• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2017

Objectives: Recommended Menu (RM) prepared according to the Target Pattern expected to meet the dietary reference intake (DRI) of nutrients. Nutritional adequacy of RM in 'DRI for Koreans 2015' were analyzed to verify whether such expectation was fulfilled. Methods: Dishes in RM are categorized by 5 food groups, and number and types of dishes for main meal and between-meals were analyzed. The energy and 12 nutrients (protein, dietary fiber, Ca, P, Fe, Na, K, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C) contents in 10 RMs were calculated using the food composition table (CD) in 'DRI for Koreans'. Energy, energy contribution ratio, and nutrient contents in 10 RMs for 18 age groups were evaluated based on the 'DRI for Koreans 2015'. Results: Number of dishes per meal were 4.83, and representative table setting consisted of cooked rice + soup (or stew) +3 side dishes. Energy contents of RM were 75~109% of estimated energy requirement (EER). None of the RM met the DRI of all 12 nutrients examined. Calcium was the most insufficient nutrient. Only 1-2 years' RM met the DRI, all the other RMs did not meet the calcium DRI. Dietary fiber and potassium contents were also insufficient in most RM. In adult male's RM, only 1 nutrient, i.e. calcium did not meet the DRI, but in female adult's RM, 5~6 nutrients did not meet the DRI. Energy contribution ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat in RM were 59.0~70.4%, 15.7~17.5%, 12.1~23.5%, respectively. And 4 RMs out of 10 exceeded the upper limit of acceptable macro-nutrient distribution range (AMDR) of carbohydrate and 3 RMs out of 10 RM were below the lower limit of fat AMDR. Contribution ratio of nutrients were ${\geq}40%$ by food groups were as follows: grain group in energy and carbohydrate; meat fish egg legume group in fat, protein, and niacin; vegetables group in dietary fiber, vitamin A, and vitamin C; milk dairy products group in calcium. Conclusions: RM prepared according to the Target Pattern did not meet nutritional adequacy as expected. Especially calcium, potassium, and dietary fiber contents are needed to be increased in many RMs. Further, energy content in RM needs to be adjusted for fat sugar food group assigned in Target Pattern and condiment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.705-712
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to assess the zinc and copper nutritional status of 102 college women by measuring zinc and copper intake, hematological parameters of zinc and copper, hair zinc and urinary excretion of zinc and copper. The mean zinc intake was 5.5mg(45.8% RDA) with food analysis and 4.5mg(37.8% RDA) with computation from food composition table. The copper intake with food analysis was 2.3mg and 1.2mg with computation. Mean serum zinc concentration was 77.02ug/dl and the proportion of subjects with zinc deficiency estimated by serum zinc(<70ug/dl)was 23.0%. Mean serum copper concentration was 121.80ug/dl and 4.1% of subjects showed serum copper less than 70ug/dl, The mean ceruloplasmin concentration was 22.63mg/dl and the proportion of subjects whose ceruloplasmin was lower than 18-40mg/dl was 6.6%. The mean hair zinc of subjects was 143.8ppm and the mean hair copper was 11.2ppm. The mean urinary excretion of zinc was 0.43mg/day and the proportion of subjects with marginal deficiency estimated by urinary zinc excretion( <0.3mg/day) was 23.3%. The mean urinary copper excretion was 0.044mg/day which was within the normal range(0.01-0.06mg/day). Assessing by zinc content in hair, urine and serum, 22.9-23.3% of college women had bordeline zinc deficiency or zinc deficiency. Whereas 4.1-6.6% of college women was assessed copper deficiency estimated by serum copper and ceruloplasmin.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2018

The objective of this research was to determine the grain oil most suitable for the production of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) in China, in order to supply dietary omega-3 FAs. This study focused on the nutritional significance of omega-3 FAs and the wide search of sources of dietary omega-3 FA from oil grains produced in China. Five oil grains produced in the Yanbian region, namely sesame, flax, peanut, soybean, and corn, were selected and analyzed for their fat content and FA composition. Results showed that the lipid content in sesame, flax, and peanut, which was more than 30%, was higher than that in soybean and corn. The polyunsaturated FA content was found to be directly proportional to omega-3 FA content. Flax showed a considerably higher omega-3 FA content (53.43%) than other samples, suggesting its potential as a source of dietary omega-3 FA. The optimal daily intake of flax for males and females was determined to be 2.99 g (over one table spoon) and 2.06 g (nearly one table spoon), respectively. Flax showed the lowest ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 FA (0.32%), which can help reduce this ratio in the human body; the intake of equal amounts of flax and corn could achieve an optimum ratio of 1:1. These results can prove to be valuable in the preparation of various functional dairy foods in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.809-820
• /
• 2001

