• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.24-35
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• 1985

Rusty root of ginseng has been known as one of the limiting factors in ginseng production in Korea. An attempt was, therefore, made to elucidate biological and chemical natures of the rusty root, and the redox Potential of the ginseng cultivated soils were measured and compared with diseased and non-diseased soils. Reddish discoloration was most frequently observed on the epidermis of ginseng root and the pigments were accumulated in all epidermal cells of the diseased lesions. The lower the redox potential of the ginseng cultivated soil was, the more severe the rusty root was observed. Fe content in the diseased epidermis was 3 times higher than that of healthy one. Organic acids such as oxalic, malonic, succinic, and citric acids were also higher in the mss root than in the healthy one. Thin layer chromatogram of phenolic acid fractions obtained from the epidermal cells of the rusty root of ginseng exhibited 3 to 4 unidentified substances not found in the healthy root. Also lignification of the epidermal cells and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase were greater in the rusty root than the healthy root. Colony formation and conidia production of F. solani, And mycelial growth and sclerotium formation of Sclerotinia sp. isolated from ginseng root were suppressed in a nutritionally minimal medium supplemented with water extract of rusty ginseng root epidermis. It is, therefore, suggested that rusty root of ginseng is caused by unfavorable rhizosphere environmental stress or stresses resulting abnormal metabolism in the root as a selfdefence mechanism of non-specific resistance responses.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.219-223
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• 1993

Assessment of root weight grade system for the numeral definition in Korea ginseng was tried by investigation of 13 boxes of the 15-root-grade of 4-year-old white ginseng as a model. In this case satisfaction to theoretical value was 58% in root weight and 50% in root number. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high (35%) for individual root weight in package. The CV of tap root weight 1 among package is low (7.1%) even though there was no significant correlation between tap root weight : and lateral root weight among roots. The mean percentage of tap root to root weight in each package ranged 61 to 74% with CV range of 16.5 to 33.2%. The CV was not much different between 1st and 2nd lateral root weight and the means was above 60%. Strict practice of numeral definition of root weight grade system will be prerequisite for chemical standardization of Korea ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.289-293
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• 1998

Six-year-old ginseng roots were divided into rhizome, main root (epidermis, cortex and xylem) and lateral root (big tail root, mid tail root and fine tail root) and the concentration levels of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) in each part of the ginseng were investigated. The amount ratios of SDF to IDF (SDF/IDF) in various parts of the ginseng root were also compared. The concentration levels of SDF and IDF in the ginseng root were 6.56% and 15.41 %, respectively, where the level of SDF in main root was a little higher than that of lateral root. However the amount of IDF in main root was lower than that of lateral root. The SDF/IDF was highest in main root, 0.513, which was higher than that of lateral root or rhizome. The SDF/IDF was 0.704 in xylem, 0.478 in cortex, and 0.099 in epidermis of the main root and the SDF/IDF was 0.576 in big tail root, 0.463 in mid tail root, and 0.255 in fine tail root of the lateral root. It has been reported that SDF might have preventive effects on diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, colon and rectum cancers, while IDF might have preventive effects on constipation. Therefore, main root of six-year- old ginseng root is thought to have a little different physiological activity from lateral or fine tail roots.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1993

In 61 abolished ginseng fields examined in 1986, the average plant missing was 49.2%, root rusting, 34.4%, and root rot, 3.3%. Plant missing was not different among the ages of ginseng fields; however, rate of root rusting was high in 3- and 4-year-old ginseng fields, and rate of root rot was high in 5- and 6-year-old ginseng fields, suggesting that root rusting and root rot were relatively more important factors related to the abolishment of ginseng filed in younger and older ginseng fields in 1986, respectively. Out of 61 ginseng fields, 18 were infested with more than 509) alternaria blights, and out of 19 fields with root rot, 2 were caused by Sclerotinia sp., 5 by potato rot nematode, and the causal agents were not identified in 12 fields. With increase of the ridge height, root rusting was significantly decreased, and plant missing rate was significantly lower in fields with straw mulching than those without mulching. The physico-chemical characteristics of the fields with more than 50fi root rusting, the contents of $NO_3,\;P_2O_5$ and Ca were higher than those of good fields with less than 40% root rusting and plant missing. The population of Erwinia sp. was significantly corralled with plant missing.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 1995

This study was carried out to compare the root yields, root characters, saponin and ginsenosides contents of 6-year-old p. ginseng and p. quinquefolium. These two ginseng species showed difference in the diameter and ten비h of mainroot. The main root length or p. quinquefolium was shorter than that of p. ginseng, whereas Jakyung-jong and Hwangsook-jong of P. ginseng showed similar root length. Proximate composition were similar between the two species, however, crude fibercontent was significantly higher in main and lateral root of Jakyung-jong and Hwang sook-jong of P ginseng than P quinquefolium. In regard to mineral contents of root, P ginseng contained more Ca and Mn and less Fe and Al than P. quinquefolium. P. quinquefolium contained more of Rbl and Rd of protopanaxadiol saponin, and less or Re, $Rg_1$ and $Rg_2$ of protopanaxatriol saponin than P ginseng. However, no Rf was detected in the p. quinquefolium. Key words Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, ginseng character, ginsenoside.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1996

