• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2005

Results of meat quality, physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid and amino acid composition of the Korean Native Black Pig(70 and 90 kg of slaughter weight; KNBP) versus Landrace(110kg of slaughter) are as below. Compared with Landrace, the KNBP exhibited a greater lean meat yield, with no difference in backfat thickness between Landrace and KNBP. There were no difference in chemical composition between Landrace and KNBP, but pH, and cooking loss in the KNBP were superior value than those of the Landrace. These results, KNBP were affected in sensory property and cooking yield. Amino acid content of KNBP and Landrace were significant differences between Landrace and KNBP. Except for the methionine, essential amino acid contents of KNBP had significantly higher than those of Landrace. In the change of fatty acid composition, the Landrace had significantly higher percentages of palmitic(l6: 0), stearic(18: 0) and linolenic(18: 3) acids than that of KNBP, but linoleic acid(l8: 2) was decreased.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1078-1087
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• 2018

Objective: The genetic diversity of the Landrace population, a representative maternal pig breed in Korea, is important for genetic improvement. Previously, the effective population size (Ne) has been used to infer the genetic diversity of a population of interest. In this study, we aimed to use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to characterize linkage disequilibrium (LD) and the Ne of the Korean Landrace population. Methods: We genotyped 1,128 Landrace individuals from three representative Korean major grand-grand-parent (GGP) farms using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 version2 BeadChip, which covers >61,565 SNPs located across all autosomes and mitochondrial and sex chromosomes. We estimated the expected LD and current Ne, as well as ancestral Ne. Results: In the Korean Landrace population, the mean LD ($r^2$) of 3.698 million SNP pairs was $0.135{\pm}0.204$. The mean $r^2$ decreased slowly with as the distance between SNPs increased, and remained constant beyond 3 Mb. According to the $r^2$ calculations, 8,085 of 3.698 million SNP pairs were in complete LD. The current Ne (${\pm}$standard deviation) of the Korean Landrace population is approximately 92.27 [79.46; 105.07] individuals. The ancestral Ne exhibited a slow and steady decline from 186.61 to 92.27 over the past 100 generations. Additionally, we observed more a rapid Ne decrease from the past 20 to 10 generations ago, compared with other intervals. Conclusion: We have presented an overview of LD and the current and ancestral Ne values in the Korean Landrace population. The mean LD and current Ne for the Korean Landrace population confirm the genetic diversity and reflect the history of this pig population in Korea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2001

Comparisons in physicochemical characteristics of longissimus muscle between the Korean native pig(KNP: 75kg of slaughter weight and 240 days of age) versus Landrace(110kg of slaughter weight and 180 days of age) are as below. Compared with Landrace, KNP had a greater drip loss resulting from a lower muscle pH and water holding capacity, greater L*(lightness), a*(redness) and b*(yellowness) values in muscle color, and a greater L* value and smaller a* and b* values in attached backfat color. Tenderness were greater in the Korean native pig. Moreover, KNP had a greater number of muscle fibers and a smaller diameter of the fiber when examined by scanning electron microscopy. In sum, the Korean native pig, compared with Landrace, had a greater redness in meat color, a greater whiteness in fat color; the lower WHC and greater tenderness of the former apparently resulted from the lower slaughter weight rather than from a species difference.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of imported pellet frozen semen on sperm motility and NAR acrosomes after thawing, and the farrowing rates, litter sizes and preweaning body weights after artificial insemination. A total of 28 sows of Landrace, Large White and Duroc were inseminated at the Chungnam Provincial Animal Breeding Station. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Landrace andLarge White had higher sperm motility than Duroc by about 20% and had higher NAR acrosomes by about 10%. 2. The farrowing rates of Landrace, Large White and Duroc were 63.6, 55.6 adn 50.0%, respectively. The number of pigs born alive per litter were larger in Landrace and Large White as compared with Duroc (p<.01). 3. Duroc had the highest mean pig weight at birth, followed by Landrace and Large White (p<.01). The mean pig weights at 21 days and 56 days had no significant differences between the breeds.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine effects of mating type on the growth traits in an $F_2$ population produced by reciprocal intercrosses between Landrace and the Jeju Native Black pig (JBP). The $F_2$ progeny were produced by two different mating types based on the grand dams of founder breeds JBP (Cross_1) and Landrace (Cross_2). The body weights at 21 days after birth (BW21D) was significantly different between Cross_1 and Cross_2 (P<0.05), showing that the BW21D of Cross_1 has about 0.25 kg heavier than Cross_2. The significant differences were found between males and females for the growth traits including the body weights (BWB, BW21D, BW70D and BW140D) and average daily gains (ADG, eADG and lADG) (P<0.05). Males were heavier BWB, BW21D and BW140D levels, and higher ADG and lADG levels than females. On the other hand, females had heavier BW70D and higher eADG levels than those of males. When considering the mating types and sex simultaneously the Cross_2 males had the heaviest BW140D among the combinations of cross and sex. In conclusion, it is desirable to choose Landrace as grand dams in the reciprocal intercrosses between Landrace and JBP for producing their progeny construction and to plan the production of $F_2$ males for industrial purposes. These results suggested that it may be one of useful strategies to improve the productivity through out selection of the mating type of founder breeds and the progeny sex, especially in Landrace, JBP and their related populations.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2001

