• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

COP9 signalosome (CSN), which is originally identified as the regulator of the photomorphogenic development in plant, is highly conserved protein complex in diverse eukaryotic organisms. Most eukaryotic CSN complex is composed of 8 subunits, which is structurally and functionally similar to the lid subunit of 26S proteasome and eIF3 translation initiation complex. CSN play important functions in the regulation of cell cycle and checkpoint response by controlling Cullin-Ring E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRL) activities. CSN exhibits an isopeptidase activity which cleaves the neddylated moiety of cullin components. In fission yeast, S-phase cell cycle progression was delayed and the sensitivity to g-ray or UV was increased in CSN1 and CSN2 deletion mutants, indicating that yeast CSN is also involved in the checkpoint regulation. CSN in fungal system more closely resembles that of the higher organisms in the structure and assembly of their components. Functionally, CSN is associated with the regulation of conidiation rhythms in Neurospora crassa and the sexual development in Aspsergillus nidulans. Recent studies also revealed that CSN functions as an essential cell cycle regulator, playing key roles in the regulation of DNA replication and DNA damage response in Aspergillus. Overall, CSN of microorganisms, such as fission yeast and fungi, share functionally common aspects with higher organisms, implying that they can be useful tools to study the role of CSN in the CRL-mediated diverse cellular activities.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

The steel-plate concrete(SC) is used in a form of module assembly construction in the outer wall of nuclear-power plant and LNG containment. Since the steel-plate concrete modules are generally manufactured from the plant, the weight of SC has significantly effect on the total construction cost in the aspect of shipment. Therefore, the use of lightweight aggregates concrete(LWAC), which fill the inside of SC module can be a solution. However, the amount of used lightweight aggregates(LWA) is limited in the use of current concrete mixing process due to the concrete quality problems and it also determines the allowable minimum density of LWAC. In this research, the preplaced casting method is applied because of increasing the volume fraction of LWA significantly, which results from the producing process of pre-packing the LWA in the formwork and filling the interstitial voids between LWA using cement paste grout. The density and compressive strength of selected preplaced LWAC were $1,600kg/m^3$ and 30MPa and it was applied for the mock-up specimens of SC panel. It was used for the 3-point bending test for evaluating its structural performance. The results show that the preplaced LWAC can reduce the density of concrete with the adequate mechanical and structural performance.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.207-234
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• 2007

This study examines the roles of government and reasons of defeat on 9.11 terror, iraq war between 2001 and 2003. The administration functions critical role of national security. And punctual, accurate information supply capability helps policymaker's decision-making. Hence, information of punctuality and accuracy should be given to policymakers. And without two above written factors, it will result in failing. Information concoction on policymaker's pressure, biased informant, inaccurate information and lack of assembly means under the extensive organization and technologized spying means, Fail to keep information objectivity, leads to information failure. In the context of a series of facts, we shall cover the position of government and reasons of calamities. Two incidents deem as information failure by national security service, but concoction of Iraqi mass destruction weaponry is believed as bush administration's deception on account of political gains. For fully functional government role, governing body should reinforce all aspects of gathering, analyzing, and making use of information more objectively in the first place. In particular, information concoction involving policymakers post massive stumbling block to organized outcome. The thesis presents a prospective view of government position under the U.S. secret agent over 9.11 terror and Iraq war.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2015

This article describes synthesis and electrochemical properties of layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayer film composed of polyaniline (PANi), graphene oxide (GO) and phytic acid (PA), whereby the GO was electrochemically reduced to ERGO, resulting in $(PANi/ERGO/PANi/PA)_{10}$ film electrode. Especially, we examined the possibility to improve the volumetric capacitive property of $(PANi/ERGO)_{20}$ film electrode via combining a spherical hexakisphosphate PA nanoparticle into the multilayer film that would dope PANi properly and also increase the porosity and surface area of the electrode. The electrochemical performances of the multilayer film electrodes were investigated using a three-electrode configuration in 1 M $H_2SO_4$ electrolyte. As a result, the $(PANi/ERGO)_{20}$ electrode showed the volumetric capacitance of $666F/cm^3$ at a current density of $1A/cm^3$, which was improved to the volumetric capacitance of $769F/cm^3$ for the $(PANi/ERGO/PANi/PA)_{10}$ electrode, in addition to the cycling stability maintained to 79.3% of initial capacitance after 1000 cycles. Thus, the electrochemical characteristics of the $(PANi/ERGO)_{20}$ electrode, which was densely packed by ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking between the electron-rich conjugate components, could have been improved through structural modification of the multilayer film via combining a spherical hexakisphosphate PA nanoparticle into the multilayer film.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.388-396
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• 2009

