• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.193-204
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• 2010

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the causal relationship between smoking and depression using longitudinal data. Methods: Two waves of the Korea Welfare Panel collected in 2006 and 2007 were used. The sample consisted of 14 426 in 2006 and 13 052 in 2007 who were aged 20 and older. Smoking was measured by smoking amount (none/$\geq$ two packs). Depression was defined when the summated CESD (center for epidemiological studies depression)-11 score was greater than or equal to 16. The causal relationship between smoking and depression was tested using logistic regression. In order to test the causal effect of smoking on depression, depression at year 2 was regressed on smoking status at year 1 only using the sample without depression at year 1. Likewise, smoking status at year 2 was regressed on depression at year 1 only using those who were not smoking at year 1 in order to test the causal effect of depression on smoking. The statistical package used was Stata 10.0. Sampling weights were applied to obtain the population estimation. Results: The logistic regression testing for the causal relationship between smoking and depression showed that smoking at year 1 was significantly related to depression at year 2. Smoking amounts associated with depression were different among age groups. On the other hand, the results from the logistic regression testing for the opposite direction of the relationship between smoking and depression found no significant association regardless of age group. Conclusions: The study results showed some evidence that smoking caused depression but not the other way around.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.257-265
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• 2019

The purpose of the present study was to examine the causal relationship between aggression and mobile phone dependency among high school students and to test the mediating effect of self-esteem, and to draw out implications in order to encourage proper use of mobile phone. In this paper, we proposed a research model between aggression, self-esteem and mobile phone dependency. The present study analyzed the fourth, fifth, and sixth wave data from KCYPS 2010, using the structural equation modeling. The primary results were as follows. First, the effect of high school students' aggression on mobile phone dependency was not significant. Second, high school students' aggression had a significantly negative effect on self-esteem. Third, high school students' self-esteem had a significantly positive effect on mobile phone dependency. Fourth, high school students' self-esteem could be a significant mediator between aggression and mobile phone dependency. In conclusion, theoretical and practical suggestions were discussed in order to solve the problem of adolescents' mobile phone dependency.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.364-373
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• 2021

Background: This study aims to examine the regressiveness of national health insurance (NHI) premium burdens for local subscribers. The government has established a restructuring of health insurance contributions in 2017. Therefore, insurance premium reform began in 2018 and the second national health insurance premium reform will be carried out in 2022. We will analyze local subscribers before and after the policy reform of 2018. Methods: This study used data from 'local premium imposition elements' in the health insurance statistics annual reports (2017-2019) on National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). This study was calculated contribution rates according to levels of income and property for local insured by the method of comparing. Simulations of primary and secondary reforms were conducted in the study to determine regressiveness. Results: Insurance premiums for local subscribers were analyzed separately by income and property insurance premiums. In the income premium analysis, the higher the income, the lower the premium rate, and then the fixed rate was maintained from a certain section. The regressiveness of income insurance premiums has been eased in part. On the other hand, the property insurance premium burden was found to be regressive still by income class. Conclusion: Regressiveness analysis showed that a decrease in income contributions was achieved to local insured in the first phase of reform. But in the second phase of reform, more consideration should be given to reductions of property premium portions of local subscribers. Based on the results, the author suggested policy discussions to reorganizing the new systems of NHI contribution of local Insured.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.689-697
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• 2019

This study's target is adolescents from overseas-employed families. Adolescents from overseas-employed families experience psychological and emotional problems because of long term separation from their parents. This study examined the moderating effect of self-identity between depression, anxiety, and school adaptation of adolescents from overseas-employed families in Yanbian, China. The data was collected through a survey of 285 middle school students and 167 valid questionnaires which marked as overseas-employed family, SPSS 24.0, regression analysis was performed. The results were as follows: depression and anxiety had a significant effect on the school adaptation of adolescence from overseas-employed families in Yanbian, China. Furthermore, depression, anxiety, and self-identity had significant interactions with school adaptation. In the conclusion, the researchers suggest various practical strategies based on results of the study to improve the self-identity and school adaptation of Chinese-Korean adolescents in China.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated whether the degree of anxiety, depression, stress, and ego resilience in the COVID-19 epidemic situation could affect the quality of life of college students and analyzed the correlation between them. In addition, the causal relationship and mediating effect on ego resilience, stress and quality of life were analyzed and necessary countermeasures were proposed. As a result of analyzing the correlation between each variable, it was found that anxiety, depression, stress, quality of life, and self-resilience all had significant correlations. In particular, stress was found to play a complete mediating role in the effect of ego resilience on quality of life. It is expected that this study will be used as a basis for research on the effect of stress and self-resilience on the improvement of quality of life in the Corona situation.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.203-223
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• 2018

