• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1176-1187
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• 2014

In Contemporary residential area, especially apartment commplex, crime affect the quality of life and sustainability of cities. So our interest is an all-time high in the role that planning processes and the design of the physical environment can play in reducing the opportunity for crime. The purpose of this study try to find the possibility of application of CPTED in Urban Apartment Complex. Recently, as increase of residencial density, diverse and new types of crime are increasing in urban apartment complex. It is the current of times which demand our serious consideration. This research focused on crime reduction through the physical environmental control methods. And the concepts and contents of CPTED are studied and the case studies of developed countries are surveyed. For groping in the practical application, researched into the case study of apartment blocks in medium sized city, Cheongju. Also Local crime prevention initiatives require partnership working, both between professionals and with local communities. The result of this study has implicated, increasing importance on daily safety issue in urban life and examining the possibility of applying crime prevention and reduction program and systems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2017

As the 3D Greenery system is known to improve the urban environment, it works as new alternative for eco-friendly building and warrants further study for application to the domestic field. This study aimed to apply the design components for eco-friendly composition by investigating the spatial characteristics of the 3D Greenery System reflected in interior and exterior of buildings and to analyze the organization and design elements of domestic and foreign cases. The results showed that instances of the Greenery System tended to be a large scale and high-density development in order to expand various exterior spaces. Although its early forms were often found in such public facilities as exhibition and education purpose, cases of multi-unit dwelling have been growing. Allowing apartment residents to prefer intimate space by providing various such spaces for residential units and offering independent green spaces would induce diverse residents' lifestyles rather than monotonous design. The analysis also indicated that community space composed of various outdoor spaces and atmosphere would change life patterns of multi-housing and establish a real neighborhood through social interaction. Moreover, further investigation of the design patterns of outdoor space arrangement is needed since the Greenery system actively reflects the environmental characteristics of building sites and clearly shows a tendency to utilize natural terrain and slope in building shapes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.516-524
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cases related to the multi-dimensional urban planning and its related systems that can contribute to the urban regeneration as the policies and projects for stereoscopic city increase. Through the case analysis, urban regeneration function and role of multi-dimensional urban planning are identified as connection of places, activation of local economy, expansion of infrastructure and supply of housing. In the institutional sector, private participation is hindered due to the ban on the establishment of the right to hold state property. In addition, it is difficult to utilize the three-dimensional urban space without land securing at a certain rate based on uniform installation standards of the two-dimensional land use plan, and the problem of insufficient interconnection between law and institution is derived. In conclusion, it should actively support and promote the promotion of the three-dimensional facility with the aim of diversifying the regional infrastructure structure and strengthening the urban function. In addition, development of stereoscopic and compound development should be promoted for old urban areas, and parking lots, underground shopping malls, parking lots, etc. should be installed using the subspaces of parks, schools, roads and traditional markets of old residential areas. Finally, cooperation between the central government, the municipalities and the private sector is necessary for the realization of these urban regeneration projects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.213-223
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• 2018

This study assessed the maintenance plan of the Shimbashi-Toranomon Development Area in Japan, which has recently been completed using the three-dimensional road system. In the main relevant law system, a three-dimensional road system, which enables the construction of buildings above and below the road, was applied. The specific construction regulations applying the financing power and knowledge of private business operators were applied. In the development district, city maintenance guidelines were established, and housing and shopping malls were regulated. This purpose was to promote change, unity of distance, effective use of land, and continuous urban revitalization with charm and vitality. The main features of the maintenance plan were accessibility and greenery, comfort and a sophisticated design, and a maintenance concept utilizing historical buildings and road space through the participation of local residents and the opinions of related committees. In addition, in the case of the construction of the upper and lower roads, the construction restrictions were relaxed, and the separation of the roads and the undergrounding of electric poles were promoted. The main aim was to improve the convenience of the residents and produce a pleasant road landscape.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.583-593
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• 2018

Le Corbusier is an architect known for his use of mostly white color during the Purism period. On the other hand, he actually utilized polychromy in his works while the principles behind his use of polychromy is not well defined. Through the analysis of the Pessac project, where he deliberately utilized polychromy in the exterior of housing, this study examined not only the principles behind his utilization of colors, but also the fact that this project was a laboratory to set up his architectural language and develop the method of how to employ polychromy. An analysis of this project found that he changed spaces and categorized objects using polychromy based on the white color. He also chose and used colors based on the psychophysiological experience that is related to emotions and habits. To compensate for the problems arising from the architectural space and form in the site, he used various techniques, such as camouflage, optical illusion, 'gift box' technique, and dismantlement method of volume. Therefore, polychromy is used as a method to emphasize his architectural language.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.621-626
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• 2021

In this study, data on the study site for apartment construction was acquired, and the quantity of construction waste was calculated using a drone and mobile 3D laser scanner. The accuracy of the drone was 0.034 to 0.064m in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, and the mobile 3D Laser Scanner showed an accuracy of 0.018 to 0.049m in the horizontal direction, respectively. These results suggest that it is possible to construct spatial information using a drone and mobile 3D laser scanner with a value within the allowable accuracy of 1:1,000 digital terrain. The volume of construction waste calculated using the mobile 3D laser scanner data was 70,797㎥. It was possible to calculate the volume on the side of the building or some facilities that appeared as shaded areas in the drone outcomes. In addition, modeling was performed for view analysis of the apartments scheduled to be constructed and the terrain-based modeling results of the surrounding buildings. In the future, data construction and accuracy evaluation using mobile 3D laser scanners will be conducted. In addition, additional research comparing existing methods and work processes will be carried out, and the efficiency of mobile 3D laser scanners in the field of spatial information construction can be presented.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.422-428
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• 2021

