• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2017

The problem of disposal of brine due to increased MD/RO desalination plant has recently become a big social issue. The chlor-alkali process through electrolysis of brine has been studied as a method to overcome this problem. In order to increase the electrolysis efficiency, a pretreatment process for removal of hard substances must be preceded. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of removal of hardness through chemical precipitation. As a result, Ca was greatly influenced by addition of $Na_2CO_3$, and Mg was strongly influenced by pH. Also, the addition of NaOH and $Na_2CO_3$ enabled simultaneous removal of Ca and Mg, and showed a removal efficiency of 99.9% or more. Finally, the residual concentrations of Ca and Mg in the brine after the reaction were 0.14 and 0.13 mg/L, respectively. Saturation index was calculated using Visual MINTEQ 3.1, and solid phase analysis of the precipitate was performed by FE-SEM and PXRD analysis. It was confirmed that precipitate formed by the formation of calcite and brucite.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1216-1222
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• 2017

To develop starters for the production of functional foods or materials, lactic acid bacteria producing ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) were screened from jeotgals, Korean fermented seafoods. One isolate producing a high amount of GABA from monosodium $\text\tiny{L}$-glutamate (MSG) was identified as Enterococcus avium by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. E. avium M5 produced $18.47{\pm}1.26mg/ml$ GABA when incubated for 48 h at $37^{\circ}C$ in MRS broth with MSG (3% (w/v)). A gadB gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using the pET26b (+) expression vector. Recombinant GAD was purified through a Ni-NTA column and the size was estimated to be 53 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Maximum GAD activity was observed at pH 4.5 and $55^{\circ}C$and the activity was dependent on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of GAD were $3.26{\pm}0.21mM$ and $0.0120{\pm}0.0001mM/min$, respectively, when MSG was used as a substrate. Enterococcus avium M5 secretes a lot of GABA when grown on MRS with MSG, and the strain is useful for the production of fermented foods containing a high amount of GABA.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권6호통권90호
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• pp.950-958
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of pound cake made of flour substituted with $\beta$-glucan (3, 6 and $9\%$), which is a functional fuod material produced from Agrobacterium Spp. R259 KCTC 10197BP. A rapid decrease of moisture content during storage at $20^{\circ}C$, $70\%$ relative humidity, was observed in the control while the moisture content in 3 and $6\%$ $\beta$-glucan added pound cake was not decreased until the 12th day of storage. During storage, the hardness of the control cake was increased whereas that of $\beta$-glucan $6\%$ and $9\%$ added pound cake was not changed until the 6th day of storage. The addition of $\beta$-glucan was therefore conflmed to delay the staling of cake. During storage, the Hunter color L ud b values of the crust and crumb colors of the $\beta$-glucan added pound cake were not significantly different from those of the control, although the a value did increase with longer storage. The sensory results showed that the scores of over-all acceptability of the 3 and $6\%$ $\beta$-glucan added pound cake at the 6th day of storage days were higher than that of the control. These study results confirmed that the addition of $\beta$-glucan to pound cake maintained the moisture content and delayed hardness during storage.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2020

