• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1998

Jugular plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol-17\ulcorner and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin-F2봬(PGFM) were meausred prepartum during the last 12 days of pregnancy, at parturition, then 1 day after parturition in 16 goats. Plasma samples were analyzed for luteinizing hormone(LH), estradiol-17\ulcorner(E2), prolactin(PRL) and prostagladin F2봬(PGF2봬) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. 1. The concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone in Korean native goats remained fairly constant(0.20 0.02\ulcorner0.38 0.04 mlu/ml) from 12 days prepartum to 1 postpartum but the concentrations of plasma prolactin rose slightly from 1 day prepartum. 2. The estradiol-17\ulcorner concentrations increased rapidly after day 1 before partum, reaching a peak at parturition(74.8 77.5 pg/ml), and falling to 63.8 2.8 pg/ml at day 1 postpartum. 3. Starting at 323.2 69.6 twelve days before parturition, the concentrations of plasma prostaglandin F2봬 rose during the 1 day preceeding parturition(650.7봬57.8 pg/ml) and peaked at 1081.4 164.9 on the day of parturition. At day 1 postpartum, the concentrations of PGF2봬 decreased to 425.3 60.4 pg/ml. Finally, these results show that changes in prostaglandin F2봬 concentrations before parturition were closely related to changes in estradiol-17\ulcorner concnetrations, but after parturition they remained elevated whereas estradiol-17\ulcorner concentrations fell abruptly.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2008

The aerial parts of Sajabalssuk (Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI, Sajabalssuk) was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, three cycloartane-type triterpnoids and one ursane-type triterpenoid were isolated through the repeated silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. From the results of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the triterpenoids were determined as wrightial (1), wrightial acetate (2), 27-norcycloart-20(21)-ene-25-al-3${\beta}$-ol acetate (3) and ursolic acid (4). No report has been found for isolation of compound 3 in the literature so far, and compounds 1, 2 and 3 were the first to be isolated from Sajabalssuk (Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI, Sajabalssuk). Also, compound 1 showed Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol acyltransferase (hACAT-1) and hACAT-2 inhibitory activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 33.0 and 45.0 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited hACAT-1 activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 12.0 and 16.0 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.770-776
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of recombinant eel gonadotropin hormone (rJeGTH) produced in silkworms, with and without a carboxyl-terminal peptide from equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), on the induction of sexual maturation in female eels Anguilla japonica. Experiments were conducted both in vivo and in vitro. In in vitro trials, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) induction did not significantly differ between rJeFSH and $rJeFSH{\cdot}eCG$ treatments and the control group. However, previous studies did find that rJeLH and $rJeLH{\cdot}eCG$ treatments induced GVBD in female eels. Our in vitro exploration of $estradiol-17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) levels in immature ovarian tissues revealed significantly higher $E_2$ levels in the group treated with $rJeFSH{\cdot}eCG$ $1{\mu}g/mL$ than in the control group. In contrast, the in vivo experiments showed no effect of recombinant hormones on the sexual maturation of feminized eels. Previous studies and our own in vitro results have clearly shown that rJeGTH and $rJeGTH{\cdot}eCG$ have a positive effect on the sexual maturation of feminized eels. To develop the activity of rJeGTH in vivo, further studies should confirm circulation time and activity of these hormones in eels' bloodstream, modify the structure of the recombinant gene, and implement additional glycosylation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2018

Juglans mandshurica is a fast growing hard species, which is a tree in family of Juglandaceae and has a wide distribution in China, Korea and eastern Russia. Plant materials from J. mandshurica have extensively been used in folk medicines to prevent or cure gastric, esophageal, lung and cardiac cancer. As one chain of our searching for anticomplementary agents from natural sources, two epimeric ellagitannins, [2,3-O-4,4',5,5',6,6',-hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP))-(${\alpha},{\beta}$)-D-glucose] (I) and pedunculagin (II) were purified from 70% acetone extracts of the stem barks of J. mandshurica by Thin Layer Chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography approaches. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by MS, NMR, and a careful comparation with published literatures. The epimeric ellagitannins I and II exhibited inhibitory properties against a classical pathway of complementary system with 50 % inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) values of 65.3 and $47.7{\mu}M$, respectively, comparing with riliroside ($IC_{50}=104{\mu}M$) and rosmarinic acid ($IC_{50}=182{\mu}M$), which were used as positive controls. Thus, the work indicated both the two secondary metabolites possess excellent inhibitory activity and might be developed as potential anticomplementary chemicals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2003

