• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.353-361
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• 1998

Zebra danio와 leopard danio의 부모세대(Po)간의 상반교재를 병행한 교배실험에서 5개체의 small spotted type이 출현한 1개의 실험구를 제외하고는 모두 wild type으로 나타났다. 그리고 F하(1)세대 간의 상반교배로 태어난 F하(2)세대는 wild type과 spotted type의 비율이 모두 3 : 1로 나타났다. F하(1)세대와 Po세대와의 상반교배를 병행한 역교배실험에서는 부모세대를 zebra danio로 사용한 경우, wild type과 spotted type이 178 : 1, 2.7 : 1, 3.9 : 1로 출현하는 실험구를 제외하고는 모두 wild type으로 나타났고, spotted type을 사용한 역교배 및 검정교배실험에서 40개체의 small spotted type으로 출현하는 실험구를 제외하고는 모두 1 : 1의 비율을 나타내었다. Z x F(LZ) 교재실험구 중 두 개의 반복구(각각 2.7 : 1, 3.9 : 1 )에서 wild type과 spotted type의 비율이 3 : 1로 나타났으나, F하(1)세대간의 교배실험과 검정교배실험 결과, zebra danio 암컷이 이형접합자(Pp)였다고 추정되었다. Spotted type과 small spotted type으로 나타나는 예외적인 결과에 대해 아직까지 확실히 규명되지 않았지만, 모든 결과를 종합해 볼 때 반문을 조절하는 유전자의 인자형은 zebra danio가 동형 우성 (PP)이고, leopard danio가 동형 열성(pp)이며, 유전자는 상염색체 상에 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 수정 후부터 15일째까지의 생존율 비교 실험에서 $Z{\times}Z$ (83.8${\pm}$6.7%)와 $L{\times}L$(80.6${\pm}$4.8%)는 생존율에 있어서 그 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, 이들과 다른 교배군인 $Z{\times}L$(73.2${\pm}$2.0%) 이나 $L{\times}Z$(70.6${\pm}$4.2%) 와는 유의차를 보였다. 따라서 D. frankei로 알려졌던 leopard danio는 zebrafish의 aquarium morph인 반문 돌연변이체이지만 leopard danio 사이에 교배가 이루어질 경우에는 유전적으로 안정되어 있음을 알 수 있는 반면에, wild type zebrafish와는 다소의 유전적인 부조화가 존재한다고 추정된다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.1117-1127
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• 2019

Let ${\mathcal{L}}_2=(-{\Delta})^2+V^2$ be the $Schr{\ddot{o}}dinger$ type operator, where nonnegative potential V belongs to the reverse $H{\ddot{o}}lder$ class $RH_s$, s > n/2. In this paper, we consider the operator $T_{{\alpha},{\beta}}=V^{2{\alpha}}{\mathcal{L}}^{-{\beta}}_2$ and its conjugate $T^*_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$, where $0<{\alpha}{\leq}{\beta}{\leq}1$. We establish the $(L^p,\;L^q)$-boundedness of operator $T_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ and $T^*_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$, respectively, we also show that $T_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ is bounded from Hardy type space $H^1_{L_2}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ into $L^{p_2}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ and $T^*_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ is bounded from $L^{p_1}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ into BMO type space $BMO_{{\mathcal{L}}1}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$, where $p_1={\frac{n}{4({\beta}-{\alpha})}}$, $p_2={\frac{n}{n-4({\beta}-{\alpha})}}$.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.461-465
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• 2010

We investigated the role of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation. BayK 8644, a L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel agonist, was shown to increase the RANKLinduced osteoclastogenesis and actin ring formation in mouse bone marrow-dereived macrophage (BMM) culture system. BayK 8644 stimulated RANKL-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) activation, which leads to increased nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1 expression. Taken together, these data indicate that L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel regulates osteoclast formation possibly through ERK- and p38-mediated NFATc1 expression.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.427-440
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• 2016

