• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.3682-3694
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• 2022

The expansion of a country's ecological footprint generates resources for economic development. China's import bill and carbon footprint can be reduced by investing in green transportation and energy technologies. A sustainable environment depends on the cessation of climate change; the current study investigates nuclear energy efficiency, economic complexity, air transportation, and industrial improvement for reducing environmental footprint. Using data spanning the years 1983-2016, the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation method has demonstrated the short- and long-term variability in the impact of regressors on the ecological footprint. The study findings revealed that economic complexity in China had been found to have a statistically significant impact on the country's ecological footprint. Moreover, the industrial improvement process is helpful for the ecological footprint in China. In the short term, air travel has a negative impact on the ecological footprint, but this effect diminishes over time. Additionally, energy innovation is negative and substantial both in the short and long run, thus demonstrating its positive role in reducing the ecological footprint. Policy implications can be extracted from a wide range of issues, including economic complexity, industrial improvement, air transportation, energy innovation, and ecological impact to achieve sustainable goals.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2020

Ecological communities adapt the concept of informatics in the late 20 century and develop rapidly in the early 21 century to form Ecoinformatics as the new approach of ecological research. The new approach takes into account the data-intensive nature of ecology, the precious information content of ecological data, and the growing capacity of computational technology to leverage complex data as well as the critical need for informing sustainable management of complex ecosystems. It comprehends techniques for data management, data analysis, synthesis, and forecasting on ecological research. The present paper attempts to review the development history, studies and application cases of ecoinformatics in ecological research especially on Long Term Ecological Research (LTER). From the applications show that the ecoinformatics approach and management system have formed a new paradigm in ecological research.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.476-486
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• 2009

Major objective of our study was to introduce initial researches of national long-term ecological monitoring studies on Daechung Reservoir, as one of the representative lentic reservoir ecosystems in Korea. For the long-term ecological research (LTER), we conducted preliminary field monitoring during 2008~2009 and analyzed biological parameters such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, and freshwater fish along with chemical water quality and empirical model analysis. According to phytoplankton surveys, major taxa have varied largely depending on seasons and sites sampled. Overall phytoplankton data showed that cyanophyta dominated in the summer period and diatoms dominated in the winter. In zooplankton analysis, 25 species including 20 rotifers, 3 cladocerans and 2 copepods were collected during the survey. The relative abundance of rotifers (86.5%) was always greater than that of cladocerans (6.3%) or copepods (5.1%). There were distinct spatial and inter-annual changes in the abundance of zooplankton in the reservoir, displaying similar patterns in three sites with the exception of S3 during the study. According to fish surveys, 8 families and 39 species were observed during 2008~2009. The most dominant fish was an exotic species of Lepomis macrochirus (23%), indicating an severe influence of exotic species to the ecosystem. TP averaged $17.9\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ ($6{\sim}80\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), which was judged as a mesotrophy, and showed a distinct longitudinal gradients. TN averaged $1.585\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ during the study and judged as hypereutrophic condition. Unlike TP, TN didn't show any large seasonal and spatial variations. Under the circumstances, nitrogen limitation may not happen in this system, indicating that nitrogen control is not effective in the watershed managements. These data generated in the LTER station will provide key information on long-term biological and water quality changes in relation to global warming and some clues for efficient reservoir ecosystem managements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

