• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

An epidemiological survey was carried out to determine the first intermediate host of Clinostomum complanatum among freshwater snails in Korea. Two species of snails belonging to the family Lymnaeidae were collected in Kaum-ji (pond) , Uisong-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do. Twelve (0.9%) out of 1,273 Radiae auricularia corecna examined were found to liberate cercariae of C. complcnatum, which were identified by morphologital characteristics and experimental infections in freshwater fish, Pseunorosborc pnnjc. The cercariae were brevifurcate and clinostomatoid. They had a transparent dorsal fin, a well developed penetrating organ and a pair of eye spots. The body measured $119-147{\;}{\times}{\;}33-36{\mu\textrm{m}}$, tail stem, tailstem은 $275-370{\;}{\times}{\;}19-26{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$, and furcae, $72-104{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$. Rediae were demonstrated in the infected snail after crushing. Redia, $527-1,630{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$ long and 121-368${\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$ wide, contained 10-45 germ balls and cercariae in various developmental stapes. The metacercariae recovered from fish experimentally infected with C. complanntum cercariae were morphologically identical to those from naturally infected fish.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.209-213
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• 2015

The present study was performed to survey the infection status of zoonotic intestinal trematode (ZIT) in stray cats from 5 major riverside areas in the Republic of Korea. Total 400 stray cats were captured with live-traps in riverside areas of Seomjingang ('gang' means river) (203 cats) from June to October 2010, and of Yeongsangang (41), Nakdonggang (57), Geumgang (38), and Hangang (61 cats) from June to October 2011, respectively. Small intestines resected from cats were opened with a pair of scissors in a beaker with 0.85% saline and examined with naked eyes and under a stereomicroscope. More than 16 ZIT species were detected in 188 (92.6%) cats from Seomjingang areas, and the number of worms recovered was 111 per cat infected. In cats from riverside areas of Yeongsangang, Nakdonggang, Geumgang, and Hangang, more than 9, 8, 3, and 5 ZIT species were recovered, and the worm burdens were 13, 42, 11, and 56 specimens per infected cat, respectively. As the members of family Heterophyidae, more than 10 species, i.e., Metagonimus spp., Pygidiopsis summa, Heterophyes nocens, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Heterophyopsis continua, Acanthotrema felis, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, Cryptocotyle concava, and Stictodora lari, were recovered. More than 5 species of echinostomes, i.e., Echinostoma hortense, Echinochasmus japonicus, Echinochasmus sp., Echinoparyphium sp., and unidentified larval echinostomes, were collected. Plagiorchis spp. were detected in cats from areas of Seomjingang and Yeongsangang. From the above results, it has been confirmed that stray cats in 5 major riverside areas of Korea are highly infected with various species of ZITs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.2 s.20
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• pp.203-212
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• 1986

Hypertension is one of the most well known risk factors for cerebrovascular or coronary heart disease and is a major public health problem. Early detection and treatment of hypertension are essential, but the compliance of treatment on hypertension is not easy to achive. Hypertensive workers are being detected by the annual screening under the Labour Standard Law in Korea but the solidified control system for them is not existing. This study about workers 'Motive-Belief-Action in non-drug and drug treatment of their hypertension would be worthwhile to interpret how the workers actually behave in coping with hypertension, and also would be advisable to construct the follow-up program in Korea. In the field research process two criteria were used to select sample group. The first criterion included the workers who were screened to be hypertensive with their blood pressure above 160/95 in this survey. The second one was used to classify study-group respondents who had known their hypertension by successive annual screening. From such criteria a total of 156 male workers were sampled in 21 industries, the author interviewed them using the structured questionnaire which consisted of Belief-Motive-Action items about non-drug and drug treatment for hypertension with open-ended question on symptom of hypertension. The summary is as follows: 1) Sixty-one percent of respondents had ever checked their blood pressure somewhere besides the annual screening. 2) Most respondents(97.2%) complained no symptoms of hypertension at all. 3) Belief level of non-drug treatment was relatively high (82.1%-64.7%), but motive(55.1%-28.2%) and action(38.5%-16.7%) levels were low. 4) Belief level of drug treatment was relatively lower than that of non-drug treatment, blue collar workers showed higher artier level of drug treatment than white collar workers, and correlation coefficient between belief and motive on drug treatment was lower in group of not-recognizing their family history of hypertension than recognized group. Such findings indicated that belief on drug treatment of hypertensive workers would be problematic. 5) White collar workers showed significant lower correlation coefficients between Motive and Action of salt restriction, restriction of fatty diet and relaxation than blue collar workers. 6) Mild hypertension group showed low levels of Motive and Action of non-drug treatment(salt restriction, restriction of fatty diet and relaxation) and also showed low correlation coefficient between Belief and Motive of above non-drug treatment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2006