The purpose of the study was to find out the rich sources of vitamin B-complexes in Korea. Thirty kinds of vitamin B-complex (thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin) rich foods were selected based on vitamin content in 100g edible portion, single serving size, 100kcal energy content, and 1999 national annual food supply data. The results were summarized as follows: \circled1 Most of the thiamin rich foods selected were fishes: half of the foods selected was fishes when based on the contents in single serving size. On the other hand, about half of the foods selected were vegetables when based on the thiamin contents in 100kcal energy content. A relatively large number of food groups were included such as fishes, vegetables, beans, grains, meats, etc. when based on the contents in 100g edible portion, and national food supply data. \circled2 Most of the riboflavin rich foods selected were fishes and shellfishes, and vegetables: half of the foods selected were fishes and shellfishes when based on the content in 100g edible portion; two-thirds of the foods selected were vegetables when based on the content in single serving size; half of the foods selected were vegetables when based on the content in 100kcal. \circled3 The most important niacin sources are fishes: Most than 60% of the foods selected were fishes when based o the 100g edible portion, single serving size, and 100kcal energy content. Laver is very important source of all 3 vitamin B-complexes in Korea when based on the content in 100g edible portion, 100kcal energy content, and national annual food supply but not in single serving size. On the other hand, rice is rice is sources of all 3 vitamin B-complexes when based on the national annual food supply, but not in single serving size. On the other hand, rice sources of all 3 vitamin B-complexes when based on the national annual food supply, but is not included in 30 rich foods selected based on the content in 100g edible portion, single serving size, and 100kcal energy content. Mushrooms are also very important food sources of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin when based on the vitamin content in 100g edible portion, single serving size, and 100kcal energy content but not included in 10 rich food selected based on the national food supply data.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 1998

The purposes of the study are to see as to how much of changes has occurred in the newly revised high school Home Economics Textbooks required by the 6th Curriculum and to seek future policy directions which can be improved even better, if any, for further revision. To implement this proposal, the study employs 6 different textbooks published in 1996 geared for the 6th Curriculum for data base. The components of the contents divides into two major parts. The first part faUs into a category of holistic analysis of the textbooks, which gives a general perspective of the changes in the textbook revised. It includes those areas of changes in the total number of pacover page, illustrations, table of contents, appendices, unit cover, introductory remarks, summary and evaluation, etc. It also covers the information on authors of textbook. The latter part consists of several specific areas of major changes occurred in the textbooks for the 6th Curriculum. It covers such areas of changes in the composition of category and its weigh laboratory experiences, and illustrations and tables. To conclude the study, there found followings key features : 1) The new textbooks have adopted more of varieties in physical appearances and contents per se as to the older ones. And yet, there still found a weakness in numbers of authors participated to a full reflection of contents variety. In addition, the background of authors reflected on an unrealistic idealism which lacks the on-site information provided by the school teachers. 2) The content area consists of 3 major areas of Human Development & Family Relationship. Food and Nutrition. Clothing and Textiles with ratio of 23.8%, 23.1%, and 21.9% respectively. 3) Human Development & Family Relationship area ranked first with 71 times in the numbers of laboratory activities for each content area. followed by Food and Nutrition with 56 and Family Resorces & Consumerism with 54. These increased numbers of laboratory activities in textbooks represent the changing contents of Home Economics and imply the desirable and positive directions of Home Economics education in Korea. numbers of laboratory activities for each content area. followed by Food and Nutrition with 56 and Family Resorces & Consumerism with 54. These increased numbers of laboratory activities in textbooks represent the changing contents of Home Economics and imply the desirable and positive directions of Home Economics education in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.447-455
• /
• 1995