In our study, the potential of okara as an ingredient of new bio-based adhesives was investigated for the production of fancy-veneered flooring boards. Okara was hydrolyzed by 1% sulfuric acid solution (AC) and 1% sodium hydroxide solution (AK). Phenol formaldehyde (PF) prepolymers were prepared as a cross-linker of okara hydrolyzates. Then, okara-based adhesive resins were formulated with 35% AC, 35% AK and 30% PF prepolymer on solid content basis. The adhesive resins were applied on high-density fiberboards (HDF) with the spread rate of $300g/m^2$. After that, oak fancy veneers are covered on the HDF, and then pressed with the pressure of $7kg/m^2$ at $120^{\circ}C$. The experimental variables were three mole ratios of formaldehyde to phenol (1.8, 2.1, 2.4), three assembly time (0, 10, 20 min), and two press time (90 sec, 120 sec), respectively. The fancy-veneered high-density fiberboards were tested by dry tensile strength, glueline failure by wetting and formaldehyde emission. Tensile strength of the boards exceeded the requirement of KS standard. The formaldehyde emissions were approached at the E0 level specified in KS standard. Based on these results, okara can be used as an ingredient of environmentally friendly adhesive resin systems for the production of flooring boards.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.31-46
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• 2011

The purpose of this survey was to give data and information about type and needs of Home Physical Therapy, Visiting Physical Therapy and School Physical Therapy for physical and nurse. The subjects were 154(99 physical therapists and 55 nurses) who were working at geriatric rehabilitation hospitals and children hospitals. The period of questionary collection was from the 15 of August to the 15th of September 2011. And data was analysis from 99 articles such as journals related to physical therapy, and searched with keyword 'home and visiting physical therapy' by web site and Korea National Assembly Library from 1991 to 2011. The data was analysis with percentage, mean, standard deviation and ANOVA by SPSS PC 12.0. The results were as follows; 1. The definition of 'Home Physical Therapy' has been community based on physical therapy service for the patient who had diagnosis by medical doctor, has been based on medical law. The definition of 'Visiting Physical Therapy' has been community based on physical therapy service at home for the patient who had diagnosis by medical doctor, for the national basic living security, and senior citizen over 65 years who lives alone, has been based on law for community health and law of long term health insurance. The definition of 'School Physical Therapy' has been school based on physical therapy service at school after class for the disabled children who are studying at school, has been based on special education law article 28. 2. As for the knowledge of the Home and Visiting and School Physical Therapy, both groups PT and nurse were 'I do not know'125(81.3%) of the difference the concept of 3 definitions, so it means to need education and information about the different concept of three physical therapy. As for the needs of home and visiting physical therapy, both groups of PT and Nurse were 'needs' 151(98.1%). Physical therapist showed of 'Needs' on visiting physical therapy 35(35.4%), home physical therapy 32(32.3%), and schole physical therapy 32(32.3%). Nurse showed of 'Needs' on home physical therapy 23(41.8%). visiting physical therapy 19(34.5%), school physical therapy 13(23.6%). Therefore it is necessary to have home and visiting physical therapy as for the elderly and disabled person. 3. As for the qualification of Home and Visiting physical therapist, both PT and nurse groups showed as follows; take post graduation education program for home and visiting therapy after became PT : home physical therapist 108(70.1%), visiting physical therapist 106(68.8%). So it means education center or university can be developed post graduation program for home and visiting physical therapist. 4. As for the 'Needs' of school physical therapy, both groups of PT and nurse showed as follows; 'Needs' 142(92.2%), 'Needs superviser education program' 148(96.1%), in PT group showed 'I will participate of education program' 92(92.9%). 5. As for the present states of research papers or report of home, visiting, and school physical therapy was as follows; the 103 papers for 8 fields about' the needs of home and visiting physical therapy' from 1991 to 2011, the 13 papers for 2 fields about school physical therapy from 2001 to 2011, so total papers were 114 articles.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.389-398
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• 2011

