• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.169-187
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• 1995

Contemporary US metropolitan areas have undergone divergent economic transformation, and as a result labor markets have become the focus of concern in their role as determinants of earnings attainment. Explanations of individual earnings attainmnent as a lobor market outcome have been established in two diafferent stances one who emphasizes personal or group attributes in the human capital perspective and the other who emphasizes economic structure in the labor market segmentation perspective. While remaining at the conceptual level and yet relatively unexplored, the importance of place in labormarket operation is a significant advancement as it appears in labor market areas and local labor markets considering that labor market areas represent the intersection of labor market structure and individual labor market experiences at specific geographic places. The substantive inquiry of this study was to explore labor market characteristics and their differentiation across large metropolitan areas, and assess their effects on the individual earnings attainment. Integating individual attributes and labor market characteristics as major factors of labor market operation, this study intended to contextualize individual earnings attainment with geographic labor market areas. Using 1990 US population census 5% "Public-Use Microdata Samples, " the largest 65 metropolitan areas were first selected and employed male workers who are aged between 25 and 50 for whites, blacks, asians, and hispanics. As an initial step earnings differentials between racial/ethnic groups and selected 65 metropolitan areas were examined using analysis of variance, and then earnings differentials were attributed to the individual attributes such as education, age, and immigration status, and four dimensions of metropolitan labor market differentiation devised by principal component analysis of industrial and occupational segments: Public versus Blue Collar Core(CS1), Finance-Core Utility versus Blue Collar Local Monopoly (CS2), Oligopoly versus Blue Collar Periphery(CS3), and Self Employed-White Collar Periphery versus Low-Skill Core(CS4). As a final analysis, individual earnings were related to each individual attribute and its interaction with metropolitan labor market characteristics to examine how the differentiated metropolitan labor market characteristics alter the role of individual attributes on earnings attainment. The findings indicated that individual attributes, education in particular exert significant effects on earnings attainment, but their effects were significantly altered by metropolitan labor market characterristics. Particularly important dimensions were: Oligopoly differentiated from Blue Colla Periphery metropolitan areas enhancing earnings returns to individual attributes for all groups but minority groups (black, asians, hispanics) rely more on this, and Finance-Core Utility differentiated from Blue Collar Local Monopoly metropolitan areas provide higher earnings returns to whites exclusively. These findings suggest that individuals with identical individual attributes involving racial/ethnic categories would have different earnings atteinments depending on the metropolitan labor market characteristics where they reside. Referring back to the major traditions of the human capital and the labor market segmentation in labor market research, the interaction between individual attributes and metropolitan labor market haracteristics on earnings attainment highlights the complimentary nature of the two on earnings determination in particular geographic places, Hence, labor market characteristics differentiatcd across metropolitan areas are an integral part of labor market operation which should be considered for the explanation of individual earnings attainment and racial/ethnic group earnings differentials. Gcographic places are the important contexts for labor market segmentation and individual labor market experiences. In conclusion, this study brings geographic labor markets to the forefront in the examination of individuals' earnings attainments. The empirical vaidation of the role of metropolitan labor market charecteristics on earnings attainment, while exploratory contributes towards a broader perspective of geographic labor market research that recognizes that individuals' labor market experiences are intertwined with geographic contexts of labor market operatin. operatin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 한국경영과학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.157-160
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• 2001

Firms pursue new business opportunities for growth. Market development strategy is one of the growth strategies, which develops new market segments with current products. However, new market generally has high uncertainty, or high risk. Firms should consider the risk in making and implementing the market development strategy. In this paper, an optimal marketing resource allocation model is developed, taking into account the risk attitude of a firm in market development. Under the assumption of exponential utility function, the global optimal solution is derived, and the implications are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1985

When an economy has institutional price constraints the relationship between market prices and shadow prices is not yet fully investigated. A pure consumption economy is considered where market prices guide the consumption behavior and shadow prices measure the social value of resources. In this case we show that if the utility function is additively separable there exists a complementarity relation between the difference of the market price and the shadow price and the difference of the market price and the regulated upper (or lower) bound.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• 제67권5호
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• pp.617-625
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• 2018

Since FERC order 755 was published, each frequency regulation market rules of the North American ISO/RTO have been revised in many parts. In 2016, the domestic CBP market has also changed its market rules to allow ESS to participate in the frequency regulation reserve services(Governor Free and Automatic Generation Control). This paper compares and analyzes the changed North American ISP/RTO market and domestic CBP market rules. In particular, we compare PJM and CAISO frequency regulation market pricing mechanism and settlement rules with the settlement rules of the domestic CBP market and compare the factors of each market used to compensate the participating resources in terms of resource dependency and accuracy.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2005