In order to clarify effect of transplanting angle of seedling on shape and growth of ginseng root, ginseng of seedlings were transplanted with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ respectively, and the root characters of 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng were investigated. The length of main root with 45$^{\circ}$was above 7 cm (standard) but that of $60^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ was below 7 cm (standard). Number of good lateral root was above 2.3 ea for $45^{\circ}$, 0~$30^{\circ}$, but below 2.3 ea per plant for 60~$90^{\circ}$ respectively. Root fresh weight with $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ was heavier than that with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. Root disease infection rate was highest with $0^{\circ}$. There were, no significant difference in stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, comber of palmate leaves and leaflets per plant, ratio of missing plant, root diameter in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-147
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• 1983

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for the development of new ginseng varieties. The two variants (violet-stem variant and yellow-berry variant) of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) of one to four-year were used for this study. All of the characteristics, such as leaf length, leaf width, petiol length, number of leaves per plant, number of leaflets per plants, stem diameter, stem length, number of stems per plant, root length, primary root length, root diameter, root weight were determined and correlations among them were estimated. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Leaf length, petiol length, number of leaves per plant, and number of leaflets per plant of Panax ginseng, violet-stem variant and yellow-berry variant, were larger than those of Panax quinquefolium at all of the plant ages, while leaf width was wider in Panax quinquefolium. 2. The length of stem of Panax quinquefolium was shorter than that of Panax ginseng, and the frequency of multi-stem plants at 4-year-old ginseng was larger in violet-stem variant than in Panax quinquefolium and yellow-berry variant. 3. In the characteristics of ginseng root, the primary root length of Panax ginseng, violet-stem variant and yellow-berry variant, were less than that of Panax quinquefolium, while root weight, root diameter, and umber of secondary root related to yield were larger in Panax ginseng. 4. The root weight per plant related to the yield had positive and highly significant correlations with stem diameter, leaf length, leaf length, leaf width, number of compound leaves and leaflets in Panax ginseng and Panax quinguefolium. 5. The root weight related to the wield of ginseng had been influenced to stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width directly, and number of compound leaves and leaflets indirectly. 6. The number, total area and activity of stomate per mm2 of Panax quinquefolium were more, larger and stronger than those of Panax ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2001

식물조직배양기술을 이용하여 사포닌 함량이 높은 인삼 root를 생산하고자, 인삼 root의 생장과 사포닌생산에 미치는 배지와 식물생장조절물질의 영향을 조사하였다. 인삼 root를 여러 종류의 배지에 배양하였을 때, 인삼 root의 생장과 사포닌 생산은 SH배지에서 가장 우수하였고, SH배지에 배양시, 접종후 약 10일후에 생체중량이 초기접종량의 2배가 되었다. 각 배지별로 배양한 인삼 root의 진세노사이드 패턴과 함량은 다소 차이가 있었는데, SH배지와 White배지에서 성장한 인삼 root의 총진세노사이드 함량이 가장 높았다. 생장조절물질에 있어서는 4.0mg/L NAA를 함유한 SH배지에서 성장한 인삼 root의 생장이 가장 우수하였고, 사포닌 함량은 0.5mg/L BAP 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 이러한 결과들은 인삼 root 배양에 의해 사포닌을 단기간에 생산할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2006

고려인삼과 미국삼에 있어 원료수삼의 품질 외적요인과 홍삼품질과의 관계를 조사하여 종간특성을 비교하였다. 원료수삼의 편급과 등급을 결정하는 품질요인은 체형계수, 동장 그리고 근중을 적용하였으며 이들 요인과 홍삼 품질관계를 구명하였다. 1. 편급의 분포는 고려인삼의 경우 중편과 대편급이 많았으나 미국삼은 중편과 소편급이 많았으며 미국삼은 고려인삼에 비해 동장이 짧고 동직경이 굵고 부정형 지근이 많았다. 2. 원료삼 품질은 고려인삼이 미국삼에 비하여 양호하였고 홍삼품질은 고려인삼이 지삼 이상의 고급홍삼이 많았으나 미국삼은 양삼과 같이 저급홍삼이 많았다. 3. 원료수삼 품질요인중 중편삼과 대편삼의 경우 고려인삼은 체형계수 0.5 이하였으나 미국삼은 0.5를 상회하여 미국삼은 홍삼품질에 적합하지 않았다. 4. 고려인삼과 미국삼 모두 품질요인으로 동장과 근중은 홍삼품질과의 관계에서 비슷한 경향이나 체형계수가 특히 홍삼의 품질을 좌우하는 요인이었다. 5. 따라서 고려인삼과 미국삼 모두 원료삼과 홍삼품질 향상을 위해 근중, 체형계수 그리고 동장의 조정이 요망되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.10-13
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• 1990

Effect of an acidic polysaccharide fraction In Korean white and red ginseng on lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L was studied. Crude acidic polysaccharide fraction was extracted from main and lateral root of Korean white and red ginseng separately and purified several times. Inhibitory effect of crude polysaccharide fraction was determined by unit (1 unit is loft inhibition rate per Is sample). Yields of purified crude polysaccharide fraction of main and lateral root of red ginseng were 2.9 and 2.2 times higher than those of white ginseng, respectively. Inhibitory effects of main root of white and red ginseng, 11.hen final reaction concentrations of sample were 50, 100, 200, 500 $\mu$g/ml, were 37.2가 and 23.7% higher than those of lateral root of white and red ginseng. Inhibitory effect of main root of red ginseng was 2.3 times higher than that of white ginseng.