• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.199-199
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• 2000

Korean stops are 3 system: aspirated, fortis, lenis, whereas English stops are 2 system: voiced, voiceless. Because in Korean, lenis stop is realized by slight aspirated voiceless stop, it is likely to produce English word initial voiced stop as voiceless stop. We divide subjects into three group-native, experienced, unexperienced- and investigate differences between group. VOT of experienced group IS same as native group, but VOT of unexperienced group is longer than native group. VOt of unexperienced group is 1.8 times than native group. We survey whether the height of following vowel influences VOT of initial stop. As a result, for all group, VOT followed by low vowel is shorter than VOT followed by high vowel. But this tendency is more salient in unexperienced group. For high vowel, VOT of unexperienced group is 2.05 times than native group, whereas for low vowel, it is just 1.55 times. The unexperienced pronounce well English word initial voiced stop followed by low vowel than high vowel. Samples are divided into two group according to type of coda consonant- nasal and voiceless stop. But average of VOT is similar and there is no significant difference between two groups. There is no influence by type of coda consonant. The average of phrases is compared to the average of isolated words. In the case of natives and experienced, there is no significant differences between phrases and words, but in the case of unexperienced, VOT of phrases becomes shorter than words. But VOT of unexperienced is still longer than native group.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.40-53
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• 1992

This sutdy aimed at examining the effect of lingual frenectomy on phonation & tongue movement. Almost the patient visiting to department of oral & maxillofacial surgery for the treatment of tongue tie always complain the speech problem. Many operation was performed according to this problem. But the objective evaluation of the speech change have been deficient. The experimental group was 25 adult males. Fourteen Korean consonants & after Korean vowels was combined and seventy sound was made for speech analysis. Before & after lingual frenectomy, the speech of the above mentioned group was recorded and then analysed by the Speech Workstation computer software. And before & after operation, the lingual frenum & tongue protrusion amount vas measured. The results were as follows : 1. The pre-operative length of lingual frenum was inverse proportion with the pre-operative length of the protrusive tongue. 2. The average difference between pre & post-operative length of the protrusive tongue was about 23 mm. 3. In the comparison of consonant continuing time change, fricative consonant(r, s, h) was increased post-operatively. 4. In the comparison of the vowel frequency formant change, the "i"and "u" sound vas reliably changed. 5. There was no reliable speech changes on the other sounds.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2005

음성학에서 음성이 가지고 있는 주파수 특성을 이용하여 스펙트럼을 추출할 수 있고 이를 이용하여 음성을 분석할 수 있다. 그러나 음성의 스펙트럼은 단모음의 경우 어느 정도 일정한 형태를 유지하지만 음절. 단어 등과 같이 자음과 모음이 서로 결합되었을 때는 상당한 변화가 발생된다. 이는 음소단위 음성인식에 있어서 가장 큰 장애가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주파수 영역과 청각적 인상을 고려한 멜 대역 그리고 멜 켑스트럼을 이용하여 각 자음과 모음이 가지고 있는 스펙트럼을 분석하고, 청각적 특성을 반영한 음성의 변화를 체계화하여 음성을 음소단위로 분할할 수 있는 기반을 제공한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1984