Objectives: The goal of this study is to measure women's willingness to pay for cancer screening and to identify those factors associated with this willingness to pay. Methods: A population-based telephone survey was performed on 1,562 women (aged 30 years or over) for 2 weeks (9-23th, July, 2004). Data about sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, the intention of the cancer screenings and willingness to pay for cancer screening were collected. 1,400 respondents were included in the analysis. The women's willingness to pay for cancer screening and the factors associated with this willingness to pay were evaluated. Results: The results show that 76% of all respondents have a willingness to pay for cancer screening. Among those who are willing to pay, the average and median amount of money for which the respondents are willing to pay are 126,636 (s.d.: 58,414) and 120,000 won, respectively. As the status of education & the income are higher, the average amount that women are willing to pay becomes much more. The amount of money women are willing to pay is the highest during the 'contemplation' stage. Being willing to payor not is associated with a change of behavior (transtheoretical model), the income, the concern about the cancer risk, the family cancer history, the marital status, the general health exam, age and the place of residence. Income is associated with a greater willingness to pay. Old age was associated with a lower willingness to pay. Conclusions: According to the two-part model, income and TTM are the most important variables associated with the willingness to pay for cancer screening. The cancer screening participation rate is low compared with the willingness to pay for cancer screening. It is thought that we have to consider the participants' behavior that's associated with cancer screening and their willingness to pay in order to organize and manage cancer screening program.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.37
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• pp.63-89
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• 2008

This study attempts to examine the factors influencing the Caregiving responsibility of sibling without disability on their adult siblings with intellectual disability. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted on siblings without disability who have adult siblings with intellectual disability aged 18 years old or more and also who use services provided by 8 welfare centers for persons with disabilities in Seoul. With 132 valid responses, multiple regression technique was adopted in exploring a model for characteristics of adult with intellectual disability, a model for characteristics of siblings without disability, a model for relationship factors, and a comprehensive model. The findings of the study showed that the degree of disability in the model for characteristics of adult siblings with intellectual disability and the intimacy of siblings and social support in the model of relationship factors were significant. The result of the comprehensive model revealed that the degree of disability, the gender of the siblings without disability, the intimacy of siblings, and social support were significant. Especially, the relationship factors including the intimacy of siblings and social support were found to be the most significant factors in order to explain the caregiving responsibility. The findings of the study suggest that sibling program needs to be developed and disseminated in order to increase the understanding and the trust between adult with intellectual disability and sibling without disability, that a help is critical for adult with intellectual disability to extend the social network in which sibling without disability receives support from sibling without disability, family, friends, and other acquaintances around, and that different approach is needed in order to reduce caregiveing difficulties depending on the dependence of disability.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.315-342
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to examine growth trajectories of delinquent behaviors during adolescence. In addition, the effects of protective and risk factors that might account for individual difference in the level of delinquent behaviors and in the rate of change were examined. Four waves of data in the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS) were used to analyze the linear growth modeling. The sample consisted of 3346 adolescents who were assessed at 4 measurement waves with approximately 1-year intervals. The results showed significant individual differences in both final level of delinquent behaviors and in the rate of change across 3 measurement occasions. Adolescent gender, family's socioeconomic background predicted the final level and the rate of change of delinquent behaviors. The protective effects of positive parenting and self-control were significantly associated with problem behaviors and the risk effects of the association with deviant peers and negative stigma were significant on the final level of delinquency. Self-control and deviant peer affiliation had differential influences over time significantly. Practice and policy implications as well as further research topic were discussed in the light of searching for important factors in preventing adolescent problem behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.233-256
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social support on career maturity and self-reliance of inmates in a juvenile reformatory. This survey was administered to the adolescents in S juvenile reformatory, which represents juvenile reformatory across the nation. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 22.0 for 115 complete responses. Results are as follows: First, the effects of social support on career maturity was found to be statistically significant, $R^2=.411$, p<.001. That is, support by friends and religious program personnel remained a significant influence on career maturity, after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Second, the effects of social support on self-reliance was also found to be statistically significant, $R^2=.520$, p<.001. It was shown that the support of friends and family as dependent variables, had statistically significant effects on self-reliance. The results of this study suggest the need to expand programs that reinforce support by friends, a meaningful variable, along with the need to seek and link available resources within the local community in order to build social support systems. It is also necessary to establish education and related organizations to provide effective socail support.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.271-290
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• 2018

