide more detailed analysis results and suggestions corresponding to them.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.383-396
• /
• 2016

The most direct influence on the development of Yoseba Kotobuki was the end of World War II. As city rebuilding projects began vibrantly overlapping, the vitalization in Kotobuki was adopted by the laborers coming in from various parts throughout of the country. Just as the period of economic revival from the special demand created by the Korean War got underway, the aftermath of the worldwide economic recession due to the oil crisis had a direct effect on even the labor market. Moreover, as the vitality of the labor market gradually fizzled out from the long-term economic recession caused by the burst of the economic bubble, the labor base that had once been the pillar of the Japanese economy began to age and could no longer perform this role. As these aging laborers came to receive public assistance, the doya managers began repairing the doya and Kotobuki began to change again. The historical times which affected the changes in Yoseba Kotobuki's locality are in the lives of its members--the laborers--and the times themselves, which operate on the micro level; however, in those times, the national and the global time of the nation-state interact and are linked in multiple layers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.257-266
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate asphalt fumes and PAHs exposure among asphalt road paving workers. Methods: Task-based personal air samplings(n=41) were carried out in 3 asphalt road paving construction sites using PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene) filters for asphalt fume and XAD-2 with glass fiber filters for PAHs. The concentration of fumes and PAHs were showed by four different job(paver finisher operator, paving laborer(raker), macadam roller operator and tire roller operator). Results: The geometric mean(GM) concentration of asphalt fumes as benzene soluble aerosol was highest at paving laborers($42.32{\mu}g/m^3$), followed by in order, paver finisher operators($41.57{\mu}g/m^3$), macadam roller operators($31.9{\mu}g/m^3$), and tire roller operators($30.31{\mu}g/m^3$). The GM of total PAHs concentration was highest at paver finisher operators($37.5{\mu}g/m^3$), followed by in order, paving laborers($20.13{\mu}g/m^3$), tire roller operators($8.66{\mu}g/m^3$), and macadam roller operators($6.23{\mu}g/m^3$). The results of the evaluation of 16 compounds of PAHs showed that the concentrations of naphthalene, achenaphthylene, achenaphthene, pyrene, fluorene and benz (a) anthracene was higher than those of other PAHs compounds and as the carcinogenic substances, benzo(a)pyrene, and debenz(a,h) anthracene were detected. The benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration(BaPeq) was $2.81{\mu}g/m^3$ at paver finisher operators, $2.07{\mu}g/m^3$ at paving laborers, $0.41{\mu}g/m^3$ at tire roller operators and $0.22{\mu}g/m^3$ at macadam roller operators. Asphalt road paving workers have higher benzo(a)pyrene equivalent(BaPeq) values even though at lower total PAHs concentration than workers in steel pipe coating and tar industry. Conclusions: Asphalt road paving workers were found to have risk of carcinogen exposure due to higher Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration(BaPeq) than other PAHs exposure occupations. This study confirmed the carcinogenic hazards among asphalt paving workers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 2003

The information drive of the businesses requires new alternatives in that the promotion of business efficiency through information process technologies ends up conflicting with the protection of information human rights on laborers' side. Nevertheless, apathy on information protection has a tendency to be distorted by the efficiency of the businesses. Should the capital and mass media warn economic red lights, political circles with uneasiness would ignore the significance of information protection on the behalf of business efficiency. Therefore, the importance of information protection is considered a smaller interest than that of business efficiency with the infringements of human rights on laborers' side arising. Informatization of the businesses along with the developments of information process technologies has enabled the management to monitor and control the behaviors of laborers. This new problem needs to establish both information protection mechanism and institutional devices to regulate those labor controls. The security of business activity without human rights infringement warrants both basic rights of the public and spirit of the Constitution. The study suggests the establishment and revision of laws suitable to the period of information human rights. On top of that, the establishment of the basic law for information protection of individuals' with the common principle that integrates the related laws and rules on-off line is needed. This will warrant the active participation of labor unions and create specific alternatives for information protection.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.223-233
• /
• 2020

Problems related to wages in the construction industry, which directly affect the livelihood of workers, have caused other problems in maintaining skilled workers, such as decreasing the inflow of new laborers and increasing the outflow of the existing labor force, which has weakened the foundation of industrial production. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to improve the current wage calculation system in order to increase the inflow of new laborers and maintain the existing skilled workers. It is necessary to differentiate the minimum wage in the construction industry, which requires a high intensity of labor, by industry and occupation type. It is also necessary to establish standards for specifically calculating wages, such as holiday work and overtime pay. The standard of the current retirement mutual aid fund needs to be upwardly adjusted at the same time.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Changes of degenerative disc have been analyzed or with the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to assign appropriate meaning, and the relationship between the degenerative changes of the discs and its living function has been evaluated through the living function evaluation scores collected by functional rating index. Methods: in April, 2006, a physical examination was conducted for physical laborers to be employed as on-site laborer in a steel industrial complex located at a region. A month later, these 20 laborers who participated in lumbar vertebra MRI tests have been investigated for one-to-one mobile phone functional rating index test. Excluding 3 of 14 respondents whom scored 0 in functional rating index, the rest of respondents' degenerative disc grade changes shown in MRI and its relationship to living functional rating index have been performed. Results: The Dabbs method of measuring disc height resulted to show significant increase as the disc height changes from L1-2 level to L5-S1 level (p<0.01). However, there was no statistical significance with a relationship between disc height and functional rating index, and disc height average. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging analysis regard on the degree of disc degeneration and its relationship to living functional rating proved to have significant relationship (p<0.05). Conclusion: The degenerative changes monitored by Magnetic Resonance Imaging show significant relationship (p<0.05) to living function. However, this relationship could vary depend upon the characteristics of study population. So, it suggested that the future studies should be performed by considering population's age and job career.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.79-91
• /
• 2009

