• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.43-52
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• 2007

This study analyzes the characteristics of creep deformation behavior of weathered granite soils used in road embankments. The creep strain under the unconfined compressive state demonstrated an excellent agreement with the theoretical analysis of the burgers substance. The elastic deformation showed a termination in its characteristics after a long-term period owing to the increase in applied loads. The primary creep strain was 0.0028 and concluded that the deformation completed within $3{\sim}5$ days after applying the loads. Also, the completing time of creep deformation in the embankment soils increased in proportion to the height of embankment soils. The secondary creep strain is about 50% of the primary creep strain.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.74-75
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• 2008

This study is for geochemical relationships between ginsengs and soils from three representative soil types from Keumsan, shale, phyllite and granite. For these study, ginsengs, with the field and weathered soils were collected from the three regions, and are analysed for the major and trace elements. In the weathered soils(avg.), the granite and phyllite areas are high in the most of elements while the shale area is low. In the correlation coefficients, negative correlations are shown in the $Al_2O_3$-MgO pair while positive correlations, are shown in the Ba-Sr, Zr, Sr-Zr and Cs-Ge pairs. In the field soils(avg.), the granite and phyllite areas are, generally, high in the most of elements while the shale area is low. In the shale area, the major elements are high in the 4 year soils, but low in the 2 year soils. The LFS(Ba, Sr, Cs) and transitional elements are high in the 2 year soils, but low in the 4 year soils. The HFS(Y, Zr) is high in the 4 year soils. In the correlation coefficients, most of the elements from the 4 year show positive relationships. Positive correlations are shown in the $Al_2O_3$-CaO, MnO-MgO, V-Tl, and Ba-Sr pairs in all localities. In the ginseng contents, clear chemical differences with the ages are shown in the shale and granite ares, but not clear in the phyllite area. In the shale area Mn, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Y contents, increase with ages but decrease in Al, Cs, Be and Cd. In the correlation coefficients, degrees of the correlations for the major elements become low with the ages. Positive correlations are shown in the Al-Mn, Ti, Mn-Ti, Mg-Ca, Ca-K, Ba-Cs, Y and Cs-Y pairs. Comparisons with ginsengs of the same ages from the different areas suggest that generally, the 2 years in the shale and 3 and 4 years in the granite area are distinctive. Relative ratios(granite/ shale area) of the ginsengs are below 1 in the major elements except Mn in the 2 year ginsengs and above 1 in the other elements except Mg and Na in the 4 year. Relative ratios(granite/ phyllite area) of the ginsengs are high in the 3 year from the phyllite area. In the relative ratios(weathered/field soils) of the soils, numbers of the elements showing the ratios of above 1 increase from the shale, to phyllite and granite in the case of the major elements, but decrease in the case of the trace elements. These results suggest that major elements are high in the granite while trace elements are high in the shale area. In the relative ratios between field soils and ginsengs(field soils/ginseng), the shale area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y and Tl, of several ten times in the MnO, MgO and Ba and of several times in the CaO contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y and Tl, but similar in the CaO contents. The phyllite area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y, Tl and Be, of several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $Na_2O$ and Ba, and of several times to ten times in the CaO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from those of the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y, Tl and Be, but similar in the CaO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. The granite area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Tl and Be, of several ten times in the Ba, and of several times to ten times in the MgO and CaO contents. Of the other elements, differences of several times to ten times are shown in the MnO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from those of the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Tl and Be, but similar in the $K_2O$ and Sr contents. Comparisons among the different ages from the same area suggest that, in the case of shale area, differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$, of the several ten times in the MnO, MgO and Ba and several times in the CaO and $K_2O$ are shown in the 2 year ginsengs. Differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs, Y, Tl and Be, of above several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $K_2O$ and Ba, and of several times in the CaO and Sr are shown in the 3 year ginsengs. Differences of several hundred to thousand times in the $Al_2O_3$, of above several hundred times in the $TiO_2$, Cs and Y, and of several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $K_2O$ and Ba, and of several times in the $Na_2O$ are shown in the 4 year ginsengs. These relationships suggest that, regardless of the localities in the shale area, $Al_2O_3$ contents of the soils show big differences from those of the ginsengs. Regardless of the ages of ginsengs, comparisons with the overall average contents of each area show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs and Tl and of several ten times in the MnO. These overall relationships suggest that the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs and Tl contents of the soils are higher than those of the ginsengs, show big differences between two and low different contents are found in the MnO. In detail, differences of several hundred times in the Y, and ten times in the MgO and Sr, and of several times in the CaO, $Na_2O$, $K_2O$ in the case of shale area, are shown. These results suggest that the soils are higher than the ginsengs in the Y and significantly differences in Y, and moderately differences in the MgO and Sr, and low differences in the CaO, $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$ are shown between soils and ginsengs.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.193-205
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• 2003

