• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

For decades, Vietnam has been concerned about the need to improve human capital to meet the demands of a knowledge-based economy. The analysis of the country's current situation of human resources in terms of structure, quantity, and the quality shows that Vietnam's human resources are under-qualified compared with other countries in Southeast Asia, such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore. This poses significant challenges to the economy because the development of human resources is always an urgent requirement for a new economy with fast growth, like in the Vietnamese economy. To attract foreign investment capital and develop more strongly, human resources in Vietnam must have progressed in both quality and quantity. Therefore, the author conducts this study to find out the factors that directly affect the quality of human resources, thereby evaluating and offering appropriate solutions to improve the quality of current human resources in Vietnam. More specifically, through quantitative analysis and survey with data about 4000 employees in Ho Chi Minh City, the author has discovered that there are four important factors that make the difference in labor quality, which are age, gender, marital status, and education level of the workers.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2006

This study investigates the effects of inward foreign direct investment on local workers' wages by focusing on U.S. manufacturing industries for the period from 1987 to 1992. Contrary to public perception that foreign ownership is positively associated with higher wages, previous studies show mixed results. Since most of the previous studies used industry or firm level average wages, they can not control for the impact of individual characteristics on wages. I use two different approaches to control individual characteristics and to implement estimation in this study: (1) One-step estimation with industry-state level of inward foreign direct investments by using individual level data, and (2) Two-step industry characteristic regression approach. The higher presence of foreign firms is associated with higher local wages after workers' observable characteristics are controlled for in the first approach. This effect, however, disappears once workers' industry affiliations and regions are controlled for in cross-section analysis. In a panel data analysis, I did not find any statistically significant positive association between inward FDI activities and industry wage premiums within industry. Further, inward FDI activities appeared to be negatively associated with worker's industry wage premium for workers with more than high school education.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.285-304
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• 2017

This paper introduces household's decision for schooling and firm's decision for technology-specific training together into the second generation model of endogenous innovation, and analyses how schooling and technology-specific training interact each other, how they respectively affect innovation and economic growth, and also how the portfolio mix of schooling and technology-specific training changes as economy becomes more innovative. Main results are as follows: First, schooling and technology-specific training both have "inverted-U"shape growth effects. Second, schooling investment per labor required for growth maximization is always greater than that for firm profit maximization. Third, the optimal schooling for growth maximization decreases with technology-specific training. Fourth, the schooling effect on technology-specific training is "U"shaped, so that for firm's profit maximization schooling is substitutable for technology-specific training at the relatively lower level of schooling but complementary at its relatively higher level. Fifth, as economy becomes more innovative, the portfolio mix of education changes in favor of schooling.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.95-109
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• 2020

The source of value-added creation in modern times has been transformed from material to man's value-added generating power, and ownership of the means of production has been converted from a particular landlord, capitalist to a person with value-added capacity, and a system of capital participation is needed beyond the profit-sharing system or performance incentive system in which workers of an enterprise participate in simple profits if they significantly increase the added value of the company. It is also necessary to introduce our private stock system as a means of addressing the problem of capital bias and for the stable development of capitalism. The purpose of Employee Stock Ownership Plans is to improve the economic and social status of workers and promote labor-management cooperation by allowing workers to acquire and hold shares of the stock company in which the employee ownership association is established through the employee ownership association, but the reality is that our stock ownership system has failed to achieve its purpose due to insufficient protection against the employee. In terms of welfare, the acquisition of our company shares should include active government support for the welfare of workers' ownership on a social welfare level rather than on the logic of the capital market, and in terms of investment, it would not be appropriate to apply the regulation for investor protection to see workers' acquisition of our company shares as 'investment' in the view of workers' willingness to own shares on the stock market. Therefore, as a way to support and deregulate employee's stock acquisition, 1. Expanding direct support, such as tax support, 2. As employee's stock ownership association is being discussed as a division's nature, it is less effective in terms of various management, not investment, and 3. Those who own stocks with 1% of the company's shares and 300 million won in face value will be classified as major shareholders. As a way to reduce the risk of management of our company owners and cooperative funds, As a measure to reduce the risk of management of our company owners and cooperative funds, only our employee shareholders' association shall manage the fund in a long-term deposit, and even though our employee's stock is managed by the association or company after the end of the deposit period, the management of each employee shall be allowed and In terms of improving the utilization of our company's stock and fund, 1. Employee's stockholders are prohibited from lending during the deposit period, but it is necessary to improve profitability by allowing them to borrow under strict restrictions, 2. It is necessary to make the use of the employee's welfare funds available for the preservation of losses, and to stipulate the redemption obligations of unlisted companies in order to improve the redemption system of our company.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.53-62
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• 2020

The COVID 19 pandemic has led to a new global recession and is still causing a lot of issues because of the delays in the employment of people. This scenario has severe consequences for many countries' labor markets in the world. This problem's complexity and importance requires an integrated method of subjective and objective evaluation rather than intuitive decisions. This research aims to investigate sustainable indexes for assessing the unemployment problem by using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model (MCDM). Grey theory and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (GDEMATEL) are deployed to transform the experts' opinions into quantitative data. The analysis based on 20 crucial criteria is employed to determine the weights of sustainability of unemployment problems. The results revealed that the top ten of determinants are Economic growth, Industrialization, Foreign direct investment, Real GDP per capita, Education level, Trade Openness, Capacity Utilization Rate, Urbanization, Employability skills, Education system expansion, which have the most significant effects on the unemployment rate under COVID 19 impacts. Furthermore, GDEMATEL could effectively assess the sustainable indicators for unemployment problems in "deep and wide" aspects. The study proposes the Grey MCDM model, contributes to the literature, provides future research directions, and helps policymakers and researchers achieve the best solutions to the unemployment problems under "economic shocks."