In this research, it is a basic study to investigate the population of birds using UAVs. The research area is Ardeidae species(ASP) habitat and has long-term monitoring. The purpose of the study is to compare the ASP populations which analyzed ground observational survey and UAVs imagery. We used DJI's Mavic pro and Phantom4 for this research. Before investigating the population of ASP, we measured the escape distance by the UAVs, and the escape distances of the two UAVs models were statistically significant. Such a result would be different in UAV size and rotor(rotary wing) noise. The population of ASP who analyzed the ground observation and UAVs imagery count differed greatly. In detail, the population(mean) on the ground observation was 174.9, and the UAVs was 247.1 ~ 249.9. As a result of analyzing the UAVs imagery, These results indicate that the lower the UAVs camera altitude, the higher the ASP population, and the lower the UAVs camera altitude, the higher the resolution of the images and the better the reading of the individual of ASP. And we confirmed analyzed images taken at various altitudes, the individuals of ASP was not statistically significant. This is because the resolution of the phantom was superior to that of mavic pro. Our research is fundamental compared to similar studies. However, long-term monitoring for ASP of South Korea's by ground observation is a barrier of the reliability of the monitoring result. We suggested how to use UAVs which can improve long-term monitoring for ASP habitat.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2000

The Long-Term Biodiversity Research Programme (LTBRP) for Mindanao is envisioned to be a collaborative programme of the Philippines. It will be a programmatic research on biodiversity - its status, threats. and conservation and management. The chosen research site is Mt. Malindang in Misamis Occidental of Mindanao. The BRP will support a set of research projects that will generate knowledge on biological and ecological, socio-economic. cultural and policy aspects of biodiversity conservation. It will also enable researchers to develop and try new methods for research on these aspects, separately or crossing boundaries of academic disciplines. Moreover. the BRP will implement support programmes which will provide the linkages of research activities to development issues and needs in the research site. The support programmes will also draw from the research projects, the knowledge that can be lent or immediately available to policy and programme formulation. The support programmes will comprise: human resource development or capability-building; information, education and communication; database; networking; community organizing: and development action. The BRP will be undertaken by a group of academie and research institutions from the Philippines, in partnership with their respective government entities and local government units in Mindanao. The Biodiversity Research Programme (BRP) will comprise a set of research projects to be undertaken by small research teams in the site. Researchable areas have been identified initially through the National Biodiversity Research Agenda. and later enriched in the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Analysis workshops by the Mindanao researchers and Philippine resource persons. Results of the PRA are presented in the paper.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.228-240
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• 2023

Growing complexity in ecosystem structure and functions, under impacts of climate and land-use changes, requires interdisciplinary understandings of processes and the whole-system, and accurate estimates of the changing functions. In the last three decades, observation networks for biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem functions under climate change, have been developed by interested scientists, research institutions and universities. In this paper we will review (1) the development and on-going activities of those observation networks, (2) some outcomes from forest carbon cycle studies at our super-site "Takayama site" in Japan, and (3) a few ideas how we connect in-situ and satellite observations as well as fill observation gaps in the Asia-Oceania region. There have been many intensive research and networking efforts to promote investigations for ecosystem change and functions (e.g., Long-Term Ecological Research Network), measurements of greenhouse gas, heat, and water fluxes (flux network), and biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem level (Biodiversity Observation Network). Combining those in-situ field research data with modeling analysis and satellite remote sensing allows the research communities to up-scale spatially from local to global, and temporally from the past to future. These observation networks oftern use different methodologies and target different scientific disciplines. However growing needs for comprehensive observations to understand the response of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate and societal changes at local, national, regional, and global scales are providing opportunities and expectations to network these networks. Among the challenges to produce and share integrated knowledge on climate, ecosystem functions and biodiversity, filling scale-gaps in space and time among the phenomena is crucial. To showcase such efforts, interdisciplinary research at 'Takayama super-site' was reviewed by focusing on studies on forest carbon cycle and phenology. A key approach to respond to multidisciplinary questions is to integrate in-situ field research, ecosystem modeling, and satellite remote sensing by developing cross-scale methodologies at long-term observation field sites called "super-sites". The research approach at 'Takayama site' in Japan showcases this response to the needs of multidisciplinary questions and further development of terrestrial ecosystem research to address environmental change issues from local to national, regional and global scales.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 2018

