• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2017

An electric steam boiler equipped with a condensate recovery system, which stores the condensate generated after using steam in steam washers, steam cookers, steam irons, and steam cleaners in a condensate tank and supplies compressed air to the condensate tank so that the condensate is recovered to the boiler by the pressure of the compressed air, was studied. In the results of this study, the heat energy balance between the quantity of the heat generated by the non-metallic surface heating element and the quantity of the heat absorbed by the water was good in a range of ${\pm}5%$. In addition, the heat transfer rate increased in proportion to the electric power of the surface heating element heater, the waste heat energy was normally recovered by the recovery of the condensate of the steam boiler equipped with the high compression waste heat recovery system, and the recovery rate of the waste heat exhibited 23%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.609-619
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• 2022

Obesity is a primary factor provoking various chronic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, and causes the death of 2.8 million individuals each year. Diet, physical activity, medications, and surgery are the main therapies for overweightness and obesity. During weight loss therapy, a decrease in energy stores activates appetite signaling pathways under the regulation of neuropeptides, including anorexigenic [corticotropin-releasing hormone, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cholecystokinin (CCK), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript] and orexigenic [agoutirelated protein (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and melanin-concentrating hormone] neuropeptides, which increase food intake and lead to failure in attaining weight loss goals. Ginseng and ginsenosides reverse these signaling pathways by suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides (NPY and AgRP) and provoking anorexigenic neuropeptides (CCK and POMC), which prevent the increase in food intake. Moreover, the results of network pharmacology analysis have revealed that constituents of ginseng radix, including campesterol, beta-elemene, ginsenoside Rb1, biotin, and pantothenic acid, are highly correlated with neuropeptide genes that regulate energy balance and food intake, including ADIPOQ, NAMPT, UBL5, NUCB2, LEP, CCK, GAST, IGF1, RLN1, PENK, PDYN, and POMC. Based on previous studies and network pharmacology analysis data, ginseng and its compounds may be a potent source for obesity treatment by regulating neuropeptides associated with appetite.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of interior landscape that influence preference at a department store in order to answer the research question; What are the effective factors of interior landscape that affect preference at a department store. After review of the effect of interior landscape, and the interior landscape at a department store, we constructed a literature framework and have formulated the hypothesis of this research. We have analyzed the data which surveyed 108 visitors about the interior landscape in a department store, using factor analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and the multiple linear regression method. We found that; 1) eleven variables can be selected for the effects of interior landscape at department store: accessibility, image, stay, distinction, comfort, complexity, cleanness, mystery, purification of atmosphere, noise and harmony. Among the 11 independent variables used to study the effect of interior landscape at a department store, the image and purification of atmosphere highly affect preference. 2) These 11 variables are grouped by factor analysis as effects of amenity, attractiveness and identity. 3) As a result of multiple regression analysis, independent variables influencing preference were proved statistically significant at one percent level. 4) Regarding their relative contribution of interior landscape effect at a department store, the effects of amenity was the most important and it showed a level of importance 1.4 times higher than the effect of identity, and 1.25 times higher than the effect of attractiveness. The research results suggest the need for guidelines for the creation of interior landscape at department stores. The approach and analysis method adopted by this research is highly useful for the evaluation of interior landscape criteria at a department store. It is recommended that more practical study on factors affecting user's preference be performed in the future.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

