• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to investigate regional characteristics in the consumption of home-cooked varieties of kimchi and jangajji. Data obtained from the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III(KNHANES Ⅲ), which was conducted in 2005, were utilized in this study. A total of 7,810 data were included in our statistical analyses, which were conducted using SPSS 14.0. The total number of home-cooked kimchi and jangajji were 22 and 11, respectively, and Korean cabbage kimchi, young radish kimchi, and kkakdugi were the top 3 varieties of kimchi. Leaf jangajji, green pepper jangajji, and garlic jangajji were most frequently consumed. Additionally, the results of this study revealed significant correlations between neighboring areas in the ranking of consumption of kimchi varieties, whereas the jangajji varieties did not evidence results as distinct as were noted with kimchi. Different kimchi and jangajji variety consumption patterns were noted between the Middle West and South areas, coastal and inland areas, and cities and provinces. Spicy kimchi varieties, in particular, were enjoyed more frequently by households in the South than those in the Middle West. Further analysis using PROXSCAL multidimensional scaling demonstrated the proximity between areas in terms of kimchi and jangajji consumption patterns. In conclusion, more effort should be extended to encourage the consumption of home-cooked regional foods.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.601-610
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chewing difficulty on depression in Korean adults to provide basic data on improving the quality of life related to oral health of Korean adults. Methods: The raw data of the analysis were obtained from the dataset of the seven Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2016 and 2018. The subjects included 9,535 people who underwent oral examination and answered questions. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS (ver 21.0) program using composite samples, and the mean crossover analysis and logistic return analysis were performed. Results: An analysis of the effects of chewing difficulty on depression in Korean adults showed that those with chewing difficulty had a 2.24 fold higher risk of depression (95% CI: 1.73-2.90) and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions: The association between the chewing difficulty on depression could be confirmed, and measures improve of the oral health and preventing depression should be prepared.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.583-594
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• 2021

This study examined the nutrient intake of Korean adults by considering the lunch type, categorized as home meals (HM), eating out (EO), and institutional meals (IM). Data was obtained from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Totally, 3,786 adults (1,643 men, and 2,143 women) aged between 19-64 years were included in the study. Subjects with daily energy intake of less than 500 kcal or over 5,000 kcal, and those who skipped lunch, were excluded. The percentage of subjects in the HM, EO, and IM were 31.9, 53.6, and 14.4%, respectively. The daily energy intakes of the HM, EO, and IM groups were determined to be 2,185, 2,360, and 2,339 kcal, respectively, in men, and 1,622, 1,731, and 1,741 kcal, respectively, in women. Among the three groups, men in the EO group had more intake of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and riboflavin, and less dietary fiber, and whereas women consumed more fat and less dietary fiber and potassium. In the IM group, the men consumed more dietary fiber, potassium, and thiamine, whereas consumption of carbohydrate, unsaturated fatty acid, sodium, potassium, and thiamine was more in women. Energy contributions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were all within the AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges) for all lunch types, except for the percent of energy provided from saturated fat in EO (7.4% in men, and 8.2% in women). Our results indicate that the dietary habit of frequently eating out increases the fat intake, thereby resulting in increased health risks for adults. Thus, implementation of a nutritional education program to encourage balanced dietary habits is required to improve the nutritional status of individuals eating out.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

As Korea is expected to become super high aged society in 2026, nutrition is important elements of health in the elderly and affects their life. In epidemiological surveys, anthropometric and biochemical measurements represent important components of nutritional assessment in elderly. In the present study, we investigated anthropometric index, biochemical markers, and nutrient intake for elderly aged over 85 by using data on 71 elderly (24 men, 47 women) over 85 years which was obtained from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. According to BMI values, the prevalence of underweight and obesity was 9.7% and 34.5% in men, and 7.9% and 26.4% in women. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 70.7% in men and 25.0% in women. However, plasma biochemical data are normal range in the older population. In nutrients intake, daily Intake of energy, protein, dietary fiber, water, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, and potassium was inadequate considering the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans(KDRIs). In conclusion, elderly need to be educated nutrition and their health dietary life to prevent malnutrition, and standard of nutrition intake should be rearranged in elderly aged 85 over considering their antrhopometric index.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2023