This research was thereby made to study and analysis ecological, landscape, and stability qualities of roadside cut Slopes in expressways and national highways that went through revegetation works. Also, evaluation items and framework for integrated assessment of plant structure and restored state for the maintenance were suggested. Following is the summary of the result. firstly, for stabilization of introduced native plant species on roadside cut slops, assessment on the post-project environmental management through long-term monitoring and maintenance works must be made. It signifies a form of authentic recovery and restoration by the native plants. second, current evaluation framework on the test beds is well managed with clear evaluation standards and table while its method of assessing the post management with only test bed results lacks conformity with this study site. Newly developed evaluation framework on the post construction sites is estimated to be used as assessment standards on any roadside construction sites. Third, after site investigation distinction was observed among different revegetating construction types in the long-term perspective. Due to the different duration time of vegetation state between seed-spray measures(degraded in time) and layer-spray measure(maintained), the use of coarse straw-mat mulching work or Coir net was suggested in long term maintenance of cut slopes. forth, segmentation of post environmental assessment is organized into three large categories of "ecological", "stabile", and "landscape" qualities regarding post restoration quality and stability of slope through native plants with which categories marks 50, 30, 20 points of rates. fifth, components of the post environmental assessment were segmented in twelve categories driving results from former experimental construction and newly focused items on site. In the future, it is possible to propose a customized assessment method considering the location and location of construction work if the research on the application of post-environment assessment methods for road construction surface recording is conducted systematically.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.185-199
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• 2012

Ecotourism has been attracting much attention as an example industry that can vitalize local economy markets and preserve natural resources. Implementation of 'Ecotourism Designation System' is under consideration to provide ecotourism products that can both emphasize the original meanings of ecotourism and ensure stronger trust from customers than ever before. This research introduced the direction, principles, subjects, and assessment indicators by subjects in terms of implementing the system and proposed fundamentals for both designation assignment and score calculation. In the face of implementing such a system in Korea, the investigation sought subjects whose target areas and programs are in need of examination. For assessment criteria by subjects, six assessment indicators were selected in the end for ecotourism sites, including: (1) the value of natural/ecological preservation (2) facility's ecological design (3) understanding both the environment and local culture (4) systems connecting local communities for cooperation (5) long/short term preservation and maintenance strategies/plans (6) willingness to further develop ecotourism and cooperative platform. In addition, seven assessment indicators were selected for program assignments, including: (1) the value of natural/ecological preservation (2) minimization of environmental effects (3) expansion of environmental understanding (4) sharing the local culture (5) vitalizing local connections and economical activities among communities (6) securing and maintaining professionality among human resources (7) odds of continuation, creativity, and aptness to improve programs. After considering the pros and cons of both categorizing system and yes/no system, implementation of categorizing system for the short term and yes/no for the long term were suggested, followed by additional suggestions of a score calculation system for each system. The official implementation of the 'Ecotourism Designation System' is scheduled for launch in 2013 after the trial operation in 2012. The assessment indicators and fundamentals suggested in this research, considering judgment, must be improved via systematic and practical methods through the trial operation.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2022

Farming practices that balance environmental friendliness with biodiversity are increasingly valuable. Wild plants on farmlands compete for nutrients with crops and create a crucial microhabitat and resources for animals such as natural enemies. Investigating farmlands and their surrounding plants with limited human and material resources has become an essential aspect of evaluating the agricultural ecosystem services. This study investigated plants in six agricultural long-term ecological research sites in Taiwan from 2017 to 2020 to determine the ideal season for investigation. Cluster analysis was performed to group habitats with similar plant composition, and the species-area curves of the clusters in each season were created. The results indicated that the agricultural ecosystem could be divided into farmlands, banks, orchards, and tea gardens. The habitats were divided into farmland, bank, Chia-Yi orchard, Gu-Keng orchard, and tea garden clusters. Ground plant cover can be investigated all year with at least 18 quadrats. However, if human and material resources are limited, 10 quadrats should be the minimum for farmlands in autumn and for the other microhabitats in spring. The minimum number of quadrats is 10 for banks, 17 for orchards, and 9 for tea gardens.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.204-207
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• 2010