• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.151-162
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• 2001

산삼은 고유의 생약으로 민간 또는 한방에서 효능을 인정받아 왔으나 산삼의 희귀성으로 인하여 산삼에 대한 연구가 활발하지 못하였다. 따라서 본 실험은 식물 조직 배양 기술을 이용하여 산삼 부정근을 대량으로 배양하고 추출하여 화장품 원료로서의 적용 가능성을 연구하였다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.611-616
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• 2003

Korean ginseng(Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer) known as a oriental miracle drug is an important medicinal plant. Ginseng has been used for geriatric, tonic, stomachic, and aphrodisiac treatments for thousands years. Also, it is an antibiotic and has therapeutic properties against stress and cancer. Ginseng is widely distributed all over the world. Among them, Korean mountain ginseng has the most valuable effect on pharmaceuticals. The roots of mountain ginseng contained several kinds of ginsenosides that have many active functions for the human body. However, the study of mountain ginseng has a limit because the mountain ginseng is very expensive and rare. So, we artificially cultured mountain ginseng adventitious roots using the bioreactor culture system. We induced callus from original mountain ginseng, directly dug up in mountain and aged about one hundred ten years. Separated adventitious roots were precultured in 500ml conical flasks and then, transferred in 20L bioreactors. The adventitious roots of mountain ginseng were harvested after culturing for 40days, dried and then, extracted with several solvents. In this study, we investigated the whitening effect, anti-wrinkle effect and the safety of tissue cultured adventitious roots extract of mountain ginseng in order to identify the merit as a cosmetic ingredient. Particularly, extract of mountain ginseng adventitious roots showed whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. The inhibitory effect of this extract on the melanogenesis was examined using B-16 melanoma cell. When B-16 melanoma cells were cultured with adventitious root extract, there was a dramatically decrease in melanin contents of 8-16 melanoma cell. And we identified this extract inhibited Dopa auto-oxidation significantly. Also, when transformed mouse fibroblast L929 cells were treated with this extract, there was a significant increase in collagen synthesis. The results show significant inhibited melanization and wrinkle without inhibiting cell viability.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2004

본 연구는 식물조직배양 기술을 이용하여 대량으로 배양된 산삼부정근의 추출물에 대한 화장품 원료로서의 응용 가능성을 검토하였다. 본 실험에서 사용된 산삼부정근은 강원도 평창에서 채취한 110년생 천종산삼으로부터 유래된 캘러스에서 부정근을 유도한 후 절취하여 생물 배양기에서 액체 현탁액으로 대량 배양시켰다. 약 5주간의 배양기간을 거쳐 증식된 산삼부정근을 세척하고 건조시킨 후 추출하여 산삼부정근 추출물을 얻었다 조직 배양된 산삼 부정근 추출물의 in vivo에서의 미백 효과를 검증하기 위하여 조직배양된 산삼부정근 추출물을 함유한 제형을 이용한 미백 임상실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 산삼부정근 추출물을 함유한 제형에서 두드러진 미백효과를 보여주었으며 통계적으로도 유의차(p<0.0001)를 보여주었다. 그러나 산삼의 주요 성분인 일부 saponin에 대한 tyrosinase 억제 실험 및 B-16 melanoma를 이용한 미백 실험을 실시한 결과 미백효과가 $10\%$ 이하로 낮게 나왔으며 인삼 및 홍삼 추출물의 경우에서도 산삼부정근 추출물과 같은 농도에서는 거의 미백 효과가 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 항산화 효과를 알아보기 위한 DPPH 실험에서는 산삼부정근 추출물이 $0.05\%$ 농도에서 $85\%$ hydroxyl radical 소거능을 보여주었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2001

