• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제24권1_2호
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• pp.105-126
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to construct several parametric duality models and prove appropriate duality results under various generalized (${\theta},{\eta},{\rho}$)-V-invexity assumptions for a discrete minmax fractional programming problem involving arbitrary norms.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.207-220
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• 1999

This study was attempted to find out the practice in norms of community by parent influence on home education. The sample were obtained from 945 parents in Seoul. The major findings were as follow; 1) level of the practice in norms of community by parent were insufficient. implementing and evaluating of home education 3) the practice in norms of community by parent have a more significant effect on the evaluating than planning and implementing of home education.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제23권1_2호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fairly large number of sets of global parametric sufficient optimality conditions under various generalized $({\theta},\;{\eta},\;{\rho})-V-invexity$ assumptions for a discrete minmax fractional programming problem involving arbitrary norms.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2021

Purpose - Although Korean food export has been increasing, they will stagnate without markets. This study considers Korean halal food exports to Indonesia and Malaysia, which are two of the largest halal food markets. Given the context, this study aims to predict Indonesian and Malaysian consumers' purchase intention toward Korean halal food through their acceptance of and feeling toward Korea's image. Design/methodology - This study surveyed Indonesian and Malaysian consumers who purchased Korean halal food in the past year. The survey data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences 21.0 and the analysis of moment structures 21.0. Findings - The analysis reveals that the feeling toward Korea's image and its food image significantly impacted attitudes and subjective norms, while the acceptance of Korea's image significantly impacted only subjective norms. Attitude showed no significant effect on purchase intention, whereas subjective norms exhibited a significant effect on purchase intention. The image feeling had a greater impact on attitudes in Indonesia than those in Malaysia, whereas image acceptance showed a greater influence on subjective norms in Malaysia than those in Indonesia. Originality/value - This study considers the difference between Indonesian and Malaysian consumers in relation to their acceptance of and feeling toward Korea's image and its halal food image. These findings on Korea's image can play a key role in establishing Korea's food export strategy and have strategic implications on Korean companies aiming to enter the halal food market or increase their market share.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

In the present paper, we observe a relation between fuzzy norms and induced crisp norms on a linear space. We first prove that if $\rho_1,\;\rho_2$ are equivalent fuzzy norms on a linear space, then for every $\varepsilon\in(0.1)$, the induced crisp norms $P_\varepsilon^1,\;and\;P_\varepsilon^2$, respectively are equivalent. Since the converse does not hold, we prove it under some strict conditions. And consider the following theorem proved in [8]: Let $\rho$ be a lower semicontinuous fuzzy norm on a normed linear space X, and have the bounded support. Then $\rho$ is equivalent to the fuzzy norm $\chi_B$ where B is the closed unit ball of X. The lower semi-continuity of $\rho$ is an essential condition which guarantees the continuity of $P_\varepsilon$, where 0 < e < 1. As the last result, we prove that : if $\rho$ is a fuzzy norm on a finite dimensional vector space, then $\rho$ is equivalent to $\chi_B$ if and only if the support of $\rho$ is bounded.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.185-212
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• 2013

In this paper, a conceptual model of legal culture based on Ehrlich's "living law" theory and Cole's social-cultural explanation can explain the low utilization rates of arbitration of Japan and the high utilization rates of arbitration in the United States, simultaneously. This model highlights the clash between social norms and legal provisions in Japan. Japan has developed a two-tiered system of dispute resolution. At the official level, Japanese people accept the legal system imposed by the outside world. But, at a deeper level, they utilize diverse forms of informal dispute resolution mechanisms, such as reconcilement and conciliation, reflecting their own social norms. In contrast, there is no conflict between social norms and legal provisions in United States. This study may show that there are distinctions between American-style arbitration and Japanese-style arbitration, reflecting their own respective social norms. The question of reconciliation between the American style of arbitration and the Japanese style of arbitration can be resolved by an international arbitrator.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of behavior attitude and subjective norm on food festival behavior intention of married women living in Ulsan area. The data were analyed with PASW 18.0 using reliability analysis, frequency analysis, paired T-test, T-test, correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, First, married women had a slightly higher passive behavior intention than aggressive behavior intentions on food festivals. Second, the more the experience of past food festivals, the higher the economic level, the higher the housewife's housewives, the higher the food festival behavior intention. Third, the behavioral intention of food festival increased with higher behavioral attitude and subjective norms. Fourth, subjective norms were the most influential variable for the behavioral intention of married women. Next, the behavior attitude for food festival was found.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.105-132
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• 2006

