• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.4 no.4 s.13
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

In the present study, flow characteristics of turbulent oscillatory flow in an oscillator connected to square-sectional $180^{\circ}$ curved duct are investigated experimentally. In order to investigate wall shear stress and pressure distributions, the experimental studies for air flows we conducted in a square-sectional $180^{\circ}$ curved duct by using the LDV system with the data acquisitions and the processing system. The wall shear stress at bend angle of the $150^{\circ}$ and pressure distribution of the inlet (${\phi}=0^{\circ}$) to the outlet (${\phi}=180^{\circ}$) by $10^{\circ}$ intervals of the duct are measured. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows : wall shear stress values in the inner wall we larger than those in an outer wall, except for the phase angle (${\omega}t/{\pi}/6$) of 3, because of the intensity of secondary flow. The pressure distributions are the largest in accelerating and decelerating regions at the bend angle(${\phi}$) of $90^{\circ}$ and pressure difference of inner and outer walls is the largest before and after the ${\phi}=90^{\circ}$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.905-914
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• 2001

A large eddy simulation(LES) is performed for turbulent flow around a bluff body inside a sudden expansion cylinder chamber, a configuration which resembles a premixed gas turbine combustor. To promote turbulent mixing and to accommodate flame stability, a flame holder is installed inside the combustion chamber. The Smagorinsky model is employed and the calculated Reynolds number is 5,000 based on the bulk velocity and the diameter of the inlet pipe. The simulation code is constructed by using a general coordinate system based on the physical contravariant velocity components. The predicted turbulent statistics are evaluated by comparing them with the laser-doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurement data. The agreement of LES with the experimental data is shown to be satisfactory. Emphasis is placed on the time-dependent evolutions of turbulent vortical structure behind the flame holder. The numerical flow visualizations depict the behavior of large-scale vortices. The turbulent mixing process behind the flame holder is analyzed by visualizing the sectional views of vortical structure.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.633-638
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• 2000

Ultrasonic applications for the enhancement of turbulence flow by using the PIV measurement were carried out according to the angle of the ultrasonic oscillator, materials of the reflector and each section when ultrasonic is reflected several times. Angles of the ultrasonic oscillator such as $30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;60^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;120^{\circ},\;135^{\circ}$ and $150^{\circ}$ were selected, and turbulent intensities were compared at Reynolds No. 2,000 and 4,000. Materials of the reflector such as wood, acryl, iron and glass were selected, and time mean velocity vector and turbulent intensity were compared at Reynolds No. 4,000. The zone which was observed was selected from first section to fourth section when ultrasonic was reflected several times. Every data such as time mean velocity vector and time mean turbulent intensity which was obtained by PIV measurement was examined, compared and discussed at Reynolds No. 2,000 and 4,000 to know the degree of turbulence enhancement in each case.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.675-684
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• 2002

Two-dimensional, angle-resolved LDV(Laser Doppler Velocimetry) measurements of the turbulent rotating flow field in a confined cylinder have been performed. The configurations of interest are flows between a rotating upper disk with a rod attached by a disk or impeller($\theta$ = 45$^{\circ}$, 90$^{\circ}$) and a stationary lower disk in a confined cylinder. The mean flow velocity as well as the turbulent intensity of the flow field have been measured. The results show that the flow is strongly dependent on the position of the impellers or the disk, negligibly affected by the Reynolds number in turbulent flow. It is observed that the mixing effect of the axial flow impeller($\theta$ = 45$^{\circ}$) is better than that of the radial flow impeller($\theta$ = 90$^{\circ}$) or a disk.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.504-511
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• 2000

PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) is a recently developed technique for visualizing the fluid velocity fields. Because it has several advantages over the LDV(Laser Doppler Velocimetry), it became one of the most popular diagnostic tools in spite of its short history. However, its application to combustion is restricted by some problems such as flame illumination, scattered light refraction, particle density variation due to heat release, the combined effect of abrupt change in particle density and fluid velocity on flame contour, and thermophoresis which is particle lagging due to temperature gradient. These problems are expected to be originated from the non-continuous characteristics of flames and the limitations of particle dynamics. In the present study, these problems were considered for the visualization of the instantaneous coaxial hydrogen diffusion flame. And the instantaneous flame contour was detected using particle density difference. The visualized diffusion flame velocity field shows its turbulent and meandering nature. It was also observed that the flame is located inside the outer shear layer and flame geometry is largely influenced by the vorticity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.455-460
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• 2012