본 연구는 2차원 디지탈 필터링을 이용한 한글 인식 방법에 관한 것이다. 한글의 실용문자 1,659자의 표준 인쇄체를 초성, 중성, 종성의 위치별로 분석하여 총 170가지의 자모로 분류하고 이들 각 자모에 대한 2차원 디지탈 필터링된 모형을 얻어냈다. 이것을 바탕으로 하여 한글 조합문자에 중첩의 원리를 적용하여 자소를 분해. 인식하는 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 모의 시험의 결과. 인쇄체의 경우 100%의 인식률을 얻었다.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the speech duration in Korean-speaking aphasics. Five patients with nonfluent aphasia (2 with traumatic brain injury and 3 with strokes) and five normal adults participated in this experiment. The mean age in patients with nonfluent aphasia was $45.8\pm2.3$ years and $47.4\pm2.3$ years for the normal adults. The Computerized Speech Lab was used to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of the subjects. Voice onset time, vowel duration, total duration, hold and consonant duration were evaluated for the monosyllabic and the polysyllabic words. The patients with nonfluent aphasia did not show the voicing bar on hold area, however, it was seen in the normal persons in the intervocalic position. Explosion duration of glottalized stops in the intervocalic position was significantly prolonged in nonfluent aphasics in comparison with the normal persons. This suggestes that the laryngeal adjustment is disturbed in these patients. Consonant duration, vowel duration, and total duration of the polysyllabic words were significantly longer in the patients with nonfluent aphasia than those of the normal persons. These results demonstrate the disturbances in controlling articulatory muscles during sound production in patients with nonfluent aphasia. The objective and quantitative analysis based on the acoustic characteristics of nonfluent aphasics, will be very useful in therapeutic planning and on the the effects of speech therapy.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 형식별 블럭분할에 기초한 다중신경망과 퍼지추론에 의한 한글 형식분류에 대해 연구하였다. 효과적인 자모분류를 위해 입력문자에 대해서 한글의 각 형식을 구성하는 자모의 영역으로 분할하는 블럭분할방법을 제한하였으며, 분할된 블럭이 형식에 따라 적응적으로 변화할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 분류율의 향상을 위해 전체신경망과 부분신경망으로 이루어진 다중신경망을 구성하였으며, 퍼지추론에 의해 한글 형식을 판정하였다. 비교, 실험을 통하여 제안된 방법의 타당성을 검증하였으며, $92.6\%$의 분류율을 나타내므로서 유효성을 확인하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제10A권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 음절수와 모음 열 정보를 이용한 한국어 연속 숫자 인식을 제안하였다. 제안한 연속 숫자 인식기는 첫 단계로 발성된 연속 숫자 음성에서 음절수와 구간을 추출하고, 두 번째 단계로 모음 열을 인식한다. 이와 같이 인식된 모음 열 정보를 이용하여 인식 후보를 줄이게 된다. 인식후보 모델은 조음효과에 효과적으로 대처할 수 있는 CV(Consonant Vowel), VCCV, VC단위 HMM(Hidden Markov Model)을 사용하여 연속 숫자 음성인식기를 구성하였다. 실험결과 제안된 방법이 조음효과를 효과적으로 대처하고 연결 숫자 인식에 유효함을 확인하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether young children with cleft palate differ from those of noncleft typically developing children in terms of expressive vocabulary size, phonological characteristics and lexical selectivity. A total of 12 children with cleft palate and 12 noncleft children who were matched by age and gender participated in the study. The groups were compared by size of expressive vocabulary reported on Korean version of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories and the number of different words, consonant inventory, the percentage of words beginning with obstruents and vowels, nasal, and glottal sounds, and the percentage of words which do not include obstruents in a language sample. Also, correlation analysis were performed to examine the relationship between measures on size of expressive vocabulary and phonological characteristics. The results showed that expressive vocabulary size and consonant inventory for children with cleft palate produced significantly smaller than those for noncleft children. Children with cleft palate produced significantly more words beginning with vowel or which do not include obstruents, and fewer words beginning with obstruents than noncleft children. The two groups showed different results on significant correlations between measures on size of expressive vocabulary and phonological characteristics indicating that children with cleft palate show different lexical selectivity from their noncleft peers. The results suggest that children with cleft palate aged 18-30 months demonstrate a slower rate of lexical and phonological development compared with their noncleft peers and they develop lexical selectivity reflecting cleft palate speech. The results will have a clinical implication on speech-language intervention for young children with cleft palates.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2021

Recently, with the development of IT technology, unmanned systems are being introduced in many industrial fields, and one of the most important factors for introducing unmanned systems in the automobile field is vehicle licence plate recognition(VLPR). The existing VLPR algorithms are configured to use image processing for a specific type of license plate to divide individual areas of a character within the plate to recognize each character. However, as the number of Korean vehicle license plates increases, the law is amended, there are old-fashioned license plates, new license plates, and different types of plates are used for each type of vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to update the VLPR system every time, which incurs costs. In this paper, we use an object detection algorithm to detect character regardless of the format of the vehicle license plate, and apply a handwritten Hangul recognition(HHR) algorithm to enhance the recognition accuracy of a single Hangul character, which is called a Hangul unit. Since Hangul unit is recognized by combining initial consonant, medial vowel and final consonant, so it is possible to use other Hangul units in addition to the 40 Hangul units used for the Korean vehicle license plate.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.59-77
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• 2005

The aim of the present study is to investigate how the phonemic characteristics influence on the disfluencies of children and adults who stutter. The participants were 10 children(9 boys and 1 girl) and 10 male adults. After having the participants to read out the Paradise-Fluency Assessment(Sim, Shin & Lee, 2004) passages, each of the productions were divided into syllables and words, and then the frequencies and the ratios of their disfluenceis were analyzed according to the specified phonemic features. In terms of the frequency of the disfluency, the participants stuttered more in the words which start with consonant than vowel. But they showed more disfluencies in the words initiated with vowel than consonant when the ratio of each phoneme's presences were considered. There found different tendencies among the phonemic features related with their disfluencies occuring with ralatively high frequency or ratio. It was difficult to find out the exact relationships among the order of the sound acquisition, phonemic complexity, and the disfluencies. To study the exact influence of the phonemic features upon the disfluencies, it comes important to consider the frequency of the stuttering itself together with the ratio of the disfluencies in which the opportunity of the specific sound's presence was considered. To compare the results of the different studies which has similar purposes, it seems important to consider the tasks and the methodologies in depth.