공간분석에서는 사용되는 공간데이터 종류에 따라, 각각의 특징있는 분석법을 요구하므로, 다양한 접근법을 필요로 한다. 특히, 두 종류의 상이한 공간데이터 집합이 공존하는 경우, 어느 한 공간객체의 분포에 영향을 끼치는 다른 공간객체 집합에 대한 부분집합을 추출하여, 공간객체간의 관계성을 규명할 수가 있다. 지리정보시스템 등의 공간객체 분석기술의 발달로, 시각적으로도 간단히 공간객체간의 관계성을 파악할 수 있으나, 데이터의 양이 방대해지는 추세에서는, 지리정보시스템 (geographical information system)상에서 시각화된 공간객체 정보만으로는 서로 다른 공간객체간의 분포에서 상호관계성을 정량적으로 분석하기 어렵다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 정량적 기준을 통해, 서로 다른 두 공간객체 간의 관계성 분석을 주목적으로 한다. 모델화된 정량적 기준의 평가를 위해 분석에 사용되는 실제 데이터는, 소규모 소매점포의 매출데이터를 사례로 들기로 한다. 데이터 수집에 제한이 있다는 특수환경으로 인해, 본 연구에서 사용되는 모델은 로짓모델을 기반으로 한 미지파라미터 추정이 가능하도록 구성되어있다. 제안된 모델을 사용하여, 대상점포의 매출분포에 큰 영향을 끼치는 것으로 판단되는 경쟁점포를 일련의 경쟁점포 집합에서 추출하며, 그 결과의 타당성을 검증하도록 한다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the residue level of fluoroquinolones in hen's general eggs and specific eggs by microbiological assay method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. HPLC separation was carried out by reversed phase chromatography on a Symmetry $C_{18}$ (250${\times}$4.6 mm, $5{\mu}m$ particle size) with a phase composed of distilled water (containing 0.4% triethylamine and phosphoric acid) : Methanol (780 : 220, v/v), pumped isocratically at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. A fluorescence detector was utilized with an excitation wavelength of 278nm and an emission wavelength of 456nm. The calibration curves were linear $({\gamma}^2{\geq}0.999)$ over a concentration range of $0.025{\sim}0.4{\mu}g/ml$. Average recoveries of the five fluoroquinolones in whole eggs at fortified levels of $0.05{\sim}0.2{\mu}g/g$ were ranged mean $78.1{\sim}91.7%$ and low coefficient of variation was less than 10% for all analysed samples. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for whole eggs were $1.2{\sim}6.0ng/g$ and $2.3{\sim}9.1ng/g$, respectively. Only one hen's general eggfrom chicken farm in Incheon was detected with the residual fluoroquinolones (Microbiological assay method; 1 of 47 general eggs) ; the range of residual concentration enrofloxacin was 0.12ppm. Those in food stores were detected with the residual fluoroquinolones (Microbiological assay method; 4 of 88 general eggs) ; the ranges of residual concentration enrofloxacin were $0.15{\sim}2.2 ppm$, ciprofloxacin $0.01{\sim}0.06ppm$, and hen's specific eggs (40) in food stores were not detected. For the microbiological assay method of fluoroquinolones in hen's eggs, as the results of comparative analysis, the disc diffusion method with E coli may be a little highly detected for the residual fluoroquinolones.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.422-427
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 커피전문점과 유통용 제품으로 시판되는 더치커피의 미생물 오염 실태를 조사하고, 보관온도에 따른 오염실태의 변화를 관찰하였다. 커피전문점에서 구입한 더치커피에서는 구입 당일 실험한 결과, 평균 $35.2{\pm}15.8CFU/mL$의 일반 세균수를 나타내었고, 이를 밀봉하여 실온과 냉장온도에서 5일간 보관 후 다시 실시한 실험에서는 실온에 보관 시 평균 $78.4{\pm}29.7CFU/mL$, 냉장보관 시 평균 $51.2{\pm}32.1CFU/mL$의 일반 세균수를 나타내 실온보관 시 식품위생법의 기준에 육박하는 수치를 나타내었다. 10일이 경과했을 때에는 오염의 정도가 더 크게 나타나, 실온보관 시료에서는 $98.5{\pm}58.4CFU/mL$, 냉장보관 시료에서는 $86.7{\pm}44.2CFU/mL$로 나타났다. 백화점이나 인터넷 등에서 포장판매되는 더치커피의 경우에는 초기 일반 세균수가 $39.6{\pm}20.1CFU/mL$로 커피전문점의 일반세균수와 크게 차이가 없었다. 그러나 더치시료를 5일간 보관한 후에 일반 세균수를 측정하였더니, 0일과 비교해서 별 차이를 보이지 않는 특이한 현상을 나타내었다. 이러한 현상을 냉장보관이나 실온보관한 모든 시료에서 관찰되었다. 대장균군은 커피 전문점 시료나 포장판매되는 더치커피 어떤 시료에서도 발견되지 않았다. 구입 즉시 실시한 곰팡이 실험에서 측정 대상 시료의 60% 정도에서 곰팡이가 검출되었고, 나타난 균수는 $2.6{\pm}1.7CFU/mL$였다. 이러한 곰팡이는 실온보관 시 5일 후 $2.1{\pm}1.6CFU/mL$, 10일 후 $3.0{\pm}2.4CFU/mL$로 날짜의 경과에 따라 크게 변화하지 않았으며, 냉장보관 시에도 5일 후 $3.5{\pm}2.7CFU/mL$, 10일 후에는 $3.2{\pm}2.9CFU/mL$를 나타내었다. 실온보관과 냉장보관한 더치커피의 곰팡이균수에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았다($p{\geq}0.05$). 인터넷 등에서 판매하는 포장판매용 더치커피에서는 $3.5{\pm}3.4CFU/mL$의 곰팡이가 발견되었는데, 총 9개 시료 중 6개 시료나 되어 높은 검출률을 보이고 있었다. 커피전문점의 결과보다 다소 높은 군집수를 보였으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 일반적으로 음용하는 5배수로 희석하여 실온과 냉장온도에 보관하고 5일과 10일에 다시 곰팡이 실험을 실시하였더니, 커피전문점에서 구매한 더치커피의 경우와 마찬가지로 군집의 수가 크게 늘지 않고 비슷한 수를 보이고 있음이 알 수 있었다. 보관한 온도에 의한 차이도 나타나지 않았다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2015