Fine grained granite, porphyritic granite and biotite granite together with intruded and extruded andesitic rocks are distributed in the study area which is bounded by the Yangsan and Dongrae faults. A new domestic road is being constructed along the area between the two major faults. The NNE trending Bupki fault and NE trending Myungkog fault are also developed within the area cross the road. The sheeting joints with dips of less than 30 degrees are only developed in the area of granite outcrop. High angle joints can be divided into 3 sets, such as, NE trending, NW trending and nearly EW trending joints. The joint space is mostly more than 20cm and the joint compressive strength is more than 100 MPa. These data show that even though the study area is situated between large faults, the ground condition is good because the damage zone of the Yangsan and Dongrae faults is relatively narrow.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.23-35
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• 2003

This study is to clarify the comparative relationship and a mechanical anisotropy of rock on the subject of granite distributed in the Namwon area Uniaxial compressive and Brazilian strengths with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes of granite are shown the linear relation. In the case of the result of the p-wave velocity measurement. it is represented that the velocity of vortical direction is faster about 10 to 15% than other two horizontal directions. The difference between velocities is caused by a developmental pattern of microcracks distributed in rock. Moreover, this result is very consistent with the result investigated through thin sections. The proportion of uniaxial compression strength to Index of point load strength ($Is_{(50)}$) is 18~20 times in case of granite. Uniaxial compressive strength is relatively good relationship with point load strength, Schmidt hammer rebound value, and tensile strength point load strength of them is the best comparative relationship. It is indicated that point load test is the most useful tool to estimate uniaxial compressive strength, comparing with other experimental methods.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.147-168
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• 2004

Purpose of this study is to quantitatively characterize the fracture roughness which was measured with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The roughness discrete data measured by confocal laser microscope were analyzed by spectral analysis and fast Fourier transform (FFT).The roughness data by used noise reduction filter were applied for fractal analysis to describe roughness features quantitatively. Artificial fractures created by Brazilian test on granites were used to measure fracture roughness under the confocal laser scanning microscope. Measurements were performed along three scan lines on each fracture surface. 36 scan lines were determined on 12 specimens in total. Features of roughness showed that coarse and medium grained granites tend to more rough features than those of fine grained granites. Continuous analog data of roughness is possible to described as discrete data of measure roughness with a fixed interval under the confocal laser microscope. Results of FFT with the measured data showed the highest values on the second harmonics. Distribution of average amplitude of second harmonics was observed 0.9853 in coarse grained granite, 1.0792 in medium grained granite and 0.6794 in fine grained granite. This indicates that the larger roughness has the higher energy of harmonics as the result of fractal analysis in low frequency zone.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.709-719
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• 2012

Prospection was performed on the tin mineralized belt in Mwanza and Kongolo areas of Katanga, DR Congo. Most of deposits in Katanga areas are related to the granites which are located in Kibaran belt in NE and SW trends of mid Proterozoic. Metasedimentary rocks in the Kibaran belt are intruded by granites, and tin, niobium and tantalum deposits are especially developed along with tin-granite. Cassiterite, coltan and gold are developed in the pegmatite, quartz vein and greisen in related to the tin-granite in Mwanza and Katanga areas, and they are exploited by artisan in the smale scale. And we conducted the works with the alluviums and stream sediments in the case of no outcrops. With the results of analysis of samples, we will choose a few potential mineralized zones and con-tinue to prosepect precisely.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 2008