In order to increase the indoor air purification effect of plants, plants need to be placed on 5-10% of indoor spaces. To increase the density and utilization of plants in indoor spaces, studies on bio-wall, a vertical green wall system, have been recently conducted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics of 7 indoor plants introduced to the system and their rooting zones at different irrigation cycles. This study was conducted to investigate a proper irrigation cycle for the continuous maintenance of bio-wall systems. The conditions of their growth environment were maintained as follows: light intensity, 20-50 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD; and temperature, 20 - 25℃. For fertilization, Hyponex diluted with water at the ratio of 1:1,000 was supplied to plants. Irrigation was treated at intervals of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days for 1 hour at a time. As a result, there was no significant difference in the growth of plants between different irrigation cycles. Dieffenbachia 'Marianne' showed a significant decrease in the number of leaves at the irrigation cycle of 7 days. In addition, the chlorophyll content was relatively low at the irrigation cycle of 7 days. In terms of the color of leaves, a decrease in L value and b value and an increase in a value were observed, resulting in changes in brightness and color. Ardisia pusilla 'Variegata' showed a slightly higher photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance when it was watered every day and once per 5 days, while Epipremnum aureum showed a relatively higher photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance at the irrigation cycle of 3 days. In the case of root activity, it was found that the longer irrigation cycle, the higher root activity compared to daily irrigation. The development of roots of Peperomia clusiifolia was promoted by watering at long intervals. However, in the case of Aglaonema 'Siam-Aurora', the total number of roots decreased at the interval of 7 days. In conclusion, a proper irrigation cycle for the sustainable maintenance of vertical bio-wall systems seems to be 3 days.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Objectives : To develop a natural antioxidant and anti-hemolytic agents, we investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos. Methods : Aerial parts of Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos were extracted with 80% ethanol. Antioxidant activity of Carpesii Fructus or Farfarae Flos extract was evaluated by employing three different assays, i.e., 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-suphonic acid) diammonium (ABTS) scavenging and reducing power activities. Also, anti-hemolytic activity of Carpesii Fructus or Farfarae Flos extract was determined using [2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)]-induced hemolysis, glutathione (GSH) depletion and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in normal rat red blood cells (RBC) or plasma. Results : The extracts obtained from Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH- or ABTS-induced radicals and the reducing power activities. Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos were similar to the scavenging activity and the reducing power of butylated hydroxy anisole effect at high concentration ($1,000{\mu}g/mL$). RBC oxidative hemolysis and plasma MDA formation induced by AAPH were significantly suppressed by the extracts of Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos in a dose-dependent manner. Also, Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos extracts prevented the depletion of cystosolic antioxidant GSH in RBCs. Carpesii Fructus generally had better than the free radical scavenging activity, the reducing power and anti-hemolytic effects of Farfarae Flos. Conclusions : These results suggest that Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos may have value as the potential antioxidant and anti-hemolytic medicinal plant.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1441-1446
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 휜 광폭평판의 두께와 폭, 균열길이 그리고 가공경화지수의 변화가 휜 광폭평판의 균열부 구속상태에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 5가지의 휜 광폭평판 두께, 3가지의 균열길이, 3가지의 휜 광폭평판 폭 그리고 3가지의 가공경화지수를 고려한 3차원 탄소성 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. Ramberg-Osgood 관계식을 만족하는 비선형 재료로 가정하였으며 균열부 구속상태를 정량화하기 위해서 Q-응력을 이용하였다. 3차원 유한요소해석 결과를 바탕으로 기하학적 형상 및 재료특성에 따른 휜 광폭평판의 Q-응력 변화를 평가하였다. 평가 결과 면외 구속조건에 의한 영향은 면내 구속조건과 밀접한 관계가 있었으며, 면외 구속조건이 면내 구속조건 보다 균열부 구속상태에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.685-694
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• 2009

This experimental study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of ethanol extract of modified Yukgunja-tang(mYGJT) on high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in Sprague-Dawley rats, Animals were divided into normal, control, mYGJT(100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) treated groups. Obesity with hyperlipidemia was induced by high fat diet treatment for 6 weeks. mYGJT was given to the amimals by oral gavage for 4 weeks, starting at the high-fat diet regimen, The effect of mYGJT on the differentiation of 3T3 L1 adipocytes in vitro and serological paramamters for obesity and hyperlipidemia in vivo were evaluated, mYGJT significnatly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3 L1 adipocytes in a concentration dependent manner. mYGJT treatment siginficantly reduced body weight, abdominal and epididymal fat weight, and FER(Food Efficiency Ratio) compared with control group in a dose dependent manner. It also signficantly inhibited the levels of serum total lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid, total cholesterol, LDL, AI(Atherosclerosis Index) and returned the serum HDL to normal. Total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterols in the liver, as well as malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydroxy radical in the serum were significantly reduced. However, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was significantly increased in mYGJT treated group compared with control group. Finally, mYGJT treatment signficantly decreased the MDA and protein carbonyl concentrations of the hepatic homogenate but signficantly increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and Catalase. Taken together, these results suggest that mYGJT can be clinically useful in inhibiting high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.290-302
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• 2003

광주광역시의 풍암매립지 주변에 분포하는 하상퇴적물, 주변토양, 침출수의 배수관 내에서 채취한 슬러지 그리고 물(하천수, 침출수, 지하수)의 지구화학적 특성을 연구하였다. 하상퇴적물에서 상류에서 하류 쪽으로 규칙적인 함량변화는 나타나지 않는다. 하상퇴적물에서 가장 풍부하게 산출되는 주원소는 Fe(7.08wt.%)이다. 하상퇴적물 GJ-23, 34는 중금속을 다량으로 포함하고 있지만, 심각한 환경 피해를 일으킬 수 있는 농도는 아니다. 주변 토양 중에서 침출수 저장고와 인접한 토양(GJ-8)에서의 철 함량은 35.1wt.%, 비소 함량은 38.8ppm으로 가장 높다. 침출수구에서 채취한 슬러지 시료 GJ-7의 Cr함량은 .45.6ppm으로 토양오염 우려기준을 훨씬 초과한다. 침출수는 총용존물질(2210, 2470mg/L)과 전기전도도(468, 530ms/cm)가 높고, 양이온에서 Na, K가, 음이온에서 HCO$_3$가 우세하다. 침출수인 PK-3은 Cl함량이 비교적 높아 파이퍼도에서 Na-Cl 영역에 점시된다. 지하수와 하천수는 질산성질소의 함량이 음용수 기준을 훨씬 넘어서 식수로 사용하기에는 부적절한 것으로 나타났다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1999