The purpose of the present study is to assess nutrient content for providing nutrition information such as nutrition labeling on Korean dishes in restaurant and food service institutions. The content of nutrients was calculated in recipies used to prepare dishes which has been frequently consumed in such four groups as the literature, foodservice institutions of industries, restaurants, and households. The numbers of dishes surveyed were 15. Total numbers of literture used for recipies analysis are 20. Recipies used in foodservice institutions of industries were abstracted from the journal 'Guk-Min Young-Yang' published in Korea dietetic association and obtained with the help of dietitians working in those institutions. Also, recipies has been using in restaurants were given from the Korea restaurant association. Recipies in households was calculated from the secondary analysis of the Korean National Nutrition Survey. Nutrient content from foods except steamed rice and side dishes in each dish was calculated using data of Korean food composition table published. The content of energy and protein in 'Gal-bi tang' (beef-rib soup) were highest in recipes used at restaurants, vitamin C in recipes of food service institutions of industries due to the generous use of meats and vegetables than other recipies. 'Doen-jang chigae' (soybean paste stew) showed the lowest content of energy in results analyzing recipes presented on the literature and varied protein level by four groups for difference of protein source used. The content of energy in 'Gop-chang jeongol' (small intestines stew) is 150 kcal more than 'Soegogi jeongol' (beef stew) in general. The energy level of 'Daeji-galbi' jim (braised pork ribs) and 'Dak jim' (braised chicken) turned out to be the highest in recipies presented on literature. Variation of each nutrient content including energy and protein was relatively high, since some of foods used in 'Pibimbab' (mixed rice) varied with four groups. Amounts of energy and protein in 'Naeng-myeun' (cold noodles) is the highest in recipies of foodservice institution of industries because much amounts of noodle and meats were used comparing to other groups. The average content of energy in 'Pulgogi' (grilled meat with sauce) was 50% to Korea recommended amounts of one meal, 833.3 kcal. Content of vitamin $B_1$ in 'Jeuk pyeunuk' (boiled pork), which is made of pork meat, was higher than other dishes. The ingredients of frequently consumed Korean dishes were highly variable among the four groups which inevitably results in variation of nutrient content in each dishes. The high variation of nutrient content in each dish according to study requires careful collecting of the large number of recipies in presenting representative nutrient content for nutrition labeling on dishes in restaurant and food service institutions effectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.547-550
• /
• 2010

Jinhae Bay is a typical aquaculture farm with active fisheries. However, it has been contaminated by the development of a major city and industrial area, and has therefore diminished in value as a fishing ground. To preserve the continuing productivity of the ocean, we have to estimate fisheries resources. To analyze the fisheries resources in Jinhae Bay, we evaluated the Fisheries Productivity Index (FPI). The FPI is composed of the Total production ($T_p$), Total amount ($T_a$), and Production of edible protein ($E_p$), nitrogen ($N_p$) and phosphorous ($P_p$). To calculate the FPI, we used Annual statistics on cooperative sales of fishery products data from 1979 to 2004 and the Food composition table. The results of the FPI were as follows. $T_p$ ranged from 70,235 tons to 113,556 tons and $T_a$ ranged from 107,004 million won to 373,776 million won. $E_p$ ranged from 8,124 tons to 13,357 tons, $N_p$ ranged from 1,965 tons to 3,273 tons, and $P_p$ ranged from 168 tons to 276 tons. According to the FPI, maximum fisheries productivity occurred in 1994, when $T_a$, $E_p$, $N_p$ and $P_p$ were at their highest values.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.580-586
• /
• 2020

Fishery resources have been widely consumed as protein- and vitamin-rich food sources in the Korean diet. However, information regarding their vitamin levels is extremely limited. In this study, trienzyme-Lactobacillus casei method was validated and used to determine the folate contents in fishery foods. The trienzyme-L. casei method for folate analysis showed excellent accuracy (85.2 to 95.3% recovery) and precision (repeatability 1.4% RSD and reproducibility 2.4% RSD). Folate contents of 20 fish foods (4 fish, 3 crustaceans, 3 sea algae, 3 cephalopods, 4 shellfish, and 3 others) ranged from 1.75 to 97.98 ㎍/100 g. Furthermore, we found that the folate content in seaweed fusiforme was the highest, followed by gulfweed (69.73 ㎍/100 g). Folate analysis using the trienzyme-L. casei method was determined excellent based on the z-score of -0.3 in the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme test. Analytical and method validation data generated in this study could be used to update the national food composition table on vitamin B9 in Korean fishery resources.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 1974