The labor environment in Korea has changed and problems related to employment types are treated as important issues. Especially, the ratio of irregular workers has not only increased relatively, but the labor conditions in Korea also have worsened in the current years. Studies have reported an association between temporary workers and the prevalence of diseases. However, there is insufficient research on chronic disease and employment types. Methods: The current study examines the prevalence rate of diseases and health behavior by categorizing employment types among Korean adults. Data were obtained from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Totally, the data of 2,366 workers (1,239 regular and 1,127 irregular) were analyzed in the study. The types of employment were classified by a questionnaire querying about working conditions. The results showed that irregular workers earned less than regular workers and had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We propose that if discrimination related to working conditions were relieved, irregular workers would be able to invest more time to exercise and doing check-ups regularly. In addition, individual nutrition consultations considering the knowledge and personal environmental factors of each individual are necessary for the improved health of all workers.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2018

Suicide has been a public health issue in many countries, and Korea has ranked highest suicide rate among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over a decade. To address these issues, we updated the recent trends in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Korean adults followed by previous data observation. We used data from five sources: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANES, '07-12, '13, '15-16), Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS, '08-09, '13), Korean Wealth Panel Study (KOWEPS, '12-16), Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, '10-13), and cause of death data from Statistics Korea ('07-16). We used weighted frequencies and trend tests. The rate of suicidal ideation as recent year was 5.10% (KNHANES, '15), 8.95% (KCHS, '13), 2.08% (KOWEPS, '16), and 5.39% (KHP, '13). That of suicide attempts as recent year was 0.59% (KNHANES, '16), 0.41% (KCHS, '13), and 0.08% (KOWEPS, '16). Annual percentage change of suicidal ideation was -2.80% (KNHANES, '07-12), 5.78% (KNHANES, '13-15), 0.62% (KCHS, '08-13), -8.50% (KOWEPS, '12-16), and -10.94% (KHP, '10-13). Annual percentage change of suicide attempts was -3.84% (KNHANES, '07-12), 2.26% (KNHANES, '13-16), -2.53% (KCHS, '08-13), and -20.22% (KOWEPS, '12-16). Annual percentage change of death by intentional self-harm was -0.49% (Statistics Korea, '07-16). Individuals who had lower income level were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. According to these results, the rate of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts showed the decreasing tendency. However, the suicide rate of Korea has remained higher than that of OECD countries. Thus, continuous data observation and effective policies on suicide are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.887-899
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• 2008

Recently the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea, announced the “Dietary Guidelines for Korean Adults (DGKA)”, which includes ten Dietary Goals, six Dietary Guidelines, and twenty-three Action Guidelines. DGKA are developed as the revision of the 2003 Dietary Guidelines for Koreans, targeting adult population. Dietary Guidelines are developed for general purpose as well as for different age groups. They are revised periodically to accommodate changes in diet and health problems of the population. The process of developing new DGKA can be summarized as 1) selection of focus areas, 2) analysis and review of available data for each area selected, and 3) derivation of guidelines based on the analyzed data, and 4) finalizing the guidelines after open discussions among the experts and general public. Five focus areas were selected by examining the Nutrition Goals of the Health Plan 2010 of Korea, soliciting proposals from the experts in the related fields, and reviewing existing and international guidelines. Five areas selected were 1) adequate intake of nutrients and foods, 2) balance of energy intake and physical activities, 3) alcohol intake, 4) food security and nutrition service, and 5) food safety. Adequacy of nutrient and food intakes of the Korean adult population was assessed using 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Newly developed Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans were used as reference values to assess the prevalence of inadequacies and excesses in nutrient intakes. Energy balance was examined with energy intake of 2005 KNHANES survey and results of physical activity questionnaire in the survey. Alcohol intake was also examined using 2005 KNHANES results of dietary intakes as well as the results of questionnaire survey on alcohol intakes. Food security, nutrition services, and food safety were analyzed using various government data and published results on the issues. Ten Dietary Goals and six Dietary Guidelines were developed after data analysis and were subjected to reviews of experts and general public. The final DGKA are: 1) Eat a variety of foods from each food group, 2) Increase physical activity and maintain healthy weight, 3) Eat proper amount of clean foods, 4) Avoid salty foods and try to eat foods with bland taste, 5) Avoid foods with high fat contents and deep-fried foods, and 6) When you drink alcohol, limit the amount. Twenty-three action guidelines are developed in order to achieve these guidelines in actual diet and life among the population. The government is disseminating the guidelines with “337” slogan and emblem. “337” indicates everyone should practice “3” guidelines of promoting good eating practice, “3” guidelines to limit or decrease in your diet, and you should practice them for “7” days a week. The guidelines will be useful in promoting healthy food habits and good nutritional status which will result in decrease nutrition related health problems in Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.404-418
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• 2023

