• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1995

The effect of the ethanol extract from salviae miltiorrhizae radix (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on the microbial growht and the stability of the extracted antimicrobial material were investigated. The ethanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity (MIC, 3.13~50.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) against Gram-positive bacteria such as B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Among Gram-positive bacteria tested, B. subtilis was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. While the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was weak (MIC, 400~800 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) to E. coli and yeasts (C. albicans, Sacch. diastaticus). The ethanol extract had bactericidal action at higher concentration than MIC against B. subtilis, while the extract had only bacteriostatic action against S. aureus. The extracted antimicrobial substance was stable in the pH range of 4.0 to 10.0, heat treatment at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and freezing and thawing

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.84-90
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• 2000

5L laboratory-scale anaerobic digester was used to study the effects of food size and washing rate of food waste on the mixed digestion with sewage sludge. Food waste was crushed with particle diameters of 4mm and 2mm and washed two to three times, and seven to eight times before feeding the batch digester. The digester with crushed of washed food waste showed better performance than that with uncrushed of unwashed to produce methane gas of reduce volatile solids. The digester with 2mm food waste showed 17.4% higher VS/TS reduction rate and 18ml higher methane production rate per gram VS input than that with uncrushed food waste, where VS and TS are volatile solid and total solids in the liquid effluent, respectively. Also food waste crushed eight times gave 8% higher VS/TS reduction rate and 11ml higher methane production rate per gram VS input than unwashed food waste.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.276-279
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• 2001

The effect of helminthiasis on zinc metabolism was monitored using endogenous $^{65}Zn$ after intraperitoneal injection of 1 g of $^{65}Zn$ as zinc chloride. In the first experiment zinc turnover was investigated in 18 male weanling rats, which were randomly divided into 3 groups. One group was infected with 73 third stage larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis per gram body weight ; the other groups were the pair-fed and ad lib-fed controls. The route of loss of zinc was investigated in the second experiment with the same design using 18 animals with a lower dose of infection (33 larvae per gram body weight). The biological half life of endogenous $^{65}Zn$ was lower (p<0.05) in the infected group as compared to the controls. In the later phase of infection (9th to 16th day) there was reduced retention of $^{65}Zn$ and increased loss (p<0.05) of $^{65}Zn$ from the body though urine and faeces. It was concluded that infection of N. brasiliensis was accompanied by increased loss of endogenous Zn through faeces and urine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.792-796
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• 2005

Disk assays on the compounds (10 and 12) showed both to have antifungal activity against the dermatophytic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 28185, (1 and 3 mm inhibition zones at $60\;{\mu}g/disc$), but not against the Gram-positive bacterium B. subtilis or the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa or fungi Cladosporium resinae and Candida albicans. However, the compound (13) did not show against antifungal activity. The geranyloxy compounds (10, 12, and 13) were cytotoxic to P388 murine leukaemia cells ATCC CCL 46 P388D1, ($IC_50$ >6,250 ng/mL at $7.5\;{\mu}g/disc$). These results suggest that The geranyloxy compounds possesses antimicrobial and antitumor activities.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2020

The marine sponge Hyrtios sp. collected in the Philippines was extracted and partitioned. The resulting organic layer was purified by C₁₈ reversed-phase column chromatography and HPLC to achieve the separation of nine scalarane-type sesterterpenes, including one new compound with eight known scalarane analogs. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds 1-9 were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and MS data analysis. All nine compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. The compound 3 exhibited potent antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus. The compounds 7 and 9 displayed considerable activities against Bacillus subtilis and the others had moderate results.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.446-448
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• 2003

Cystocin belongs to the class of nucleoside antibiotics from Streptomyces sp. GCA0001. Cystocin showed good activity against Gram-positive bacteria, but showed less activity against the Gram-negative bacteria. Cystocin exhibited about two to four folds higher activity than puromycin. Especially, cystocin shows relatively strong activity against Streptococcus strains. Cystocin shows quite potent antitumor activity against all of the cells tested showing $IC_{50}$ values of 0.10 to 0.14 $\mu$ g/mL. This in vitro result indicates that the cytotoxocity of cystocin is two ten folds more active than puromycin s.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.638-643
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• 2003

Raw milk samples, and cow and chicken intestines were tested to isolate vancomycin-resistant, gram-positive bacteria. From these samples, we isolated seven vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus equinus, two vancomycin-resistant viridans Streptococcus and two vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. The MICs of several antibiotics, including vancomycin, against these strains were tested. Seven isolates of S. equinus showed high level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin (＞100 $\mu$ g/mL). The cell wall thickness of these strains was compared with that of the sensitive strain by TEM and no differences were obserbed between these strains. We compared the strains of vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus equinus using PCR with Microbial Uniprimer Kit. We concluded that it is necessary to combine other methods in order to cluster and identify all isolates of S. equinus.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.40.1-40.8
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR) in Gram-positive bacteria isolated from companion animals. A total of 931 clinical specimens were collected from diseased pets. The detection of mupirocin-resistant bacteria and plasmid-mediated mupirocin resistance genes were evaluated by antimicrobial susceptibility tests, polymerase chain reactions, and sequencing analysis. Four-hundred and six (43.6%) bacteria were isolated and 17 (4.2%), including 14 staphylococci and 3 Corynebacterium were high-level mupirocin-resistant (MICs, ≥ 1,024 ug/mL) harboring mupA. Six staphylococci of HLMR strains had plasmid-mediated mupA-IS257 flanking regions. The results show that HLMR bacteria could spread in veterinary medicine in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1995

This study was devised to observe the inhibitory effects of 3 kinds of petroleum ether extracts (percolation by petroleum ether) from Korean red ginseng, Chinese red ginseng and American white ginseng on a lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L which has been known as lipolytic and anorexigenic factors. Toxohormone-L was obtained by partial purification of the ascites fluid from mice which had been Inoculated with sarcoma-180. The yields of petroleum ether extract from Korean red ginseng, Chinese red ginseng and American white ginseng were 0.64, 0.47 and 0.58 and respectively, indicating that the yield of Korean red ginseng was the highest. In vitro, at the concentration of 2 mg /ml, the inhibition rate of lipolysis by the petroleum ether extract of Korean red ginseng, Chinese red ginseng and American white ginseng were 55.1, 50.0 and 44.9% respectively, and the total inhibitory activity per gram of ginseng material were 18, 12 and 13 unit respectively, indicating that the Korean red ginseng was the most effective in the inhibition of the lipolysis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.459-463
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• 2000

A 3 year-old male American Pit Bull Terrier in Kwang-Ju, Chonnam was admitted to the Teaching Animal Hospital, Chonbuk National University. He showed convulsive spasms of skeletal muscles, raised tail-head, and rigidity of rigidity. Based on these clinical sign\ulcorner tetanus was suspected Hematological test results showed and WBC value (21 ,800/$\mu$l/) with neutrophils (17.877/$\mu$l) and monocytes (1.744/$\mu$l). The blood chemical values ALT (86 IU/L) and AST (119 IU/L) were elevated. Fecal sample from the dog was cultured in anaerobic chamber. A Gram positive, drumstick shaped bacteria was isolated. The bacteria was identified as Clostridium tetani by biological and biochemical tests. The dog was hospitalized in a quiet place where the light was cut off and treated with penicillin G procaine and phenobarbital sodium. The dog made a complete recovery 25 days after treatment. This Is the first report on C. tetani infection of domestic dog in Korea.