Aquaporin (AQP) family protein은 일종의 수분 전달 통로 역할을 하는 단백질로 AQP를 통한 수분의 조절은 삼투압을 통한 물의 이동과 함께 조직내 정상적인 수분의 상성 유지에 필수적이다. 현재까지 11종의 AQP이 신장·뇌·정소·안구 등에서 발현이 확인되었다. AQP9은 물 뿐 아니라 carbamide, polyol, purine, pyrimidine, urea, glycerol 등의 이동에 관여한다. 본 연구에서는 생쥐에서 출생 후 성체에 이르는 동안 정소 내 AQP9의 발현, Leydig cell의 분화에 따른 AQP9의 발현을 조사하였다. 1, 2, 4, 8주령의 정소로부터 semiquantitative RT-PCR 및 real time PCR 법으로 AQP9의 발현을 분석한 결과 1주령에서는 발현되지 않았고 2주령에서는 미량이 발현되기 시작하였고, 4주령에서는 성체의 1/2수준으로 발현량이 급격히 증가하였고 성체에서는 다량으로 발현됨이 확인되었다. Semiquantitative RT-PCR 법과 real time PCR법을 비교할 때 주령별 발현 양상은 유사하였으나 4주령과 성체에서는 두 시험법 사이에 양적인 차이가 있었다. 면역조직화학염색 결과 주로 Leydig cell에서 AQP9의 발현이 확인되었다. 성체의 정소 균질액의 Western blot 상에서 분자량 80, 55, 35 및 23 kDa의 항원이 검출되어 dimer, trimer 형태로 존재할 가능성과 당쇄 결합에 의한 단백질의 변형이 있는 것으로 추정된다. 미성숙 개체의 정소에서는 23 form이 확인되는 반면 성체에서는 35 kDa form이 주로 발현되므로 정소에서 발현되는 AQP9의 경우 Post-translation 수준에서 AQP9의 변형이 수반되는 것으로 사료되며 AQP9의 기능과의 연관성은 추후 연구되어야 할 것이다. Leydig cell은 fetal 및 adult type 2종의 세포가 정소발달 과정에 출현, 사멸, 분화하며 이들은 각기 정소발달, 성숙과 정자형성에 필요한 steroidogenesis에 관여한다. 정소 내 AQP9의 발현은 17beta HSD의 발현 양상과 같게 나타나므로 성적 성숙에 따른 정소 내 AQP9의 발현의 증가는 adult type Leydig cell의 분화와 관련된 것으로 추측된다. 성체의 정소로부터 분리한 Leydig cell-enriched culture에 hCG를 처리한 결과 배양체의 AQP9의 발현이 증가하므로 AQP9은 LH 수용체 하위 신호전달과정을 통해 Leydig cell의 steroidogenesis 또는 생성된 steroids의 분비에 요구되는 수분 및 중성용질의 이동에 관여하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.116-116
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• 2003

도축 소의 난소를 이용하여 체외에서 수정란 생산과 이식이 산업화에 접어들고 있지만, 그 기원이 되는 난소의 자질은 검토되어 있지 않고, 생산된 송아지의 자질 또한 의문시 되고 있는 실정이다. 본 실험에서는 도축 한우의 육질과 육량에 따른 배발달율을 조사하여 고품질 체외수정란의 생산에 기초를 확립 하고자 실시하였다. 한우 난소는 도축 직후에 개체별로 paper에 싸서, 0.9%생리식염수 (25-$28}{\circ}C$)가 들어있는 보온병에 담아 실험실로 운반하였다. 운반된 난소의 2~8mm의 가시난포로부터 난포란을 회수하였다. 회수된 난포란은 10% FBS, 1$\mu g/ml$ FSH, 10$\mu g/ml$LH 그리고 1$\mu g/ml$ Estradiol-$17 \beta$가 첨가된 TCM199 용액에서 24시간 체외성숙을 실시하였다. 체외수정은 fer-TALP 용액을, 체외배양은 CR1aa 용액에서 배양 3일째까지는 0.3% BSA, 그 이후에는 10% FBS와 난관 상피세포를 첨가하여 사용하였다. 통계분석은 $X^2-test를 이용하였다. 도축 한우의 육질등급에 따른 수정율은 1, 2, 3 및 등외등급에서 각각 63.7, 82.7, 73.2 및 84.0%로서 등외등급에서 가장 높은 수정율을 나타냈다. 배반포까지 발달율도 각각 17.1, 32.2, 26.8 및 40.0%로서 등외등급에서 가장 높았으며 특히 등외등급의 배발달율이 1등급에 비하여 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 육량등급에 따른 수정율은 A, B, C 및 등외등급에서 각각 90.0, 62 0, 69.2 및 85.0%로서 A등급이 가장 높았고 배반포까지 발달율은 각각 21.2, 18.7, 22.5 및 20.2%로서 C등급이 가장 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 한우 난포란의 배발달에는 육량등급보다는 육질등급에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 육질 1등급에서 배발달율이 낮은 이유는 육질 향상을 목적으로 암소를 비육 하는 경우 발생하는 번식장애와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1992