This study uses comparison tests of bodice basic patterns to research improvements in wearing evaluation methods based on differences in bodice basic patterns and body size. As study methods, we calculated body sizes for six types by selecting four types of bodice basic pattern and utilized bodice basic pattern size measurement tools. The study result are as follows. First, as the result of analyzing bodice basic patterns per each part and body size difference by bodice basic pattern size measurement tool, shoulder angle cover rate was J&K type 57.57%~68.41%, N type 53.13%~65.57%, L type 51.87%~63.73%, and H type 59.03%~68.20%. In the item of neck base circumference, it was J&K type 6.4~-16 mm, N type 10.7~-31.9 mm, L type -5.2~-13.4 mm, and H type -6.2~-15.4 mm. In the item of armscye circumference, it was J&K type -18.9~-59.4 mm, N type -15.2~-51.3 mm, L type -38.9~-52.7 mm, and H type -17~-42.2 mm. In the item of biacromion length, it was J&K type 23.2~-4.7 mm, N type 18.4~-10.4 mm, and H type 3.5~-5.7 mm. In the item of interscye back, it was J&K type and N type 17.6~-13.6 mm, L type 11.9~-13.6 mm, and H type 3.2~-11.8 mm. The item of interscye front was found in the sequences of study type and L type. Second, the Kruskal-Wallis test result (according to bodice basic pattern) indicated meaningful differences in items of shoulder angle cover rate, neck point to breast point, bust point-bust point, biacromion length and armscye circumference and H type had an overall higher rank.

• 천문학논총
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.197-199
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• 2017

Using the InfraRed Camera (IRC) on board the infrared astronomical satellite AKARI we study the ${3.3{\mu}m}$ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature and its connection to active galactic nucleus (AGN) properties for a sample of 54 hard X-ray selected bright AGN, including both Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 type objects. The sample is selected from the 9-month Swift/BAT survey in the 14-195 keV band and all of the sources have known neutral hydrogen column densities ($N_H$). The ${3.3{\mu}m}$ PAH luminosity ($L_{3.3{\mu}m}$) is used as a proxy for star-formation (SF) activity and hard X-ray luminosity ($L_{14-195keV}$) as an indicator of the AGN power. We explore for possible difference of SF activity between type 1 (un-absorbed) and type 2 (absorbed) AGN. We use several statistical analyses taking the upper-limits of the PAH lines into account utilizing survival analysis methods. The results of our log($L_{14-195keV}$) versus log($L_{3.3{\mu}m}$) regression shows a positive correlation and the slope for the type 1/unobscured AGN is steeper than that of type 2/obscured AGN at a $3{\sigma}$ level. Also our analysis shows that the circum-nuclear SF is more enhanced in type 2/absorbed AGN than type 1/un-absorbed AGN for low $L_{14-195keV}$ luminosity/low Eddington ratio AGN, while there is no significant dependence of SF activity on the AGN type in the high $L_{14-195keV}$ luminosities/Eddington ratios.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 1996

한국산 B. plicatilis, L-type rotifer와 S-type rotifer의 내구란 대량생산은 L-type rotifer의 경우 15일 동안 농축 Chlorella + 빵효모 혼합구와 빵효모 단독구로 하였고 S-type rotifer는 7일동안 1 $m^3$ 수조에서 농축 Chlorella로, $6{\~}8$일 동안 4 $m^3$ 수조에서 냉동 농축 Chlorella + 빵효모로 대량생산하였다. L-type rotifer 내구란 대량생산 실험에서 농축 Chlorella + 빵효모 혼합구가 총 내구란 생산 $54.5{\times}10^6$개, $10^{8}$ rotifers 당 내구란 생산 $30.5{\times}10^6$개, 먹이 건조 중량 1g 당 내구란 생산 $100{\times}10^3$개로 빵효모 단독구 보다 높게 나타났다. S-type rotifer의 내구란 대량생산은 4 $m^3$ 수조에서 냉동 농축 Chlorella + 빵효모를 먹이로 총 내구란 생산 $149{\~}567{\times}10^6$개, $10^{8}$ rotifers당 내구란 생산 $36{\~}123{\times}10^6$개, 먹이 건조 중량 1 g당 내구란 생산 $131{\~}338{\times}10^3$개를 생산하여 1 $m^3$ 수조에서 농축 Chlorella를 단독 먹이로 생산한 경우 보다 높았다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2004