산삼은 고유의 생약으로 민간 또는 한방에서 효능을 인정받아 왔으나 산삼의 희귀성으로 인하여 산삼에 대한 연구가 활발하지 못하였다. 따라서 본 실험은 식물 조직 배양 기술을 이용하여 산삼 부정근을 대량으로 배양하고 추출하여 화장품 원료로서의 적용 가능성을 연구하였다. 본 실험에서 사용한 산삼 부정근은 강원도 평창에서 채취한 110년생 천종삼으로 산삼으로부터 유래된 캘러스에서 부정근을 유도한 후 절취하여 생물 배양기에서 액체 현탁액으로 대량 배양하였다. 약 5주간의 배양기간을 거쳐 증식된 산삼 부정근을 세척하여 건조시킨 후 추출하여 산삼 부정근 추출물을 얻었다. 산삼 부정근 추출물의 미백 효과 측정을 위하여 tyrosinase 억제 실험과 DOPA 자동산화 그리고 B-16 melanoma cell를 이용한 미백 실험을 실시하였고 유해성 검증을 위해서 안전성 실험과 세포 독성 실험을 실시하였다. in vitro 상의 유해성 실험은 transformed mouse fibroblast L929를 배양하여 NR assay, MTT assay를, in vivo 상의 안전성 실험은 인체 첩포를 이용한 Patch test를 실시하여 피부 반응의 관찰을 통해서 자극 혹은 알레르기성 반응의 발생여부를 실시한 결과 무해하였으며 melanin 생성 억제 실험 결과 미백효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.442-448
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• 2011

We previously reported that in vitro anti-platelet activity of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (TCMG) ethanol extracts show improved efficacy when compared with commercial ginseng products such as Korean red ginseng and Panax ginseng. However, information on the anti-platelet activity of the ethyl acetate fraction from TCMG adventitious roots is limited. Therefore, in this study, we further investigated the effects of an ethyl acetate extract of TCMG (EA-TCMG) adventitious roots on in vitro antiplatelet activity in whole human blood and its effect on peripheral blood flow in mice. We found that EA-TCMG inhibited platelet aggregation with $IC_{50}$ values of 271, 180, and 147 ${\mu}g$/mL induced by collagen, adenosine-5'-diphosphate, and arachidonic acid, respectively. Among the three agonists used, thromboxane $A_2$ formation induced by arachidonic acid was markedly suppressed. Furthermore, EA-TCMG improved the peripheral circulatory disturbance by improving vascular blood flow. In conclusion, these results suggest that ethyl acetate extracts from TCMG adventitious roots might inhibit vascular platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2006

Water extracts obtained from cultured mountain ginseng (CMG) were evaluated for their ability to stimulate immune cells and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. The lymphocyte subpopulation in mouse splenocytes in vivo was significantly increased by the administration of the CMG extract (27.4 mg/mouse). Interleukin-2 and ${\gamma}$-interferon in the mice serum increased up to 30% in CMG extract-treated mice. At a concentration of 1.37 mg/mL, nitric oxide increased up to 400% in the macrophage cell line treated with CMG extract. The CMG extract significantly retarded the proliferation of human acute promyelocytic (HL60), human histiocytic (U937), and mouse lymphocytic (L1210) leukemia cell lines in vitro at concentrations over 2.74-13.7 mg/mL. In addition, CMG extract treatments (1.37 mg/mL and 2.74 mg/mL) lead to the increased expression of the p53 gene and protein in cultured U937 leukemia cell lines. These results indicate that water extracts of CMG are capable of both immune cell stimulation and cancer cell growth inhibition.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1197-1202
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• 2008

Present study investigated the effects of the 70% ethanol extracts of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (TCMG), Korean red ginseng (KRG), and Panax ginseng (PG) on agonist-induced platelet aggregation and activation in human whole blood. The $IC_{50}$ values for TCMG, KRG, and PG were 1.159, 3.695, and 4.978mg/mL for collagen-induced aggregation, 0.820, 2.030, and 4.743mg/mL for arachidonic acid-induced aggregation, and 1.070, 2.617, and 2.954 mg/mL for ADP-induced aggregation, respectively. Also, this study assessed the effects of the most active extract, TCMG, on markers of platelet activation by determining receptor expression on platelet membranes in healthy subjects, including expression of GPIIb/IIIa-like (PAC-1) and P-selectin (CD62), by flow cytometry. A significant decrease in PAC-l expression (p=0.018) was observed in the presence of TCMG. These results show that TCMG has potent anti-platelet activity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