This study surveyed residents and public officials for the projects to make smart-city plans of Geumsan-gun. First, domestic and foreign cases related to smart city projects were reviewed. The local status of Geumsan-gun was investigated regarding various aspects of the natural, social, urban environment, and smart-city facilities. The survey results were as follows. Overall, more than half of the survey respondents said they were satisfied with their housing quality. Several problems in their areas, such as inefficient welfare system, shortage of parking space, and industrial infrastructure, were reported. On the other hand, tourism and leisure facilities, health care support systems, industries to boost the economy, and the job market were also important issues. The problem was that the regional problems mentioned above were not in line with their preferences for smart-city services. The implications of the survey results could be summed up as follows. The groupware surveys of Geumsan-gun should be used as survey tools, whereas IT survey tools (Google, Survey Monkey, etc.) should be used for locals. In particular, a survey targeting residents should ask plain and compact questions taking advantage of local gatherings. It is also important to have a pilot-survey with relevant public officials and select related projects and regional issues. The survey of local residents and public officials is a prerequisite for promoting smart city projects. The smart city project shall reflect the needs of residents while solving community problems by considering the survey results and local conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2002

In this research, problems of recent design methods and their improvement for SIP(Soil-Cement Injected precast Pile) in domestic areas were studied by using the properties of load-settlement curves and bearing capacity from field loading tests. Elastic and plastic settlement for total settlement in each loading step of loading tests conducted in domestic areas has been shown to have a tendency. From this tendency and bearing capacity determined by loading tests, it could be ascertained that empirical chart could be an assistant tool in SIP design. It was shown that SIP design using N-value in domestic area with soil condition of granitic type resulted in very conservative hearing capacity. On the other hands, in soil with unfitted geological conditions, the design could be insecure. Also, we could ascertain that Meyerhof's bearing capacity using modified N-value on the tip part of pile was more applicable than recent design method where tip bearing capacity was 20NA$_p$ N-value limited to 50. These results showed that modified design method could be more economic than those in the past because it used pile's bearing capacity unto tolerable load of pile material.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.63-82
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• 1987

This is the forth consecutive study on the 'Standardization of Measurement for Korean Kitchen Work Centers and Cabinets for Future Design Criteria'. The purpose of the present research was (1) to classify homemakers' representative like styles related to the kitchen, (2) to examine homemakers' present concerns on the kitchen space, and (3) to investigate homemakers' desire and preference on the kitchen space. Twenty two hundred homemakers of upper and middle class residing in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju and Daejeon were selected for the survey and 1,843 among them were used for data analysis. Data were selected for the survey and 1,843 among them were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using the SAS program package. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, factor analysis, F-test, Duncan's multiple range test, X2-test, cluster analysis. Findings from the research as follows: (1) Four factors were found as indicaters of the life style; values on the household work, desire on social function of the kitchen, degree on cooperation of family members on the household work, and convenient management. It was noticeable that homemakers had positive responses in terms of desire on social function of the kitchen and degree on cooperation of family members on the household work. Homemakers' life styles related to the kitchen space were classified into 6 categories. (2) Relatively a few respondents answered that the kitchens were very well furnished. If, however, the economic conditions become better, substantial number of them wanted to invest for better kitchen following the one for living room. (3) It was found that most respondents preferred the arrangement of space, where dining and kitchen in one space, and a hard wall or soft treatment was between living and dining/kitchen area. (4) Many respondents desired pantry, utility and laundry area be near the kitchen or in the same space with it, thereby forming a utility core in a housing space.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2002

In this study, estimation model for iron compound originated from upflow, anaerobic fixed bed reactor, which treats sewage domestic wastewater, was developed. The estimation model was formulated by a mathematical expression which was based on the mass balance. Below the HRT of 60 minute, sulfide concentration combining with iron $FeS_2$ is the highest because the maximum sulfate consumption rate $V_{maxS}$ and half-saturation constant of sulfate $K_{mS}$ exert an important effect on the estimation model as temperature was increased. But increment of $FeS_2$ concentration is weakened above the HRT of 60 minutes and represent the lowest value at the HRT of 108 minutes. It implies that liquid phase distribution ratio of sulfide ${\alpha}r$ becomes lower as temperature was increased. While phosphorus concentration combining with iron $Fe_3(PO_4)_3$ is increased as HRT and temperature are increased, which is affected by phosphorus removal rate constant $k_p$. As the result of estimating the iron concentrations of corrosion by the model, the concentration of iron corrosion is higher than any other at the HRT of 108 minute and $20^{\circ}C$. The predicted values were compared with measured ones at different HRT(13.5, 27, 54, 108 min) and temperature(20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$). The experimental data could be fitted with the simulated curves. Therefore, the mathematical expression could be applicable to design full-scale wastewater treatment plants.