본 논문의 주된 연구목적은 기존연구에서 거의 고려되지 않았던 산업재 구매시장에서의 물류환경특성과 물류자원역량이 관계규범과 물류서비스를 통하여 물류성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 제안한 연구가설들을 검정하기 위하여 H중공업 및 HSD엔진의 구매부, 자재관리부, 수출입관리부, 외주관리부, 수입검사부 등의 물류관련부서에 종사하는 핵심 응답자로부터 272부의 설문지를 수집하여 자료분석에 이용하였다. 구조방정식 모형 분석을 통해 알아낸 분석 결과를 연구주제별로 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 산업재구매에서 환경의 역동성, 이질성 등의 물류환경 불확실성은 기대와는 다르게 가용성, 적시성 등의 물류서비스와 정보교환, 유연성 등의 관계규범에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 물류자원역량은 구성요인의 특성에 따라 효과가 다르게 나타났다. LIS 등의 물류정보화는 직접적으로 물류서비스에 영향을 미치지 못하고 관계규범을 통하여 간접적으로 물류서비스에 유의한 영향을 주었고 반면에 물류 거래특유투자, 수송서비스 능력 등의 물류자원은 관계규범에는 영향을 주지 못하고 직접적으로 물류서비스에 유의한 영향을 미치었다. 셋째, 거래당사자간의 합의된 관계규범은 물류서비스를 유의하게 높이는 것으로 나타났으나 물류비용절감, 배송의 질 등의 물류성과의 제고에는 별다른 효과를 나타내지 못하였다. 넷째, 많은 선행연구들의 결과와 일치하게 장기적 관계를 기반으로 하는 산업재구매자와 자재공급업자의 거래에서 관계규범을 바탕으로 한 우수한 물류서비스는 리드타임 일관성, 배송품질 향상 등의 물류성과에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 마지막으로, 본 논문에서 밝혀진 물류환경, 물류정보화, 물류자원, 관계규범, 물류서비스 및 물류성과 간의 연관관계에 대한 분석결과들은 산업재 구매자들에게 이론에 근거한 전략적 물류관리 실천방안으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore perceived meanings of dating and marriage among well-educated Korean couples who were in optimal marriageable ages. Particularly, an emphasis was placed on finding out where the traditional gender norms and post-modern contexts intersect on the couples' course of dating and marriage. Method: We undertook a qualitative analysis of 8 couples (age: 26-34) dating. Participants were limited to university graduates of upper-middle rank universities in Seoul, South Korea. The rationale for choosing such sample was based on the idea that characteristics of class is inherent in the act of dating and marriage, and that such characteristics lead to different contextual experiences in dating and marriage. This study was based on interviews conducted over a three-month time span. The interviews were first transcribed into research text and then subjects and key categories were drawn from the transcripts for analysis. Results: Participants sought meanings of joy, learning, and self-improvement in dating, and they were free from traditional gender norms in their romantic relationships. They viewed marriage as having a permanent companionship with their partner, becoming independent from their parents, and/or a social norm to be followed. Participants reported mixed perceptions about marriage in such fashion that they described their parents' relationship in terms of a gendered leader-supporter relationship, while viewing their own relationship as being genderless partners. In transition to parenthood, however, they regressed to traditional gender norms dichotomized as women being a homemaker and men being a breadwinner. In sum, participants displayed expectations that were inconsistent with regard to dating and marriage over the study period. That is, during the course of dating and early marriage, they did not hold separated gender norms; however, when transitioning from being a newly married couple to giving their first childbirth, expectations shifted to traditional gender norms and values. Conclusion: This suggests that it is not marriage, but the experience of childbirth and motherhood, which strengthen traditional gendered norms, engendering regeneration of the gender norms in families. The results indicate that there is a need to promote co-parenting behavior among the newly-married couples and to educate gender equality about parent roles or for parents in South Korea so that they can overcome traditional gendered norms in family.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.317-327
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• 1998

본 연구는 Schwartz의 규범활성화이론을 산림휴양지에서의 쓰레기투기 행동에 적용하여 본 것으로 쓰레기투기 행동의 1)미적, 2)미적+생태적, 3)미적+생태적+경제적, 4)미적+생태적+경제적+교육적 결과에 대한 내용을 포함하는 각기 다른 설득메시지가 휴양객의 쓰레기투기의 결과에 대한 인지도, 쓰레기투기에 대한 개인규범과 행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 본 연구를 위한 데이터는 1996년 8월중 지리산 국립공원의 북부관리소지역에 위치한 제 2야영장에서 수집되었으며, 총177부중 144부(85%)가 본 연구를 위하여 이용되었다. 더불어, 휴양객의 쓰레기투기 행동에 대한 규범의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 1994년에 같은 장소에서 수집된 데이터를 부분적으로 이용하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 다른 내용을 포함한 설득메시지(미적, 미적+생태적, 미적+생태적+경제적, 미적+생태적+경제적+교육적)의 제공은 쓰레기투기 행동의 결과에 대한 인지도, 개인규범 또는 쓰레기투기 행동의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 쓰레기투기 행동의 결과에 대한 인지도가 높은 응답자는 낮은 응답자에 비하여 쓰레기를 지정된 장소가 아닌 곳에 함부로 버리지 않아야 한다는 개인규범의 강도가 높게 나타났다. 또한, 쓰레기투기 행동의 결과에 대한 인지도가 높은 응답자 또는 개인규범의 강도가 높은 응답자는 낮은 응답자에 비하여 쓰레기를 지정된 장소이외의 곳에 함부로 버리지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 1994년과 1996년 사이에 제 2야영장을 이용한 휴양객들의 쓰레기투기 행동에 대한 개인규범의 강도에는 변화가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과에 대한 토의와 더불어 몇 가지 관리방안을 제시하였다.