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.807-826
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• 2015

Generational contracts are specified into public pensions based on generational solidarity. The Korean National Pension has been reformed with a focus on generational equity with a narrow meaning related to contribution rate and benefit level. As a result, the Korean National Pension has only emphasized generational equity and not contributed to generational solidarity. We investigate changes in the content of the generational contract and propose to reconstruct generational contract to contribute to solidarity with a more comprehensive perspective. A new social contract by reformed pension system should not concentrate on narrowed generational equity. It should be reconstructed in the direction of enhancing efficacy and the stability of generational solidarity with an emphasis on social sustainability. Investment into the next generation would be one of many policy measures to decrease conflicts around intergenerational redistribution and improve the financial stability of the public pension by creating population structure and labor market changes.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.33-59
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• 2017

In this paper, we describe the economic model of Becker's demand for child and examine whether the number of children and spending on private education in Korea can be explained by this model. The results show that household income has no significant effect on the number of children but has a significant positive effect on the spending on private education per child. These results suggest that the low fertility rate in Korea may increase the demand of parents for the quality of their children due to the increase of household income. And the higher the household income, the parents' education level and the child's age, the higher the spending on private education per child. These results show that there is a possibility of education and wealth transfer between parents and children through educational investment.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2018

This study focuses on the BIM request for information(RFI) processing performance and quantitatively analyzes the performance of the BIM coordinator and the loss due to the waiting of the project participants. For these purposes, a method to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the BIM coordinator was proposed using a queueing model. For the verification, two projects in which BIM was applied in the construction phase were selected, and the BIM RFI data were collected through the analysis of the BIM monthly report and BIM coordinator work log of each project. In addition, the BIM input personnel, labor cost, and productivity data were collected through interviews with the experts of the case projects. The analysis of the BIM RFI processing performance of the BIM coordinator using the queueing model exhibited on a probabilistic basis that the waiting status of the project participants could vary depending on the preliminary BIM application to the design verification as well as the input number and level of the BIM coordinator personnel. In addition, the loss cost due to the waiting of the project participants was analyzed using the number of BIM RFIs waiting to be processed in the queueing system. Finally, the economic feasibility analysis for the optimal BIM coordinator input was performed considering the loss cost. The results of this study can be used to make decisions about the optimal BIM coordinator input and can provide grounds for the BIM return on investment (ROI) analysis considering the waiting cost of the project participants.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1982

Engineering phase of dairy housing systems has close connection with the milk produc- tivity of dairy cattle, the quality of milk, extension of dairy production systems, labor- saving in management of dairy cattle and the like. Moreover, the rate of investment of dairy housing facilities is of relatively high level, However, there has been almost no research effort for the improvement of engineering aspects of dairy housing systems in Korea. The purpose of this study is to find out general engineering problems and to recomm- end the improvement in dairy housing systems in Korea. Field survey by means of questionaire, direct measurements, taking pictures and sketching was conducted to get necessary information for the study. Kyung-ki Do region was firstly chosen for sampling area since it has included more than half of the number of dairy farms of the whole country. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In overall dairy farm layout, the dwellings of workers were ignored in the light of sanitary environment 2. The layout of stalls in a dairy barn belongs mostly to the type of double-row face-out, which is compatible with the emphasis of manure disposal activities. 3. While the width and length of stalls were sufficiently close to the standard dimension, the width of mangers was much less than the standard dimension. 4. The width and depth of manure gutters and the width of working alleys were much. less than the standard dimension. 5. The mooring equipment was mostly in the classes of chain or rope. The watering equipment was not facilitated independantly except the one cese of using watercup. 6. The bucket milkers with one or two bucket milkers with the capacity of two cattles. each were used as milking equipment in most dairy farms. 7. There were only few milk rooms independently spaced from other space, in which the arrangement of milking equipment was much less than the standard condition. 8. The lounging ground area was averaged to be sufficient for the activity of dairy herd. 9. Silos for silage used during winter consisted of mostly bunker silos, trench silos and underground vertical silos. Ordinary vertical silos were considered for the farmers to be inconvenient for the labor saving. 10. From the view point of heat conservation and moisture removal within the dairy barns, windows were not flexible for the easy ventilation and ceiling part was not adequate for temperatur maintenance. 11. Waste treatment and disposal systems were not provided with most dairy farms, therefore the livestock waste pollution problems would be serious in the near future.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.131-145
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• 2014

Abundance of low-wage labor resources, strategic location connecting East-West Asia and business professionals are fluent in English are strength of Bangladesh. Also the business environment changes in China such as the wage increases and labor regulations enhancement acts as searching for replacement of investment where Bangladesh is considered as substitute. At this point there is a need for research of Bangladesh employees at human resource management level. Therefore this study focus on the research of an important component of human resource management, organizational commitment. This study analysis the Bangladesh employees organizational commitment and its antecedent. This study consider four antecedents, role ambiguity, role conflict, voluntary participation and the work centrality and three organizational commitment, affective organizational commitment, continuous organizational commitment and normative organizational commitment. As results show, role ambiguity and role conflict has a negative influence on affective organizational commitment. And voluntary participation and work centrality give positive influence. Role ambiguity showed a negative effect on continuous organizational commitment, however role conflict show positive effect. Voluntary participation and work centrality showed positive effect on normative organizational commitment and role ambiguity showed negative influence. Results of this study give clue to understand Bangladesh employees organizational commitment and its relation among variables. And thus the need for appropriate management presented.