For the elucidation of the nutritional status of residences of apartments located in various areas in Seoul city, the food and nutrition survey was undertaken by the graduate students from Department of Food & Nutrition, Ewha Womans University in 1973. The socioeconomic stratification was mainly considered for the selection of sample apartments included in this study. Hangang Mansion, KIST, Munwhachon & Bukahyun apts were selected in this respect. A. Common living circumstances. Through the questionaries, author concluded nutritional concept on everyday food life as follows; 1. Higher income seems less effective in everyday food life on the nutritional view point than higher education does. 2. It needs to be urgently improved to be accustomed to use exact measuring concept of foods when they cook. 3. It needs to be improved to serve meals for individual portion at meal table, because the portion control at meal table will effect to national food policy. B. Nutrition Survey. Average daily calroie intake was the highest in Hangang Mansion and lowest in Bukahyun apt., in accordance with their economic living standard, but most of their calorie intakes were lower than the R.D.A. (3000ca1 for male, 2200 Cal for female). But the composition ratio of the total calorie intake was near to the ideal, carbohydrate 60%, protein 15%, fat 25%. Although there were differences in their economic living situations in urban area, most people ingested relatively good quality and large amounts of protein and fat. Vitamin A and Niacine intake exceeded the R.D.A., but the intake of Ca, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Ascorbic Acid were far less than that of R.D.A. C. food Intake. Amounts of total daily food intake were highest in Bukahyun apt. and lowest in Hangang Mansion. These showed adverse aspects to the total calorie intakes and their income levels. The ratio of cereals, $40%{\sim}50%$ of the total food intake, was higher than any other kinds of foods in all apartments. Among the other foods except cereals, there represented the highest level of meats in Hangang Mansion and KIST apt., while intake of Kimchies were highest in Munwhachon and Bukahyun apt. In the case of vegetables and fruits intake, the ratio of them in Hangang Mansion and KIST apt. were high, on the other hand the ratio of starchy roots appeared lowest in Hangang Mansion. For the main sources of protein, meats were ingested in Hangang Mansion and KIST apt., meats and fishery were used in Munwhachon apt., and beans were eaten highly in their meals in Bukahyun apt. These food contents and distributions showed the significant differences not only their economic classes but also regional characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 1967

Determination of weekly and daily energy expenditure was made on 62 Republic of Korea Army cadets who were selected at random in order to estimate the weekly and daily ealorie expenditure. Basal metabolic rate (B.M.R.), and energy cost of various military and daily activities were measured by indirect calorimetry using open circuit method. Time-motion studies were also carried on using a stop-watch. The total weekly energy expenditure was calculated by summation of data using energy cost per minute, and the time spent on each activity. Determination of daily energy expenditure was deduced from each data of weekly energy expenditure. Food survey was also carried on for a week, and daily calorie intake was determined by a weekly average discounting loss in cooking. All measurements were determined from the Standard Table of Food Composition published by the Ministry of National Defense (1961). Following data were observed. 1. Physical status of cadets are as follows. Please note that the height and weight averages are 1-2cm and 4-5kg respectively over that of the Seoul National University students. First year Height 167.92 cm $(S.D.{\pm}4.09)$ Weight 61.72 kg $(S.D.{\pm}4.53)$ Second year Height 167.89 cm $(S.D.{\pm}3.46)$ Weight 63.01 kg $(S.D.{\pm}4.61)$ Third year Height 168.15 cm $(S.D.{\pm}4.24)$ Weight 43.48 kg $(S.D.{\pm}5.03)$ Fourth year Height 168.10 cm $(S.D.{\pm}3.70)$ Weight 64.02kg $(S.D.{\pm}5.10)$ 2. The B.M.R. of cadets averaged $36.57\;Cal./m^2/hr.(S.D.{\pm}3.63\;Cal./m^2/hr.)$ is almost equal with data on the same ages of civilians and the Japanese, but a lower average of $5.1\;Cal./m^2/hr.$ than that of a common soldier. 3. The energy expenditure during various military activities is close agreement with Consolazio. Passmore and Durnin, and Japanese reports.