In this paper, an experimental and numerical investigation of transition characteristics in a square-sectional curved duct flow under Centrifugal force is presented. The experimental study is carried out to measure axial velocity profiles by using Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) system. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was performed using the commercial CFD code FLUENT to investigate the transition characteristics. The flow development is found to depend upon Dean number and curvature ratio. The velocity profiles in center of the duct have lower value than those of the inner and outer walls because of the centrifugal forces.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2001

The experiment is conducted on the rapidly rotating incompressible flow within a confined cylinder using LDV(Laser Doppler Velocimetry). The configurations of interest are the flows between a rotating upper disk with a bar and a stationary lower disk enclosed within a cylinder. The flow is considered to be an axisymmetric undisturbed basic flow. The results show that the flow is strongly dependent on the radius and the shape of bar but is negligibly affected by the Reynolds number in turbulent flow. It is observed that in the lid-driven case the main forms near the wall as the Reynolds number increases. The thin bar causes the second axial flow due to the suction effect and the thick bar causes the main flow to be pulled toward the surface of the bar. The step bar shows the dual effect of the two. 1:2 tilt bar shows that the main flow distributes wider than the other cases in which interference occurs due step bar.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1662-1669
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• 2000

Various flame types are observed in a double concentric burner by varying equivalence ratio and flow rates in each tube. Observed flame types include bunsen-type flame, ring-shaped flame, outer lifted flame, inner lifted flame, and oscillatory lifted flame, The doman of existence of various flames is mapped with equivalence ratio and annular jet velocity. Each flame is investigated through direct photography and OH PLIF. As central air velocity increase, the blowout region is diminished and lifted oscillating flames are observed. Inner lifted flames are observed from bunsen flames or rich shaped flames by increasing central air velocity. For inner lifted flames, annular jet velocity, at flame liftoff decreases with increasing central air jet velocity. Axial velocity profile and temperature fie이 using LDV and CRS, respectively, for a typical inner lifted flame are also measured through which the role of tribrachial flame for stabilization in emphasized.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1510-1520
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• 1996

An experimental study on the flow over the axisymmetric backward-facing step was carried out. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of the separating streamline curvature on the reattachment length and to understand the structure of recirculating flows. Local mean and fluctuating velocity components were measured in the separating and reattaching axisymmetric region of turbulent boundary layer on the wall of convex cylinder placed in a water tunnel by using 2-color 4-beam fiber optics laser Doppler velocimetry. The study demonstrates that the reattachment length increases with increasing separating streamline curvature. It is also observed that the reverse flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy increase with an increase in the separating streamline curvature. In addition, the behavior of maximum turbulent stresses show that the effect of separating streamline curvature is larger in the region of recirculating zone(X/H<2) than in the region of reattachment point.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.661-669
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• 1999

The evolutionary structure of a tip vortex in the initial period have been investigated by the two-dimensional LDV system. Circumferential and axial components of mean velocities, their turbulences and Reynolds stresses were measured by the phase averaging technique at seven different wake ages within one revolution of the rotor. Core growth was also analyzed. It was resulted that circumferential velocity components showed a Rankine combined vortex shape and their circulation profiles viewed in the radial direction were close to the n = 2 model of Vatistas' algebraic formula, while axial velocity components seemed to have the Gaussian profiles In these measured ranges with the base width of three times of core radii. Peaks of circumferential velocities and core radii showed distinct asymmetric behaviors before the wake age of $150^{\circ}$ over inboard and outboard sides of the slipstream, but they became symmetric afterwards. Turbulence profiles which had two peaks Inside the core radii in the earlier wake age were also changed to single peaks after $150^{\circ}$. These trends imply that the tip vortex was barely mature at this wake age.