• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.792-798
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• 2012

A general concept on the definition of the second law efficiencies of thermodynamic cycles is introduced. The efficiency is defined to be proportional to the entropy generation divided by the maximum possible entropy generation. This way of definition of the cycle efficiency is clear and concise and, moreover, follows faithfully the concept of the second law of thermodynamics. This definition is applied to heat engine, refrigerator and heat pump. The second law efficiencies of heat engine and refrigeration cycles are derived, which are the same as the existing ones, respectively. The second law efficiency of heat pump, however, finds to be different from the existing one. Discussion is given about the difference and its cause.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2012

We discovered that definition of a Geometrical Progression(Sequence) have some differences in domestic textbooks & some foreign countries' books. This will be able to cause a chaos when students divide whether a sequence is a Geometrical Progression(Sequence) or not, and a question error when teachers compose questions about convergence conditions of Infinite Geometric progressions & series. We took a question investigation for students about definition of a Geometrical Progression(that is called G. P.), we discovered that high level students have an error about definition of a G. P.. So We modified expressions of terminology in domestic textbooks appropriately through a Geometrical Progression(Sequence), infinite series, & infinite geometrical series in some foreign countries' books.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2016

Many improper development action were performed at subsurface environment, because there were not any definition about subsurface environment in Korea. The purpose of this study was to establich a definition on subsurface environment. Subsurface environment could be divided by subsurface natural environment and subsurface living environment. The soil, groundwater, ecosystems, landscapes, underground space (naturally occurred) were included in subsurface natural environment. And space and facilities used by human were classified as subsurface living environment.

• Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics
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• 제5권1_2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

This study is on a Boolean B or Boolean lattice L in abstract algebra with closed binary operation *, complement and distributive properties. Both Binary operations and logic properties dominate this set. A lattice sheds light on binary operations and other algebraic structures. In particular, the construction of the elements of this L set from idempotent elements, our definition of k-order idempotent has led to the expanded definition of the definition of the lattice theory. In addition, a lattice offers clever solutions to vital problems in life with the concept of logic. The restriction on a lattice is clearly also limit such applications. The flexibility of logical theories adds even more vitality to practices. This is the main theme of the study. Therefore, the properties of the set elements resulting from the binary operation force the logic theory. According to the new definition given, some properties, lemmas and theorems of the lattice theory are examined. Examples of different situations are given.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.452-458
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• 2020

본 연구는 식물성 식품에 대한 잔류농약의 국내와 코덱스의 residue definition 비교를 통해 국내에서 식이노출 과소평가의 가능성이 있는 농약성분을 파악하고 더 나아가 식이노출 과소평가가 위해성 평가에 미치는 영향에 대해 우선적으로 검토가 필요한 농약성분을 알아내고자 하였다. 연구결과, 국내와 코덱스의 residue definition 정보로부터 식이노출 과소평가의 가능성이 있는 44종의 농약성분이 파악되었다. 이들 성분 중 농약성분의 ADI값, 국내 MRL 정보 및 대사물질의 독성학적 정보에 근거하여 다음의 24종 농약성분이 식이노출 과소평가가 위해성 평가에 미치는 영향에 대해 우선적으로 검토가 필요한 것으로 나타났다: acibensolar-S-methyl, chlorfenapyr, chlorothalonil, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyflumetofen, dithiocarbamates, fenamidone, fenpyroximate, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluopicolide, flupyradifuron, fluxapyroxad, glyphosate, hexythiazox, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, myclobutanil, penthiopyrad, propiconazole, spinetoram, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, trifloxystrobin. 더 나아가 chlorfenapyr, chlorothalonil, dithiocarbamates, fenamidone은 대사물질의 독성이 더 커서 특히 우선적으로 검토가 요구되는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 식품 중 잔류농약에 대한 국내 위해성 평가방법의 개선을 위해 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2019

우리나라 미래 핵심과제 중 하나인 자율주행자동차를 지원하는 정밀도로지도에 대한 구축과 연구가 민간, 국가 차원에서 빠른 실용화를 목표로 적극적으로 추진되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 정밀도로지도의 변화정보의 최신성 확보 및 갱신에 대한 방법이 핵심과제로 부각되고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 정밀도로지도의 효율적인 갱신체계 정립 방안을 마련하기 위하여 도로의 종류, 도로변화의 원인과 연간 변화율 등의 현황과 정밀도로지도 관련 시스템과 정밀도로지도 갱신체계 구축을 위한 고려사항을 분석하였다. 이러한 현황분석을 토대로 정밀도로지도의 전각문자, 내용, 지역 등을 고려하여 도로변화 정보의 수집 탐지 방법과 정밀도로지도의 갱신체계를 단기적 방안과 중장기적 방안으로 제시하였다. 현재는 기술적, 시스템적 제한으로 인해 단기적 갱신체계를 적용해야 할 것으로 판단되었으며 향후에는 기술개발과 업무협조 체계 구축 등 시스템적 개선을 통해 중장기 갱신체계 방안을 조속히 도입해 효율적이고 실시간적인 정밀도로지도 갱신체계를 구축해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2016