The study aims to analyze the effects of socio-economic deprivation on suicidal ideation. The analysis data were used as a guide for Korea Welfare Panel Study 9. the frequency analysis, mean difference analysis, correlation analysis, and logistic regression were performed by SPSS programs. The results of analysis are as follows. First, The results of frequency analysis by deprivation type showed a high frequency of deprivation in the following order. Experience of not receiving a public pension, experience of being able to work but unemployed, experience of not being able to eat a balanced diet due to financial difficulties, and experience where you had nothing to eat but no more money to buy. Second, the average difference analysis shows that when a person does not have a spouse, the lower the academic background and the income level, the higher the likelihood of suicide. Third, regression analysis shows that the following deprivation patterns have a statistically significant effect on older adults' thoughts of suicide. Experience in which the respondents or their family could not go to hospital because they had no money, experience that move house because is back rent more than 2 months or can not pay rent, experience that they could not afford to buy food and eat well-balanced meals, experience of failing to pay your bills on time, experience of being able to work but not having a job, and experience in which financial difficulties left them short of food and no money to live. Based on such research results, some policy measures, such as the expanding management of medical care benefits cases, the improvement of elderly housing, residential conditions and the diet survey for the elderly, and the expansion of measures to support elderly people's tax rates, were proposed.

• Mood & Emotion
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.158-162
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial factors related to burnout of social welfare officers working in Jeonnam Province. Methods : A total of 395 social welfare officers (male 99, female 296) working in 22 areas of Jeollanam-do province, were subjects of this study. We examined socio-demographic factors, using a self-reporting questionnaire. Subjects were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS), to assess psychosocial factors affecting to burnout of social welfare officers. Results : Among 395 subjects, 221 (55.9%) reported recent experiences of burnout. There was no significant difference in age between two groups, divided by burnout. Sex (p<0.001), rank (p=0.003), working period (p=0.034), depression (p<0.001) revealed differences between the burnout group and control group. Scores of PSS (p<0.001) were higher, while the scores of GSS (p<0.001) were lower in the burnout group, than control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female (OR 2.840, 95%CI 1.466-5.504, p=0.002), depressive high-risk group (OR 6.824, 95%CI 2.893-16.096, p<0.001) PSS (OR 1.247, 95%CI 1.153-1.349, p<0.001) and GSS (OR 0.950, 95%CI 0.930-0.971, p<0.001), were significantly associated with burnout. Conclusion : We found that some factors, were associated with experienced burnout in social welfare officers. Depressive symptoms were the strongest associative factor, for burnout in public servants in charge of social welfare. Sex, stress and self-efficacy also correlated with burnout, and especially self-efficacy was a protecting factor.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.157-185
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• 2017

This study aimed to explore the trajectories of economic preparations for the aging among people with physical disabilities and to identify the determinants according to the Andersen model. For this study, data were drawn from Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED). A total of 1,847 samples were used from the second to the eighth wave. Latent class growth model was conducted to explore the longitudinal change classes for the disabled, and the multinominal logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of the determinants. As a result, four classes were identified: preparation decrease group, continuous non-preparation group, preparation increase group, and continuous preparation group. Each group was found to be associated deferentially with education level, family income, socioeconomic status, employment, home ownership, national basic livelihood security recipient status, and ADL. These findings proposed the practical and political implications for the strategies concerned with facilitating the economic preparations for the aging among the disabled.