Exogenous carbon monoxide (0.2%) increases L-type calcium $(Ca^{2+})$ current in human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells. The stimulatory effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current is inhibited by pre-application of L-NNA, a classical competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with no significant isoform selectivity (Lim, 2003). In the present study, we investigated which isoform of NOS affected CO induced stimulation of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current in human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells. Cells were voltage clamped by whole-cell mode patch clamp technique, and membrane currents were recorded with 10 mM barium as the charge carrier. Before the addition of CO, cells were pretreated with each inhibitor of three NOS isoforms for 15 minutes. CO-stimulating effect on L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current was partially blocked by N-(3-(Amino-methyl) benzyl) acetamidine 2HCl (1400W, an iNOS inhibitor). On the other hand, 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole (BNI, a nNOS inhibitor) or $N^5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine$ dihydrochloride (L-NIO, an eNOS inhibitor) completely blocked the CO effect. These data suggest that low dose of exogenous CO may stimulate all NOS isoforms to increase L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel through nitric oxide (NO) pathway in human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells.

• 교육시설
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find problems and to provide architectural design standards of the Learning Space Unit(L.S.U.) in Elementary Schools through the Post-occupancy Evaluation(POE). In this study, we found six major problems of the type of the L.S.U. in elementary schools. More than 50% of users expressed dissatisfactions in these items : size, safety, cooling facility, noise, privacy and primary meaning for its original purpose. After the interrelation-analysis, we checked pros and cons about each forms of L.S.U. It is the result of analysis of the layout method in L.S.U. 1) "$8.4m{\times}8.4m$" classroom unit got the highest positive responses 2) "2-classroom type" and "4-classroom type" got higher score than "3-classroom type" 3) "Whole faced type" 1) made more active Multi-space than "Partial faced type" 4) prefered prepared "Open-classroom" to "Closed-classroom" 5) 'Zoning type between L.S.U.s' couldn't influence to user's responses. Designers can consult those informations when they plan a new, remodeling and additional elementary school.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

RAPD, Inter-SSR, and AFLP markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of lettuce cultivars and the phylogenetic relationships in Lactuca spp. A total of 216 polymorphic bands from seven RAPD primers, four Inter-SSR primers, and five AFLP primer combinations were used to elucidate the genetic similarity among lettuce cultivars. Forty-four lettuce accessions were subdivided into discrete branches according to plant type: crisphead, butterhead, and stem type, with some exceptions. The leafy- and cos-type accessions were intermingled in other groups with no discrete branch indicating that these are more diverse than others. Three accessions, including the Korean cultivar 'Cheongchima', the Korean local landrace 'Jinjam', and the German cultivar 'Lolla Rossa' were classified as the most diverse accessions. Twenty bands were unique in specific cultivars. Among these, three were specific in a plant type; one in Korean leafy type, one in crisphead type, and one in cos type lettuce. In the phylogenetic analysis among Lactuca species, L. saligna, L. serriola, and L. georgica clustered in a sister branch of the L. sativa complex. Two L. virosa accessions show the highest intra-specific relationships. L. perennis outlied from all the other Lactuca species at a genetic similarity of 0.53 and clustered with two Cichorium species, C. intybus and C. endivia, with genetic similarity of 0.67. The phylogenetic tree was supported by data from polymorphism of chloroplast genome which was revealed by PCR-RFLP.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1999

DC 및 LC에 대하여 증명 가능한 안전성을 제공하는 2-블록 구조를 라운드 함수의 위치에 따라 서 C(Center)-형 R(Right)형 L(Left)-형으로 구분하고 각각에 대한 고차 차분 공격 측면의 안전성을 분 석한다. 4라운드 암호화 함수인 경우 세가지 2-블록 구조는 고차 차분 공격에 대하여 동일 한 안전성을 제공한다는 사실을 증명하며 5라운드 이상의 암호화 함수에 대해서는 병렬 연산이 가능한 R-형 구조가 C-형과 l-형에 비해서 계산 효율성은 높지만 고차 차분 공격 측면의 안전성은 떨어진다는 사실을 밝힌 다. We study on the security for the block ciphers with 20block structure which have provable security against DC and LC on the view point of higher order DC, 2-block structures are classified three types according to the location of round function such as C(Center)-type R(Right)-type and L(Left)-type We prove that in the case of 4 rounds encryption function these three types provide the equal strength against higher order DC and that in the case of 5 or more rounds R-type is weaker than C-type and L-type.