The nudear changes of bovine oocytes during 24 hrs. of culture for mejotic maturation were examined. Bovine oocytes were collected from small(<2 mm), medium(2~6 mm) and large(>6mm) follicles and classified into three grades by their morphological characteristics. A total of 242 oocytes collected were obtained:from 184 small, 157 medium and 1 large follicles, respectively and were classified into 95 grade I, 155 grade H and 92 grade III oocytes. All the bovine oocytes collected and graded were washed with a basal medium and incubated in groups of 10 for 24 hrs in 5% $CO_2$ and 39$^{\circ}C$. The basal medium used was composed of TCM-199 supplemented with sodium bicarbonate, sodium pyruvate, streptomycin, penicillin G and 10% FCS. The oocytes were cultured in drops of 50,$\mu$l basal medium supplemented with 35$\mu$g /ml FSH, 10$\mu$g /ml LH and 1$\mu$g /ml estradiol-17$\beta$. The oocytes were fixed and examined on their chromosomal status by 1% acetorcein staining in the interval of 3 hrs. Most of the grade I oocytes developed to germinal vesicule stage at 0 to 3 hrs., germinal vesicle breakdown at 6 hrs., metaphase I at 9 to 15 hrs., anaphase I and telophase I at 18 hrs., and metaphase II and the first polar body at 24 hrs. after culture for meiotic maturation. However, it was found that compared to grade I oocytes, grade H and W oocytes reached earlier to germinal vesicle breakdown and most of them developed earlier to M II stage at 21 hrs. after culture.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2011

Bacillus subtilis EBS05, an endophytic bacteria strain isolated from a medicinal plant Cinnamomum camphor, can produce antagonistic compounds that effectively inhibit plant pathogenic fungi. The greenhouse experiments showed that wheat sharp eyespot disease (WSED) was reduced by 91.2%, 88.2% and 43.0% after the treatment with fermentation broth, bacteria-free filter and a fungicide fludioxonil, respectively. The culture broth of strain EBS05 can more effectively control WSED than can fludioxonil. The fermentation broth and bacteria-free filter ability to suppress WSED was not significantly different, suggesting that an active secreted substance played a major role in controlling WSED. Separation and purification of the active compounds was carried out by serial processes, including hydrochloric acid (pH 2.0) treatment, methanol extraction and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The purified compounds, one of active peaks in the HPLC spectrum, were obtained from the collection. Analysis of the chemical structures by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) showed that the active substances produced by the endophytic bacteria EBS05 are mixture of the ${\beta}$-hydroxy-C12~C15-$Leu^7$ surfactin A isomers with 1035.65 Da, 1021.64 Da, 1007.63 Da and 993.65 Da molecular weights, respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 2020

Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (red kohlrabi) is a biennial herbaceous vegetable whose edible bulbotuber-like stem and leaves are consumed globally. Sliced red kohlrabi tubers were extracted using methanol and the concentrated extract was partitioned successively with dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH) and water (H₂O). Repeated column chromatography of EtOAc fraction through silica, sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 gel led to isolation of eleven compounds of which compound 1 was a new glycosylated indole alkaloid derivative, 1-methoxyindole 3-carboxylic acid 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Others were known compounds namely, β-sitosterol glucoside (4), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5), methyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosyl disulfide (6), 5-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethanol (7), (3S,4R)-2-deoxyribonolactone (8), n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (9), uridine (10) and three fructose derivatives, D-tagatose (11), β-D-fructofuranose (12) and β-D-fructopyranose (13). Similarly, isolation from CH₂Cl₂ fraction gave two known indole alkaloids, indole 3-acetonitrile (2) and N-methoxyindole 3-acetonitrile (3). The structure elucidation and identification of these compounds were conducted with the help of ¹³C and ¹H NMR, HMBC, HMQC, EIMS, HR-ESIMS and IR spectroscopic data, and TLC plate spots visualization. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are noted to occur in kohlrabi for the first time. Different bioactivities of these isolated compounds have been reported in literature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.340-345
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• 2002

In this experiment, oocytes were collected from goat ovaries available in slaughterhouse by follicle puncture method. Morphologically culturable type of oocytes which having compact, multilayered cumulus granulosa cell complex and evenly granulated cytoplasm, was separated under a stereozoom microscope. Oocytes were washed thoroughly in maturation medium containing TCM-199, $1{\mu}g/ml$ estradiol-$17{\beta}$, 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ FSH, $100{\mu}g/ml$ LH, 3 mg/ml BSA and 10% estrus goat serum. Washed oocytes were cultured into maturation medium on granulosa cell monolayer. Culture plate was then kept into $CO_2$ incubator at $38{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, maximum humidity and 5% $CO_2$ for 18 h. After maturation the oocytes were washed thoroughly with maturation medium containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) without serum and BSA and further cultured for 12 h for secretory proteins of oocytes. PVA medium was collected, pooled and concentrated by 5000 cut off centrisart. Secretory proteins were separated on 12.5% SDS-PAGE. A total number of 3.41 oocytes per ovary were obtained and 2.17 culturable oocytes per ovary were cultured into maturation medium. After 18 h of maturation, 4,567 oocytes (1.82 oocytes per ovary) were further cultured into serum and BSA free PVA medium for its secretory proteins. Four secretory proteins of oocytes with approximately molecular weight of 45, 55, 65 and 95 kDa were obtained on SDS-PAGE in silver staining and three proteins with approximately molecular weight of 45, 55 and 65 kDa in Coomassie brilliant blue staining. In conclusion, four secretory proteins with approximately molecular weight of 45, 55, 65 and 95 kDa was obtained from in vitro cultured oocytes of goats.