• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.341-357
• /
• 2019

Acanthamoeba, one of free-living amoebae (FLA), remains a high risk of direct contact with this protozoan parasite which is ubiquitous in nature and man-made environment. This pathogenic FLA can cause sight-threatening amoebic keratitis (AK) and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) though these cases may not commonly be reported in our clinical settings. Acanthamoeba has been detected from different environmental sources namely; soil, water, hotspring, swimming pool, air-conditioner, or contact lens storage cases. The identification of Acanthamoeba is based on morphological appearance and molecular techniques using PCR and DNA sequencing for clinico-epidemiological purposes. Recent treatments have long been ineffective against Acanthamoeba cyst, novel anti-Acanthamoeba agents have therefore been extensively investigated. There are efforts to utilize synthetic chemicals, lead compounds from medicinal plant extracts, and animal products to combat Acanthamoeba infection. Applied nanotechnology, an advanced technology, has shown to enhance the anti-Acanthamoeba activity in the encapsulated nanoparticles leading to new therapeutic options. This review attempts to provide an overview of the available data and studies on the occurrence of pathogenic Acanthamoeba among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) members with the aim of identifying some potential contributing factors such as distribution, demographic profile of the patients, possible source of the parasite, mode of transmission and treatment. Further, this review attempts to provide future direction for prevention and control of the Acanthamoeba infection.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 1979

To detect proper lytic assay conditions of the crude zumolyase from Arthrobacter luteus, effets of the various factors involved in the lytic system of Sacchromyces sake cultured with shaking in the malt extracts medium were investigated. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The susceptibilities of viable cells of S. sake from logarithmic growth phase to the lytic enzmye were much greater than those of the cells in lag and stationary phases. The cells cultured for 18 hr were the most susceptible to the enzyme. 2. Lytic activity of the enzyme toward the viable cells of S. sake was very low. It was, however, enhanced 4 folds of more by the pretreatment of the cells with 0.05 M sodium sulfite. 3. Lytic activity of the enzyme toward commercial baker's yeast cells was negligible, and the effect of sodium sulfite on the lysis of the cells also was nothing but a little. 4. The lyophilized cells of the baker's yeast showed more susceptibility to the lytic enzyme than viable cells of the yeast. No definite effect of sodium sulfite on the lysis of the lyophilized cells, however, was observed either baker's yeast of S. sake. 5. It appeared that the relationship between the reaction rate and the enzyme concentration on the lysis of the yeast cell walls followed enzyme kinetic theory, but one between the reaction rate and concentration of the yeast cells as substrates showed different pattern from that in enzyme kinetic theory. 6. After the preparation of crude zymolyase was kept at $7^[\circ}C$ for 10 days in the 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, the remainning lytic activity was about 80 %.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.405-414
• /
• 2004

This study evaluated the effects of preslaughter feed withdrawal and chiller ageing on objective meat quality traits in longissimus dorsi (LD), biceps femoris(BF), and triceps brachii(TB) muscles of Korean native black pigs. Twenty males were assigned into a 2(pre-slaughter feeding) ${\times}$ 2(pre-slaughter stress) ${\times}$ 4(chiller ageing) factorial. Pre-slaughter fasting for 18 h resulted in significantly(P < 0.05) higher pHs at 1.5 h for both LD and BF. On the other hand, muscle temperature did not differ between the fasted and fed animals. The result implied that pigs with different pre-slaughter feedings experienced different pH-temperature profiles during rigor development. This was reflected by the significan(P < 0.05) increase in cooking loss and hunter $L^*$ for LD of the fed pigs. However, WB-shear force of LD was not affected by the treatment. Furthermore, objective meat quality of BF and TB did not differ between the treatments. Hunter $L^*$ value and cooking loss for LD were constant for 7 d, followed by a significant(P < 0.05) increase at 14 d. BF and TB had significantly(P < 0.05) higher hunter $L^*$ value and cooking loss at 14 d than at 1 d. Significant(P < 0.05) linear reductions in LD WB-shear force took place from 1 to 7 d, while BF and TB WB-shear forces were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced at 14 d. Simple correlation for WB-shear force between LD and BF, and between LD and TB indicated that 6 kg of shear force for LD was equivalent to approximately 3.5 and 6 kg for TB and BF, respectively. On the basis of the current result, feeding until the morning of slaughter appeared to contribute to favourable meat color for LD. However, negative effect on palatability due to increase in cooking loss should be taken into account. A 7-d chiller ageing was likely the best practice for LD, while TB appeared not to require chiller ageing. A 14-d ageing could improve the tenderness of BF, but could likely reduce juiciness.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary Panax Ginseng Refuse(PGR), Dioscorea Japonica Refuse(DJR) and Oriental Medicine Refuse(OMR) on performance(feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, mortality) of Korean Native Chicken(KNC). KNC were randomly assigned to one of the 4 dietary treatment : 1) control(commercial feed), 2) PGR(commercial feed supplemented with 5% panax ginseng leaves) 3) DJR(commercial feed with 5% dioscorea japonica hulls and 4) OMR (commercial feed with 5% oriental medicine refuse). 160 KNC were fed one of the above experimental diet for 12 weeks and slaughtered at 20 weeks of age. Daily DM intake of control, PGR, DJR and OMR diet were 125.79g, 122.26g, 122.30g and 123.72g, respectively, with no significantly difference(p$>$0.05). The DM utilizability of control and DJR(62.89% and 61.20%) diets were higher(p$<$0.05) than those of PGR and OMR(55.44% and 59.76%)(p$<$0.05). 16 weeks weight of bird fed control, PGR, DJR and OMR diets were 1,436.6g, 1,427.2g, 1,546g and 1,422.0g respectively with DJR being the highest than other treatments(p$<$0.05). Total feed intake of control, PGR, DJR and OMR diets were 6,087g, 5,947g, 5,816g and 5,852g, respectively where control was higher than other treatments. The feed conversion of PGR, DJR and OMR were higher than the control. Chicken housed mortality of control, PGR, DJR and OMR were respectively 24, 15, 13 and 20 birds with rather lower mortality in the supplented groups(p$<$0.05). The body weight, carcass weight and carcass yield were not different among the treatments. But abdominal fat of chicken in control and OMR groups were higher than that of DJR and PGR groups.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.93-114
• /
• 2012