연구배경: 비소세포성 폐암 수술시 sleeve 폐엽절제술은 가능한한 폐실질을 보존하기 위한 수술방법으로, 폐기능이 감소되어 있는 환자에서도 폐절제술을 시행할 수 있다. 그러나 sleeve 폐엽절제술 후 폐기능이 기대했던 것 만큼 보존되는지에 대한 국내의 보고가 없어 sleeve 폐엽절제술 후 폐기능의 보존정도에 대해 연구 하였다. 방법: 1995년부터 1998년까지 삼성서울병원에서 sleeve 폐엽절제술을 받은 폐암 환자중 수술 후 3개월 이후에 기관지내시경 검사, 폐기능검사를 시행받은 15명의 환자를 대상으로 수술 전 예상 $FEV_1$과 수술 후 실제 $FEV_1$과의 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 수술 전 예상 $FEV_1$은 수술 전 $FEV_1$에 수술 후 잔류폐엽의 폐관류 정도(%)를 곱한 값으로 계산하였다. 결과: 15명 환자의 연령의 중앙값은 58세(44세-70세)였고, 남녀비는 14:1이었다. 모두 비소세포성폐암이었으며 상피세포암이 13명, 선암이 2 명이었다. 우측 상엽 sleeve 폐업절제술이 8명, 우측 중엽과 하엽을 동시에 제거하는 양엽 sleeve 폐엽절제술이 3명, 좌측 상엽 sleeve 폐엽절제술이 4명이었다. 환자들의 수술 전 평균 $FEV_1$은 $2417{\pm}694mL$ 였고, sleeve 폐엽절제술을 받을 경우 예상 $FEV_1$용 $2180{\pm}570mL$ 였다. Sleeve 폐엽절제술 후 실제 $FEV_1$은 $2293{\pm}499mL$로 수술 전 예상 $FEV_1$과 의미있는 상관관계을 보여 (r = 0.67, P<0.05), 전폐절제술을 시행했을 때보다 폐기능을 보존할 수 있었다. 각 환자의 수술 전 $FEV_1$과 수술 후 실제 $FEV_1$을 비교해 보았을 때 수술 전 $FEV_1$이 적었던 (<2L) 4명의 환자에서는 오히려 수술 전보다 수술 후 $FEV_1$이 증가하였다. 결론: 폐암의 수술에 있어 sleeve 폐업절제술은 예상했던 것 만큼 폐기능이 잘 보존되었고, 특히 수술 전 폐기능이 저하되어 있는 환자에서 유용한 수술수기로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각 되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.729-735
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 생약복합제제인 SH21B의 adipogenesis 억제 효능에 대한 상세한 분자적 메커니즘을 3T3-L1 지방세포를 이용하여 밝히는 데 있다. 실험에 사용된 SH21B는 7가지 생약성 천연물질인, 황금, 행인, 마황, 석창포, 포황, 원지 및 하엽으로 이루어졌다. 최근, 본 연구진에 의해 3T3-L1을 이용한 in vitro 연구와 마우스를 이용한 in vivo 연구에서 SH21B의 adipogenesis 억제효능이 밝혀진 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방세포가 분화될 때 작용하는 다양한 지방세포형성 조절자들의 유전자 발현이 SH21B에 의해 어떻게 변하는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 실시간중합효소반응(real time PCR) 기술을 이용하여 SH21B를 처리한 지방세포와 그렇지 않은 지방세포를 비교한 결과, 최종마커인 ADIPOQ와 SLC2A4의 유전자 발현이 SH21B에 의해 급격하게 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 최종마커의 발현을 유도하는 핵심전사인자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 C/$EBP{\alpha}$의 유전자 발현 역시 SH21B의 처리 시 유의하게 억제되었다. 좀 더 상세한 분자적 메커니즘을 규명하기 위해, 핵심전사인자의 상위에 위치한 다양한 조절자들의 유전자 발현을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 여러 지방세포형성 유도조절자 중, Krox20과 KLF15의 유전자 발현이 SH21B 처리에 의해 유의하게 감소된 반면, C/$EBP{\beta}$와 KLF5의 유전자 발현은 SH21B 처리에 영향을 받지 않았다. 그리고 지방세포형성 억제조절자인 KLF2와 CHOP의 유전자 발현은 SH21B 처리에 의해 유의하게 증가되었다. 이러한 결과들은 SH21B의 지방세포형성 억제효능이 지방세포의 분화에 작용하는 다양한 상위조절자 중 지방세포형성 유도조절자인 Krox20과 KLF15 그리고 지방세포형성 억제조절자인 KLF2와 CHOP 등의 유전자 발현이 변화되면서 일어나는 복합적인 반응의 결과임을 제시한다.