This study examined the validity and the reliability of the perceived elderly stigma scale. Moreover, we investigated the relationships between the perceived elderly stigma and demographic factors (age, gender, education, and income). The initial scale consisted of 5 factors (ability, personality, appearance, authoritarian dependency, and child-obsession) and 28 items. In order to test the validity and the reliability of the scale, this study conducted a survey with 693 adults aged 18 to 65. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the scale was modified to 5 factors (ability, personality, appearance, authoritarian dependency, and child-obsession) and 15 items and its convergent validity and discriminant validity were confirmed. In terms of the relationships between the perceived elderly stigma and demographic factors, age had a negative relationship with the "ability" stigma, and education was a negatively associated with the "appearance" stigma.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.160-171
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• 2019

Background: This study purposed to compare the difference on medical utilization and health expenditure of baby boomer generation by depression between gender. Methods: Korea Welfare Panel Survey 2016, provided by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, was used for the analysis. For the research, we used the two-part model, yes or no of use (part 1), and frequency of use (part 2) for medical utilization. The dependent variables are the whether or not to use of hospitalization services, outpatient services, length of stay, outpatient service visits, and health expenditure. And the independent variables are used as the predisposing (education, spouse presence), enabling (insurance type, private insurance, economic activity, income), and need (chronic disease, self-rated health, disability) factors in the Andersen behavior model. Depression was used as intervening variables. Structural equation model and multiple group analysis by gender were used. Results: There were differences in the medical care usage and cost between men and women in baby boomer. For men, mediating effects of depression were present at the hospitalization (yes/no), length of stay, and health expenditure. On the other hand, for women, the mediating effect of depression was found only at the outpatient visits. Specially, depression was working at the medical services by the different way between gender. The size of effect (multiple group analysis) was affected by significant differences between men and women. Conclusion: This study found that the mediating effect of depression is increased medical usage and health expenditure and the effect factors are different by gender. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a medical care policy considering the socio-economic characteristics of baby boomers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.181-188
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• 2021

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the causal relationship between school life adjustment and life satisfaction among adolescents through longitudinal panel data. The current study analyzed the 1st through 7th wave data in the 4th grade panel of elementary school from the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). The research model was tested using auto-regressive cross-lagged model. The major results were as follows. First, adolescents' school life adjustment had a positive auto-regressive effect. Second, adolescents' life satisfaction had a positive auto-regressive effect. Third, adolescents' school life adjustment was a causal predictor of life satisfaction, but not vice versa. Finally, implications in terms of enhancing adolescents' school life adjustment and life satisfaction were also discussed.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2019

The aim of this article is to introduce articles of the special issue on 'Revitalization Conditions on Crisis on Industrial Regions: Experience from Europe and the Republic of Korea, and to explore policy alternatives to crisis on industrial regions on the basis of policy diagnoses and prescriptions. In the existing research, diagnoses of such Korean regions are quantitatively focused upon industry, employment, plant, consumption, investment, real estate, and labour market, and are qualitatively based upon external environment and functional, structural and spatial characteristics. Prescriptions of such regions emphasize the establishment of a law and an institutional fix, financial supports, jobs' creation, industrial diversification, the intensification of urban foundation throughout the urban revitalizaion. In the policy development for these regions, it is required to link the industrial sector to social, educational, political and welfare sectors, and furthermore the collaboration of inter- and intra-ministry and the active participation of provincial and local governments are needed.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1227-1248
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• 2008

In this study, death preparation was used as an independent variable, with ego integrity as successful aging used as a dependent variable while depression and death anxiety were used as mediate variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of the study variables according to the demographic characteristics of the research subjects, and to create a database for developing and improving current educational programs and welfare services to help the elderly achieve successful aging. Two hundred and eighty three elderly people above the age of sixty in Cheongju city were given standardized questionnaires, and the collected data were analyzed. The results of this study are the following. First, the differences of the study variables according to the level of education, health, economy, and social involvement of the elderly are statistically significant. Second, there exists a positive relationship between mental preparation for death and ego integrity (successful aging) while there is no such relation in case of formal preparation for death and ego integrity. Third, depression and death anxiety of the elderly partially mediate ego integrity, which leads to successful aging.