Objective : This study aimed to review the performance of traditional herbal prescriptions for treating dementia and present a strategy for research on dementia therapy utilizing herbal medicine. Methods : A definition was made to clarify the technology regarding the development of herbal prescriptions for treating dementia. The queries were compounded based on the initial keywords provided by experts in the field, then applied to the Web of Science database search engines from January 1986 to September 2011 to search related scientific articles. Before performing the analysis, papers were extracted from the initial search reviewed by experts and 80 articles were selected. Then, the selected papers were analyzed in terms of publish year, country, and type of herbal prescriptions. Furthermore, the research performance evaluation for treating dementia by herbal prescriptions was also created in terms of country and organization based on forward citation analysis. In addition to, for the evaluation regarding research quality, we classified and reviewed papers into two types: clinical studies and experimental studies. Results : According to the quantitative information analysis of 80 articles, the number of papers has increased by 21.9% per the yearly mean from 1995, and Japan had the largest portion within this research field. There were 34 kinds of traditional herbal prescriptions, among them Ukgansan had the highest number of studies followed by Jodeungsan, Dangkisoosan and so on. In addition, quality index as calculated by cites per paper is higher than average in Switzerland, Turkey and Japan. In the view of the evaluation on quality there were 12 clinical studies, 8 RCT reported that herbal prescriptions had efficacy at cognition, behavioral & psychological symptoms (BPSD) and activity of daily life (ADL) in various type of dementia. In experimental studies most of the studies were performed using animal models. The studies using Ukgansan were aimed at improving BPSD. The papers studied with Jodeungsan and Dangkisoosan targeted vascular dementia. Conclusions : In this study, research to develop traditional herbal prescriptions for treating dementia has the potential to improve symptoms since herbal medicines work as both multi-function and multi-target in dementia with multiple pathological or neurotoxic pathways. Therefore, the results of the research should be used in order to establish strategies to develop technology for treating dementia with traditional herbal prescriptions in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of environmental factors on certain reproductive traits in Korean cattle on the basis of data from Korean Cattle Improvement Areas which were surveyed from 1986 to 1995. Results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Least square means of the reproductive traits estimated were 466.11${\pm}$5.72 days for age at 1st service, 480.10${\pm}$6.15 days for age at 1st conception, 742.79${\pm}$7.48 days for age at 1st calving, 64.97${\pm}$1.42 days for days at 1st service postpartum, 72.06${\pm}$1.73 days for days open, 355.93${\pm}$1.92days for calving interval, 285.38${\pm}$0.42 days for gestation length and 1.21${\pm}$0.02 days for number of services for conception, respectively. 2. The ranges of the least squares means for the districts were 447.62${\pm}$5.94-490.72${\pm}$5.94 days for age at 1st service, 464.27${\pm}$6.38-505.20${\pm}$6.39 days for age at 1st conception, 721.91${\pm}$7.85-772.75${\pm}$7.80 days for age at 1st calving, 62.27${\pm}$1.55-68.97${\pm}$1.74days for days at 1st service postpartum, 69.74${\pm}$1.97-74.36${\pm}$2.27days for days open, 352.71${\pm}$2.18-359.64${\pm}$2.09 days for calving interval, 284.52${\pm}$0.42-286.04${\pm}$0.47days for gestation length and 1.11${\pm}$0.02-1.30${\pm}$0.02 days for number of services for conception, respectively. 3. Age at 1st service was latest in the cows with Basic Register and tended to be earlier for the more advanced registers. The number of services per conception tended to increase for the more advanced registers. 4. Days at 1st service postpartum was longest in the 2nd parity and tended to be shorter with the advancement of parity. The number of services per conception tended to decrease with the advancement of parity. 5. As the calving year advances from 1987 to 1995, days at 1st service postpartum, days open and calving interval tended to be longer, and number of service per conception tended to increase. 6. Days at 1st service postpartum, days open and calving interval were shorter in the cows that calved in spring and summer than in the cows that calved in fall and winter. The number of services per conception was larger in the cows that cocalved in fall and winter than the cows that calved in spring and summer.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 1989