Comparisons between the Korean native pig(KNP: 75kg of slaughter weight and 240 days of age) versus Landrace(110kg of slaughter and 180 days of age) in dressing and lean meat percentages, compositions of fatty acids and amino acids and sensory evaluations on longissimus muscle are as below. Compared with Landrace, KNP had smaller percentages in dressing and lean meat percentages and a smaller backfat thickness. In retail cuts, KNP had greater percentages in shoulder butt, belly and picnic shoulder and smaller percentages in spareribs, ham and loin muscle. The KNP had greater percentages in crude fat, palmitic(C16:0) and linolenic(C18:3) acids and smaller percentages in oleic(C18:1) and linoleic(C18:2) acids, but total cholesterol content and ratios of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids did not differ between the two breeds. In amino acid composition, KNP had a greater percentage in lysine, but smaller percentages in most other amino acids. The KNP had a greater a*(redness) value in longissimus muscle(LM) color and a greater L*(whiteness) value in attached backfat color. Moreover, sensory evaluations on cooked LM showed that KNP had greater flavor, tenderness and springiness, which resulted in a greater overall acceptability. In summary, KNP, compared with Landrace, had smaller dressing and lean meat percentages, a smaller backfat thickness, greater percentages in popular retail cuts, greater percentages in intramuscular fat and an $\omega$-3 component linolenic acid, with no difference in cholesterol content, which, altogether, is considered to be more beneficial for human health.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