At present Cournot model is one of the most commonly used theories to analyze the gaming situation in oligopoly market. But there exist several problems to apply this model to electricity market. The representative one is to obtain the inverse demand curve able to be induced from the relationship between market price and demand response. In Cournot model, each player offers their generation quantity to accomplish maximum profit, which is accomplished by reducing their quantity compared with available total capacity. As stated above, to obtain the probable Cournot equilibrium to reflect real market situation, we have to induce the correct demand function first of all. Usually the correlation between price and demand appears on the long-term basis through the statistical data analysis (for example, regression analysis) or by investigating consumer utility functions of several consumer groups classified as residential, industrial, and commercial. However, the elasticity has a tendency to change continuously according to the total market demand size or the level of market price. Therefore it should be updated as trading period passes by. In this paper we propose a method for inducing and updating this price elasticity of demand function for more realistic market equilibrium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2017

Stability of labor market in rural areas was analyzed in this paper with categories of industrial group, employment scale, surviving period, and founder group. The stability of each classified labor market was compared with each other to figure out the stable business class and the unstable class in rural areas. The results of rural areas were compared with those of urban areas. The stability was analyzed with average and coefficient of variation (C.V.) of annual total employees' change rates. It was revealed that labor market of 'primary industry', including agriculture, is unstable. Especially, labor market of 'mid-size' and 'primary industry' businesses founded as 'incorporated company' in rural areas is vulnerable. While labor market of 'large-size' is proved to be unstable, it is confirmed that 'small-size' or 'mid-size', and 'over-ten-year survived' businesses have positive contribution to the stable labor market in rural and urban areas. The results show that the stability of labor market is different in each category of business and in each region of rural or urban area. It is expected that the results can be utilized for the regional development policies, of labor and industry part.

• Health Policy and Management
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2006

There is general consensus in the research literature that market orientation is related to organizational performance. The study examines this relationship in the Korean hospital industry. One feature of this study is to examine the differences between large and small hospitals in terms of their market orientation, performance and the relationship between these constructs. The other feature is that both market orientation and performance are conceptualized as being multi-dimensional constructs. Hence a structural equations modeling (SEM) technique is used to examine the dimensionality of market orientation and performance and to examine the nature of this relationship. Data for this study are collected using a questionnaire that is mailed to the top marketing-related managers of 1,048 hospitals. Usable responses are obtained from 230 hospitals for a response rate of 21.9%. The SEM results confirm the multi-dimensional nature of both market orientation and performance, and the strong relationships between the constructs. Interestingly, this relationship is found to be much stronger for smaller hospitals than for larger hospitals. For smaller hospitals, this study shows that market orientation has a tremendous influence on performance, with almost 73.9% of the variance in performance being attributed to market orientation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2005

Restructuring of the electric power industry has brought the issue of market competitiveness to surface. Recent years have witnessed the appearance of a particular seller or group of sellers exercising market power in electricity supply. In fact, much scholarly work has been done on how to identify and mitigate such abuse by market management rules. In this paper we assess the possible market power on the basis of pivotal supplier test and propose the method to determine the reasonable quantity of long-term contracts which can play a crucial role in mitigating the market power for a pivotal player. Furthermore the market efficiency is guaranteed by making long term contracts with a pivotal player up to the quantity to ensure that the pivotal player has no incentive to abuse the pivotal quantity in the electricity market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• 제25권6_2호
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• pp.1029-1036
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• 2022

The traditional outdoor advertising market has been stagnant recently, but the digital advertising market has been steadily increasing, and the digital signage market has been expanding despite the recent corona pandemic. However, in terms of hardware, new displays are required due to excessive power consumption, lack of visibility in sunlight, and continuous operating expenses. Since the e-paper display does not require a light emitting device therein, it is advantageous to solve above problems. In addition, it has the advantage of consuming power only when converting an image due to bistability, so it is suitable as hardware that implements images rather than moving pictures. Currently, one of the most successful examples of commercializing e-paper displays is ESL devices. According to a recent market study, the market for large-sized panels larger than 10 inches has grown at an annual rate of 21.6%, and the market is expected to exceed 30% by 2026. It is judged that it will be relatively easy to apply the roll-to-roll technology, which is currently developing the technology applied to OLED, to the e-paper display. Therefore, mass production technology and market expansion for ESL panel enlargement are expected, and a new market is also expected to be formed at the same time. New markets will be traffic signs, public displays, billboards, façades, kiosks, digital signage, and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• 제25권4_2호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2022

Market convergence plays an increasingly important role in sustaining competitiveness and providing impetus for the new product development. However, existing research focused mostly on the analysis of convergence at technology level. This study examines the phenomenon of market convergence based on the start-up data. Similar to the analysis of technology convergence, this study adopts the concept of co-classification analysis for constructing the co-occurrence matrix and the corresponding network. In this context, network centrality measures were calculated to assess the influence of individual market segments. Based on three metrics "growth", "persistence" and "novelty", the market convergence dynamics were explored and promising interactions between two distinct market segments were highlighted. The findings suggest that both segments "AI" and "blockchain" are acting as a driver that fosters market convergence in the startup landscape. The analysis results can provide valuable information for the R&D managers and policy makers in the design of targeted policies and programs, which can promote market convergence and interdisciplinary knowledge transfer.