The purposes of this study are to understand characteristic water-rock interaction mechanisms of groundwater in the granite area of Geochang and Hapcheon areas, Gyeongnam-do and to clarify the origin of fluoride. The possible water-rock interaction process and the source of fluorine were studied using water chemistry, rock chemistry, mineralogy by XRD, and microtexture analysis by backscattered electron image of the electron microprobe. No clear relationships between F and hardness was found. But the fluorine content increases to some extent with pH and well depth. Preferential alteration due to water-rock interaction took place along edges or cleavage, or margins of biotite. Because biotite is highly subject to alteration in granite aquifer, fluorine in groundwater is originated from the leaching of biotite.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.115-130
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• 1996

The definition of laterite or lateritic soils is discussed on a climatic condition of tropical and semitropical regions, and the weathering index is indicated by the chemical composition. The chemical composition of$(Fe_2O_3+Al_2O_3)$ of the weathered granite residual soils in tropical and the temperate regions which shelus laterization usually ranges from 0.2 to 0.5. This study shows that the chemical ratio of the Chonju Ajung site is about 0.2U, and that of the regions along the shore of the western sea of Hongsong and Taechon is about 0.33. The chemical ratio of the non-laterite is less than 0.2, and the Kyougju Pulguksa site confirmed about 0.17, The X-Ray diffraction test shows that the clay mineral of the laterite soils is made of kaolinite, this X -Ray result indicates the same characteristics compared with the wrathered granite residual soils of other sites.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 1997

Precambrian metapelites and metapsammites of the Jinan-Osu area (so-called Seologri and Yongamsan Formation) consist of black slate, phyllite, mica schist, quartzite and rarely calc schist. They are intruded by Sunkagsan granite gneiss, Foliated granodiorite, Amphibolite, Sunchang foliated granite and Namwon granite. Mylonite texture, crenulation cleavage and minor shear zone are common. The meta-sedimentary rocks include various rock-fragments xenoliths in size (up to 3 cm) and rock-type. They have various porphyroblastic spots in size (up to 1 cm) and their mineral composition is different. The xenoliths are schists, granite and quartzite, which are rectangular or lens form and recrystallized muscovite, chlorite and quartz. Spots are andalusite and biotite aggregates extensively replaced by chlorite. The metamorphic terrain is divided into three zones of progressive metamorphism on the basis of mineral assemblage. They are chlorite zone, chloite-biotite zone and andalusite-biotite zone ascending order, from west to east approximately. Isograd reactions are phengitic muscovite + chlorite = less phengitic muscovite + biotite + quartz + $H_2O$ and muscovite + chlorite + quartz = andalusite + biotite + $H_2O$ between the chlorite zone and chlorite-biotite zone, and between the chloritebiotite zone and andalusite-biotite zone, respectively. Sample B6 (exposed near the Obong-ri) includes staurolites and greenish biotites, that is different in mineral assemblage and chemical composition from the meta-sedimentary rocks. Sample A12 (exposed near the Shinam-ri) has greenish white spots (up to 1 cm in diameter) mainly composed of Kfeldspar, quartz and sillimanite replaced by muscovite.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1996

A series of shear tests is performed to measure friction coefficients of the interface between different reinforcements and weathered granite soils. The reinforcements tested are smooth steel strip, Paraweb(friction tie) and geotextile with rough surface, while the weathered granite soils are composed of different, grain size distribution. Soils are compacted with the energy of 95% modified AASHTO and fully saturated before testing to simulate the worst site condition. Because of characteristics of the direct shear apparatus, shear strength is obtained in terms of drained condition. Test results show that the more fines the soils contain, the larger ratio of friction coefficient ($\mu=\frac{tan{\delta}}{tan{\Psi}}$) is obtained. Also the ratios are much higher for the Friction tie and the geotextile compared to the smooth steel strip. Those suggest that even weathered granite soils with 36% fines are possible to use as backfill of reinforced earth structures for the two reinforcements when a drainage system is provided.