The government separated and established the industrial safety and health law from the Labor Standard law since 1981 to promote the labor's working environment and to improve the conditions of laborers. The government made a lot of effort to discharge the industrial safety and health law by continuous revision of the law thereafter. it is, however, difficult to establish clear-cut lines of authority and responsibility due to the fact that the substantial application of the industrial safety and health law is adapted by enterprise's autonomous management. There are frequent industrial disasters on the small and medium enterprises which have financial difficulty and it means this causes much more social cost. Finally, for the improvement of laborer's safety, health and working environment in the small and medium enterprises we need to raise the effectiveness of the industrial safety and health law through enhancing a government-office's administration and surveillance with the changing mind of a business proprietor. On this paper, we research on the actual condition of the administration, inspection and regulation of safety and health by means of the industrial safety and health law. Thereafter we analyze how much the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency and vicarious businesses of safety & health management help. we used the survey method to gather data from 380 laborers directly and analysed the data by SPSS v17.0.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.187-201
• /
• 2011

A need for considering effective human resources management, in addition to the social aspect of foreign workers, has been rising as the number of foreign workers increased. This study was designed to figure out effective ways to manage foreign workers. By examining an effect of acculturation and organizational fairness on the organizational commitment of foreign laborers and moderating effects of social support, this study aims to improve their commitment, sense of belonging, and loyalty to the company. The results are as follows. Acculturation and organizational fairness has a positive effect on organizational commitment. To be specific, distribution impartiality has the strongest influence on normative commitment, and interactional justice has an effect on emotional commitment and continuous commitment the most, and a partial effect on the moderating effects of social support. Therefore, to improve productivity of foreign laborers, organizational commitment of foreign workers should be reinforced and to achieve this, acculturation and organizational fairness need to be enhanced, and there should be measures to strengthen social support for them.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 1993

This study was designed to identify the performance of occupational health services of 37 industries located in Kyung in area. The data was collected by a structured questionnaire developed by the Academic society of Community Nursing. This analysis had two factors, one was related to six of the industries, and the other was the actual assignment procedures of the health team members. This study was undertaken from December 4, 1992 to January 21, 1993. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The study group was primarily manufacturing industries which employed 300-1,000 employees. 2. The actual assignment state of occupation health team members with the exception of nurses was not kept to the regulations of the industrial safety health law. 3. The following was the analysis of the performance of occupational health services with two factors: 1). The larger the size of the six industries, the more the performance of health education, health assessment, and health screening. 2) The actual. practice of occupational health team members working environmental measurement, was more frequently performed by a nurse other than health team members together. 4. 1) The subscription rate of the laborers for primary health screening was 94%, and of these 10% had the need of secondary health screening. As a results of the secondary health screening the degrees were 'A' 45%, 'C' 92%, 'R' 21%. Of these degrees 'C', 'R' 4% were follow up cases. 2) 43% of laborers needed special health screening and .of these the subscription rate was 99%. The main item of the special health screening was physical factors. After the special health screening 46% required .follow up, 30% required medical treatment, only reporting 18%, change work 8%, suspension from work place 2%.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.496-507
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was based on social-role theory, and purposes were to investigate (1) how depression and health determinants vary with married and employed women, and (2) what factors contribute to depression according to family cycle. Methods: A stratified convenience sample of 765 married and employed women was recruited during May to August 2010. Study variables of depression, socio-demographic threatening factors, psycho-stimulating factors, and social-role related factors were measured via a structured questionnaire. Results: Prevalence rate for depression was 18.6%, with highest rate (25.4%) from elementary laborers. Greater levels of depression were related to women's occupation, higher life stress, and poorer health; lower social support and vulnerable personality; higher levels of social-role related stress. From multivariate analysis, women with preadolescents were the most vulnerable to depression affected by occupation, life stress, personality, and parenting stress. These factors (except for occupational class) combined with economic status, social support, and housework unfairness were significant for depression in women with adolescents. Conclusion: Depression among married and employed women differs by psycho-stimulating and social role relevant factors in addition to occupational class and family life cycle. Female elementary laborers and women with children need to have the highest prioritization for community mental health programs.