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 한국의 김치 섭취 추세를 분석하고 김치 섭취와 관련 있는 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 추세 분석에서, 총 81,680 명 (남자 33,988명, 여자 47,692)을 대상으로 연도별 연령표준화 김치, 채소, 과일 평균섭취량을 구하였고, 섭취 추세에 대한 경향성을 확인하였다. 관련 요인 분석에서, 총 22,122명 (남자 15,134명, 여자 6,988명)를 대상으로 김치, 과일, 채소를 기준치 또는 중위수 이상으로 섭취할 오즈비를 특성 변수에 따라 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 남녀 모두 김치 섭취량이 감소하고 있으며, 관련 요인으로 김치의 주된 섭취 장소인 가정에서의 식사 비율 감소, 서구화된 식습관, 식생활에 영향을 주는 배우자의 유무, 1인 가구 증가에 따른 혼자 식사하는 빈도의 증가를 고려해볼 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 요인을 고려한 식생활 지침 마련이 필요하다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.430-440
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the intake status of beverages and water in Korean adults using data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The 'total water' intake was 2,250.6 g for men and 1,871.2 g for women. Men and women consumed an average of 314.9 g of 'total beverages', of which 'coffee' was the largest at 107.5 g, followed by 'others'(65.4 g), 'milk' (44.8 g), 'soda' (44.1 g), 'teas' (20.9 g), and 'fruits and vegetables' (18.5 g). The intake of 'plain water' was 1,059.9 g, and the intake of 'water from food' consumed was 547.3 g. The 'total water' intake decreased with increasing age in males and females (p<0.001). Both men and women showed a tendency toward increased 'total water' intake as income levels increased. 'Plain water' intake accounted for 51.4% of the 'total water' intake in males and females. The intake of all nutrients significantly increased from the Q1 group to the Q4 group by quartile ranges of total water intake. The results of this study showed that the intake of healthy water should be considered, and care and educational programs are needed, especially for older people, to ensure adequate water intake.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2017

Suicide is becoming a public health issue in many countries, and even more so in Korea. Korea has the highest suicide rate in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. To address these issues, we investigated the recent trends in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among the adult population. We used data from four sources: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, '2007-2012, '2013, '2015), Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS, '2008-2009, '2013), Korean Wealth Panel Study (KOWEPS, '2012-2015), and Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, '2010-2013). Weighted frequencies and trend tests were used. The rate of suicidal ideation as recent year was 5.10% (KNHANES, '2015), 8.95% (KCHS, '2013), 2.34% (KOWEPS, '2015), or 5.39% (KHP, '2013). Regarding the suicide attempts, the rate of suicide attempts as recent year was 0.61% (KNHANES, '2015), 0.41% (KCHS, '2013), or 0.04% (KOWEPS, '2015). Average percent change of suicidal ideation during survey year was -2.80% (KNHANES, '2007-2012), 5.78% (KNHANES, '2013-2015), 0.62% (KCHS, '2008-2013), -5.63% (KOWEPS, '2012-2015), and -10.94% (KHP, '2010-2013). Average percent change of suicide attempts during survey year was -3.84% (KNHANES, '2007-2012), 4.55% (KNHANES, '2013-2015), -2.54% (KCHS, '2008-2013), and -18.96% (KOWEPS, '2012-2015). Those who had lower income level were more likely to have self-reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Our results suggest that further efforts are needed for more effective intervention to identify and manage low income strata with suicide problem.