This study was performed to obtain higher yield rate of protein-bound polysac-charide extracted from cultured broth and fruit body of Coriolus versieolor, basidiomycetes. 16002 strain produced 0.58%, the highest yield rate among four strains, and there was no significantly different yield in other three strains. The optimal liquid media were CVT-III to obtain higher yield of protein-bound polysaccharide comparing with the various culture media. Compared with several materials for substitution of medium source, the residue extract media of Coriolus versieolor fruit-body were yield rate similar to control, and addition of the extracts of ginseng residues increased 11.4-48%. And also compared with fruit bodies that were artificially cultured on the oak longs, 16002 strain produced the highest yield similar to the result of cultured broth. Fruit body of the prematures stage was more effective to obtain high yield rate.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Macsumsuk and herb resources on the egg performance and quality in Korean native crossbred chickens. A total of three hundred sixty improved Korean native crossbred chickens in primary laying period were randomly allocated to four treatments (30 birds/treatment ${\times}$ 3 replications) for eight weeks. Dietary treatments included CON (basal diets), T1 (basal diets + 0.3% Macsumsuk), T2 (basal diets + 0.3% herb resources) and T3 (basal diets + 0.3% Macsumsuk + 0.3% herb resources). No significant differences were found for feed intake, egg weight and average egg production (P>0.05), however, cracked egg rate was higher in CON than in T1-T3, especially T3 was the lowest (P<0.05). The crude fat content of whole eggs, CON (11.20%) was higher (P<0.05) than the experimental treatments (9.67%-10.01%). Haugh unit, yolk color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell breaking strength tended to be higher in T1 and T2, but there were no significant differences (P>0.05). However, the experimental treatments were significantly higher than CON (P<0.05) for eggshell breaking strength, and T3 (14.91 mg/g) contained lower (P<0.05) cholesterol in egg yolk than other treatments. For fatty acid composition in egg yolk, CON group showed higher saturated fatty acid contents than the experimental treatments, but T1 (67.00%), T2 (66.78%) and T3 (66.82%) were higher than CON for unsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementating Macsumsuk and herb resources together in diets of Korean native crossbred chickens could decrease egg yolk cholesterol and improve egg quality.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.393-400
• /
• 2015

An insect parasitic mite was found on a larva from Japanese apricot seed. The mite was identified as Pyemotes moseri Yu et Liang (Acarina: Pyemotidae) new to Korea. The host larva was identified as Eurytoma maslovskii using mitochondrial DNA sequencing analysis. We conducted preliminary study on its reproduction and parasitization capacity in laboratory condition. A mated female mite reared on Eurytoma maslovskii larva. We counted and sexed newborn progenies and then eliminated them during periodical observations. To test parasitization capacity, a PCR tube containing mass reared P. moseri and Japanese apricot seeds (assumed bear larva of E. maslovskii) placed in a stainless bath filled with potting soil. One month later, we surveyed the seeds whether the E. maslovskii larva parasitized by mite or not. We repeated this experiment three times with five replications each. Average life span (days from parasitization to the end of reproduction) of gravid females was 24.4 days (n=8). A gravid female reproduced 104.0 female progenies (n=8). Although there were more than seven Japanese apricot seeds per bath containing larva or pupa, we found parasitization only in two seeds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.759-765
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to investigate improvements in diabetes mellitus by extracts of yacon in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fifty rats were divided into a normal group and four experimental groups. STZ (45 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to induce type I diabetes in the four experimental groups. Yacon extracts were administered for 5 weeks. Forty-five ICR mice were also divided into one positive control group and four experimental groups for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after fed yacon extract. The control group did not eat any yacon extracts, while Group 1 (GI) was fed 125 mg/kg of yacon extracts, Group 2 (GII) was fed 250 mg/kg of yacon extracts, and Group 3 (GIII) was fed 500 mg/kg of yacon extracts. After treatment for 5 weeks, blood glucose in GIII group showed decreased tendency at the 5 week. In OGTT by glucose, the glucose level of yacon treatment group in diabetic rats was significantly decreased compared to the glucose level of the control group, but there was no difference in OGTT by maltose. In ICR mice, the glucose level of the experimental group in OGTT by maltose was significantly decreased compared to the control group. The area of the islets of Langerhans was increased by yacon treatment in a dose-dependent manner on diabetic rats. Insulin concentration of the GIII group was also decreased compared to the control group, while the concentration of fructosamine, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum showed no difference. OGTT by glucose or maltose in ICR mice or diabetic rats, area of the Islets of Langerhans, and insulin concentration improved. Yacon treatment may be a useful therapeutic and preventive strategy for diabetes mellitus.