Adaptive brain function and synaptic plasticity rely on dynamic regulation of local proteome. One way for the neuron to introduce new proteins to the axon terminal is to transport those from the cell body, which had long been thought as the only source of axonal proteins. Another way, which is the topic of this review, is synthesizing proteins on site by local mRNA translation. Recent evidence indicates that the axon stores a reservoir of translationally silent mRNAs and regulates their expression solely by translational control. Different stimuli to axons, such as guidance cues, growth factors, and nerve injury, promote translation of selective mRNAs, a process required for the axon's ability to respond to these cues. One of the critical questions in the field of axonal protein synthesis is how mRNA-specific local translation is regulated by extracellular cues. Here, we review current experimental techniques that can be used to answer this question. Furthermore, we discuss how new technologies can help us understand what biological processes are regulated by axonal protein synthesis in vivo.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2013

Vertical open display cases are widely used in shopping malls, supermarkets, or retail stores to sell frozen and refrigerated products. Open display cases use air curtains to maintain a reasonable temperature within the storage space, prevent insects from breaking in, and reduce energy usage. In this research, computational fluid dynamics was used to find the optimal condition for reducing energy by considering various conditions such as discharge speed or temperature of air curtains. Results of the study showed that the amount of energy consumed in the display cabinet is influenced by the discharge speed and temperature of the slots installed on the upper area and the amount of air supplied to the storage area inside the shelf. This shows that the amount of discharged air supplied from the storage area influences the formation of air curtain and also the amount of energy consumption. As a result of this study, we learned that the amount of energy used can be reduced by increasing the amount of discharged air within the storage area and enhancing back pressure.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2015

Nitric Oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in the nociceptive process. Our previous study suggested that high concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, induce a membrane hyperpolarization and outward current through large conductances calcium-activated potassium ($BK_{ca}$) channels in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons. In this study, patch clamp recording in spinal slices was used to investigate the sources of $Ca^{2+}$ that induces $Ca^{2+}$-activated potassium currents. Application of SNP induced a membrane hyperpolarization, which was significantly inhibited by hemoglobin and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl) -4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (c-PTIO), NO scavengers. SNP-induced hyperpolarization was decreased in the presence of charybdotoxin, a selective $BK_{Ca}$ channel blocker. In addition, SNP-induced response was significantly blocked by pretreatment of thapsigargin which can remove $Ca^{2+}$ in endoplasmic reticulum, and decreased by pretreatment of dentrolene, a ryanodine receptors (RyR) blocker. These data suggested that NO induces a membrane hyperpolarization through $BK_{ca}$ channels, which are activated by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase via activation of RyR of $Ca^{2+}$ stores.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2014

$Ca^{2+}$ release from intracellular stores and influx from extracellular reservoir regulate a wide range of physiological functions including muscle contraction and rhythmic heartbeat. One of the most ubiquitous pathways involved in controlled $Ca^{2+}$ influx into cells is store-operated $Ca^{2+}$ entry (SOCE), which is activated by the reduction of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in the lumen of endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). Although SOCE is pronounced in non-excitable cells, accumulating evidences highlight its presence and important roles in skeletal muscle and heart. Recent discovery of STIM proteins as ER/SR $Ca^{2+}$ sensors and Orai proteins as $Ca^{2+}$ channel pore forming unit expedited the mechanistic understanding of this pathway. This review focuses on current advances of SOCE components, regulation and physiologic and pathophysiologic roles in muscles. The specific property and the dysfunction of this pathway in muscle diseases, and new directions for future research in this rapidly growing field are discussed.