This paper aims to define the relational logic of in-between code articles as well as within atomic sentences in Korean Building Code, as an intermediate research and development process for the automated building permit system of Korea. The approach depicted in this paper enables the software developers to figure out the logical relations in order to compose KBimCode and its databases. KBimCode is a computer-readable form of Korean Building Code sentences based on a logic rule-based mechanism. Two types of relational logic definition are described in this paper. First type is a logic definition of relation between code sentences. Due to the complexity of Korean Building code structure that consists of decree, regulation or ordinance, an intensive analysis of sentence relations has been performed. Code sentences have a relation based on delegation or reference each other. Another type is a relational logic definition in a code sentence based on translated atomic sentence(TAS) which is an explicit form of atomic sentence(AS). The analysis has been performed because the natural language has intrinsic ambiguity which hinders interpreting embedded meaning of Building Code. Thus, both analyses have been conducted for capturing accurate meaning of building permit-related requirements as a part of the logic rule-based mechanism.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

Background : Clinical practice guidelines are an increasingly familiar part of clinical practice. Moreover, rigorously developed evidence based guidelines has been widely used. However, in Korea, some of published documents as clinical practice guidelines have shown considerable disparity in structure, contents and quality. This is mainly because there is no consensus on the definition and quality standard of clinical practice guidelines. The purpose of this study was to draw consensus on the definition and the quality standard about clinical practice guidelines. Method : We developed a questionnaire about the definition of clinical practice guidelines with inclusion criteria(23 items) and the quality standard(30 items). We selected 9 experts who had prior experience in developing and implementing guidelines. Rating methods for appropriateness of items were adopted from the RAND method. Consensus was drawn in three rounds. Results : Of the 47 items agreed, 40 items were determined to be appropriate. Clinical practice guidelines were defined as "scientifically and systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patients on making decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances." Narrative reviews, systematic reviews or health technology assessment without recommendations, translation of foreign guidelines, guidelines for patients only and training manuals were not considered as clinical practice guidelines. For the quality standard of clinical practice guidelines, 27 items were deemed necessary. Conclusions : The consensus on the definition with inclusion criteria and the quality standard of clinical practice guidelines carries an important meaning as the first attempt to draw a general agreement in our society. The unique achievement of the consensus reflects the current status of clinical practice guidelines that there has been a high tendency to adapt foreign guidelines. We hope efforts of this kind will continue to bring improvement in clinical practice guidelines.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2022

본 연구는 대형 국책사업의 성공요인을 도출하기 위해 용산국가공원 조성사업에 참여하고 있는 전문가를 대상으로 설문을 조사하여 프로그램 정의단계 핵심성공요인을 분석하였다. 정의단계 용산공원 조성사업의 참여하고 있는 전문가를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 각각의 범주에 대해 AHP분석을 수행하여 상대적 중요도를 파악하였다. 대형 국책사업 프로그램 정의단계 중요한 범주는 프로그램 전략, 프로세스, 사람들로 분류되었으며 범주간 중요도는 사람들, 전략, 프로세스 순으로 나타났다. 또한, 프로그램 정의단계 27개 핵심성공요인들 중에서 프로그램관리자의 역량과 리더십, 환경 및 문화재 조사 기획, 프로그램 관리 계획 준비, 운영 및 유지 철학, 통합된 프로그램 사무소 등이 우선순위가 높게 나타났다. 따라서 용산공원 조성사업을 추진함에 있어서 본 연구에서 제시한 프로그램 정의단계 중요도가 높은 핵심성공요인에 대한 선택과 집중 전략을 제안한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the legal definition and usage of cultural property term related to the architecture within the cultural property-related legal system and general legal system, and to present proper terminology and specific concepts that can be used for the architecture as cultural properties. In the current cultural property legislative system, terms about the architecture are diverse and obscure, and the definition of each term is different from the concept in the general legal system. In this context, this study presented the terminology of 'the architectural heritage' as 'a cultural property by construction act' to cover whole cultural properties related to Korean architecture. And the conceptual scope of the architectural heritage is divided into the technology and the performer related to the act, the record and the building related to the product. and Each concept needs to be specifically tailored to its object and scope. Systematic definition of terms for cultural properties related the architecture can positively influence systematization of cultural property preservation and management as well as empirical research and education on Korean architecture.