In this paper, the design and fabrication of a transmit/receive(T/R) module for Ka-band phased array radar is presented. A 5bit digital phase shifter and digital attenuator were used in common for both transmitter and receiver considering unique Ka-band characteristic. The circulator was excluded in the T/R module and was placed outside T/R module. The transmitting power per element antenna is designed to be about 1 W and the noise figure is designed to be below 8 dB. The designed T/R module RF part has a compact size of $5\;mm{\times}4\;mm{\times}57\;mm$. In order to implement the T/R module, MMICs used in T/R module was separately assessed before assembly of the designed T/R module. The transmitter of the fabricated T/R module shows about 1 W at 5 dBm unit module input power and the receiver shows a gain of about 20 dB and a noise figure of below 8 dB as expected in the design stage.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2001

This research is to analyze spatial characteristics of labor process at the labor properties in footwear industries in Busan Metropolitan area. The production process of a footwear industry is mainly composed of the development and production of goods and design, the development of component parts and materials and the assembly of parts to be end products, and the marketing. Each process inclines to concentrate in a region having the needed labor; therefore, a manufacturing factory for each process attempts to be located at the different places. The critical core functions such as the development of products and design, the development and production of critical component parts and material, and the marketing are carried out by manufacturing companies with the trademark of the products. These functions intend to be located in the Sasang industrial complex in Busan city and Seoul metropolitan area. The function such as the development and production of major component parts and materials needs high skilled technicians and well trained laborer, and inclines to be located in traditional footwear industrial regions. The assembling process is carried out by skilled females and/or unskilled labors, and attempt to be accompanied with critical core functions or outsourcing. This process has been spatially concentrated in the traditional footwear industrial areas; but recently it extends to the developing countries. The development and production of materials and the production of component parts mainly depending on male labors incline to be located in the developed countries for critical core component parts and materials, and to be located in Busan for major components parts and materials. The production of standardized components parts and materials are carried out in the less developed countries.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-79
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• 2017

The major purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the presidential system in South Korea during the past three decades ever since the country's democratization in 1987 from the comparative institutional perspective. As imperial presidentialism during the so-called three Kim's era(1987-2003) disappeared right after the political retirement of the three Kims in 2003, then president-centered presidentialism emerged during the post-three Kim's era, since the country's recent three presidents possessed their relatively low-level of partisan power in terms of their control of National Assemblies and their respective presidents' parties during their presidencies. South Korea has now a strong possibility to transform the current president-centered presidentialism into the American-style separatist presidential system in the near future, since the country's National Assembly has continuously been making its efforts to function as an effective governing body being compatible with the American Congress. In addition, the country's judiciary branch has effectively been playing a political role like the US supreme court ever since the country's democratization in 1987. It is also emphasized that South Korea's civic society is currently playing as a guardian of democracy through its effective and responsive political participations in many public sectors for promoting civic liberties, public welfare, and other democratic values. South Korea now needs to carry out constitutional revisions, political reforms of legislative system, party system, and electoral system as well as correct some contradictory political understandings and habits in a way to transform the current president-centered presidentialism into American-style separatist presidential system in the near future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.446-457
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to grasp the seriousness of depression problems in medical students by examining the research trends among them and to present desirable direction of the future study. A selective search has been conducted for literature published in Nurimedia (DBPIA), Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), National Assembly Library (NANET) and National Digital Science Library (NDSL) databases. 18 papers have been selected for the final analysis. The results showed that studies on depression problems were published in very small proportion which researchers with diverse majors including psychiatry participated. Second, most of depression assessment tools usually measured depression only while some did various psychological symptoms. Third, independent t test was the most frequent analytic method. Last but not least, there was no research dealing with intervention about depression in medical students. To sum up, though numerous researchers with diverse specialties participated in the depression study and analyzed the data using various analyses and variables, there is a lack of intervention for depression of the medical students. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the necessity of practical intervention based on the evidence-based practice.