This study was carried out to get a fundamental information for improvement of reproductive performance in gilt. We investigated the effects of breeds on body weight, age, body length, wither's height, girth and backfat thickness, and the serum concentrations of estradiol-17${\beta}$, cortisol and progesterone at first estrus and mating of gilts. A total of 47 gilts of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, produced at Livestock Experiment Station, Chungnam livestock sanitation research institute from 2000 through 2002, were used for this experiment. Body weight, age and girth of Duroc at frist estrus and mating were higher than those of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on body length among the three breeds at frist and mating. Wither's height of Duroc and Yorkshire at first estrus and mating was higher than that of Landrace. Backfat thickness of Yorkshire was thinnest among the three breeds at first estrus, but there were no differences on backfat thickness among the three breeds at first mating. Serum estradiol-17${\beta}$ concentration of Landrace(45.0 pg/ml) at first estrus was higher than that of Yorkshire(27.4 pg/ml) and Duroc(21.8 pg/ml), but there were no differences on estradiol-17${\beta}$ concentration (from 18.5 to 31.9 pg/ml) among the three breeds at first mating. Serum cortisol concentration of Duroc at first esturs and mating was higher than that of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on serum progesterone concentration among the three breeds at first estrus and mating of gilt.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate PSS (Porcine Stress Syndrome) with the PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) in 319 different pigs(Yorkshire 150; Landrace 89 and Duroc 80). The PCR-RFLP method was adapted to detect the ryanodine receptor (RYR 1) gene mutation and to estimate the genotype frequency of the RYR1 gene in breeding pig population. The DNA samples were collected from hair follicles of pigs of Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc. After DNA amplification by PCR, the PCR products were digested by restriction enzyme, Cfo I. Primary PCR products of ryanodine receptor gene were length of 659 bp in hair follicle and their second PCR products were length of 522 bp in hair follicle. The exon region (522 bp) including point mutation ($C \arrow T; Arg \arrow Cys$) in the porcine ryanodine receptor gene, which is a causal mutation for PSS, was digested with Cfo I restriction enzyme. The RYR1 gene was classifed into three genotypes by agarose gel electrophoresis. The normal homozygous (NN) individuals showed two DNA fragments consisted of 439 and 83 bp. The mutant homozygous (nn) individuals showed only one DNA fragment 522 bp. In addition, all three fragments (522, 439 and 83 bp) were showed in heterozygous (Nn) carrier animals. The normal homozygous (NN), heterozygous (Nn) and mutant homozygous (nn) were 98.00, 2.00 and 0.00% in Yorkshire pigs, 87.64, 11.24 and 1.12% in Landrace, 100.00, 0.00 and 0.00% in Duroc, respectively. The gene frequencies of N and n were 0.990 and 0.010 in Yorkshire pigs, 0.933 and 0.067 in Landrace, 1.000 and 0.000 in Duroc, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.762-772
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity using SSR marker and investigate the fatty acid composition of perilla (P. frutescens var. frutescens) germplasm. Genetic diversity among 95 accessions, which consisted of 29 weedy types and 66 landrace accessions, was evaluated based on 12 SSR markers carrying 91 alleles. The mean values of observed ($H_O$) and expected heterozygosities ($H_E$) were 0.574 and 0.640, respectively, indicating a considerable amount of polymorphism within this collection. A genetic distance-based phylogeny grouped into two distinct groups, which were the landrace, moderate and weedy type, genetic distance (GD) value was 0.609. The physicochemical traits about crude oil contents and fatty acid compositions were analyzed using GC. Among tested germplasm, the total average oil contents (%) showed a range from 28.57 to 49.67 %. Five fatty acids and their contents in the crude oils are as follows: ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (41.12%-51.81%), linoleic acid (15.38%-16.43%), oleic acid (18.93%-27.28%), stearic acid (2.56%-4.01%), and palmitic acid (7.38%-10.77%). The average oil content of wild types was lower than landrace, and the oil content of middle genotype accessions was higher than other germplasm, but no significant variation between landrace and wild types was shown. Nevertheless, IT117174, landrace of Korea, was highest in crude oil content (47.11%) and linolenic acid composition (64.58%) among the used germplasm. These traits of the selected accessions will be helped for new functional plant breeding in perilla crop.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2018

Although pork quality traits are important commercially, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have not well considered Landrace and Yorkshire pigs worldwide. Landrace and Yorkshire pigs are important pork-providing breeds. Although quantitative trait loci of pigs are well-developed, significant genes in GWASs of pigs in Korea must be studied. Through a GWAS using the PLINK program, study of the significant genes in Korean pigs was performed. We conducted a GWAS and surveyed the gene ontology (GO) terms associated with the backfat thickness (BF) trait of these pigs. We included the breed information (Yorkshire and Landrace pigs) as a covariate. The significant genes after false discovery rate (<0.01) correction were AFG1L, SCAI, RIMS1, and SPDEF. The major GO terms for the top 5% of genes were related to neuronal genes, cell morphogenesis and actin cytoskeleton organization. The neuronal genes were previously reported as being associated with backfat thickness. However, the genes in our results were novel, and they included ZNF280D, BAIAP2, LRTM2, GABRA5, PCDH15, HERC1, DTNBP1, SLIT2, TRAPPC9, NGFR, APBB2, RBPJ, and ABL2. These novel genes might have roles in important cellular and physiological functions related to BF accumulation. The genes related to cell morphogenesis were NOX4, MKLN1, ZNF280D, BAIAP2, DNAAF1, LRTM2, PCDH15, NGFR, RBPJ, MYH9, APBB2, DTNBP1, TRIM62, and SLIT2. The genes that belonged to actin cytoskeleton organization were MKLN1, BAIAP2, PCDH15, BCAS3, MYH9, DTNBP1, ABL2, ADD2, and SLIT2.