인체 자궁암 세포 HeLa에 항암제 cisplatin (CDDP)과 산삼배양근 추출물(ETCMG)을 투여하여 세포 성장률, 형태, 전기영동에 의한 DNA fragmentation, 세포주기 분석을 통하여 apoptosis 유도를 확인하였다. ETCMG 2, 4, 6mg/mL, CDDP $4{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 24시간 투여한 후 세포의 성장에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, ETCMG를 항암제로서 효과가 입증되어있는 CDDP와 복합투여하여 비교한 결과 apoptosis비율은 대조군에 비하여 ETCMG의 농도가 증가할수록 농도에 비례하여 현저히 증가하였고 (p<0.05), CDDP와 ETCMG를 복합투여한 경우에 ETCMG를 단독으로 투여한 경우 보다 apoptosis비율이 매우 높은것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 세포의 형태를 도립현미경과 투과전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 대조군은 세포의 정상적인 형태를 유지하고 있는 반면에 CDDP와 ETCMG를 각각 처리한 암세포는 세포의 성장이 현저히 억제되었고, 염색질의 응축과 apoptotic body가 관찰되었다. 세포의 성장억제가 apoptosis에 의한 것인지를 확인하고자 DNA를 분리하여 전기영동한 결과, HeLa 세포에서 ETCMG의 농도가 증가할수록 ladder가 뚜렷이 관찰되었고, CDDP를 복합 처리한 것 역시 ETCMG의 농도에 비례하여 ladder가 선명하게 나타났다. Flow cytometry (FC)에 의한 세포주기 분석 결과, ETCMG를 농도별로 처리한 경우에 apoptosis를 나타내는 Sub-$G_1$기의 양이 농도에 비례하여 증가하였고, 항암제인 CDDP와 복합 투여한 경우에 Sub-$G_1$기 DNA양이 눈에 띠게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험 결과를 종합하면, ETCMG는 인체 자궁암에서 항암효과를 가지고 있으며, 항암제 CDDP의 단독 투여보다는 ETCMG와 함께 사용하는 경우에 암 치료제로서의 상승효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2014

Objectives: Mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture (MGP) is an extract distilled from either mountain cultivated ginseng or mountain wild ginseng. This is the first intravenous injection of pharmacopuncture in Korea. The word intravenous does not discriminate between arteries, veins, and capillaries in Oriental Medicine, but only the vein is used for MGP. The aim of this study is to evaluate the intravenous injection toxicity of MGP through a single-dose test in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Male and female 6-week-old SD rats were injected intravenously with MGP (high dosage of 20 mL/kg or low dosage of 10 mL/kg). Normal saline was injected into the rats in the control group by using the same method. After the rats has treated, we conducted clinical observations, body-weight measurements and histological observations. Results: In this study, no mortalities were observed in any of the experimental groups. Also, no significant changes by the intravenous injection of MGP were observed in the body weights, or the histological observations in any of the experimental groups compared to the control group. The lethal dose for intravenous injection of MGP was found to be over 20 mL/kg in SD rats. Conclusion: Considering that the dosage of MGP generally used each time in clinical practice is about 0.3 mL/kg, we concluded with confidence that MGP is safe pharmacopuncture.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

Objectives : We investigated the effects of mountain cultivated ginseng water boiled extract(MCG) on blood glucose and insulin levels, and examined whether lipid metabolism are improved by it in male db/db mice(a murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus). Methods : 9 weeks old, male db/db mice were divided into 5 groups : C57BL/6J normal, control, MCG-250mg/kg (MCG-1), MCG-500mg/kg(MCG-2) and MCG-1000mg/kg(MCG-3). After mice were treated with MCG for 8 weeks, we measured body weight, food intake, fat weight, visceral organ weight and blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels. Results : 1. We found no difference in body weight, food intake, fat weight and visceral organ weight among the animal groups. 2. Compared with controls, MCG-treated mice had lower blood glucose level and higher blood insulin levels, the magnitude of which was prominent in MCG-2. 3. Compared with controls, MCG-treated mice had lower LDL-cholesterol and higher HDL-cholesterol levels. 4. Compared with controls, MCG-treated mice had blood triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, the magnitude of which was prominent in MCG-2. 5. Blood AST and ALT concentrations were not changed by MCG, indicating MCG do not show any toxic effects. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that MCG effectively increases blood insulin level and decreases blood glucose level, blood lipid levels, and prevents and improves diabetic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.