• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.328-335
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• 2010

In this paper, an efficient algorithm and area-efficient hardware architecture have been proposed for $2{\times}2$ MIMO-OFDM based WLAN baseband modem with two transmit and two receive antennas. To enhance the performance of the receiver, the efficient timing synchronization algorithm and symbol detector based on MML algorithm are presented. Also, by sharing the hardware block with multi-stage pipeline structure and using the complex multiplier based on polar-coordinate, the complexity of the proposed architecture is dramatically decreased. The proposed area-efficient hardware design was designed in hardware description language (HDL) and synthesized to gate-level circuits using 0.13um CMOS standard cell library. As a result, the complexity of the proposed modem receiver is reduced by 56% over the conventional architecture.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.182-189
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• 2011

This study is purposed on applying to certifying environmental-friendly buildings about remodeling schools as an issue recently, keeping up a worldwide resource conservation movement. Application standard is directed, comparing with systems certifying green-schools in domestic and foreign policies. The following is the primary result of this study. First, on developing systems for certifying environmental-friendly buildings about remodeling schools, characteristics like ‘the phase of certifying essential lists and the diversity of certifying lists’, ‘developing departmentally into new-building, reconstruction, remodeling, existing-building in basic data’, ‘development of certifying existing-buildings as well as new-building’ in foreign systems should be developed appropriately for Korea. Next, not only reuse of the existing facilities but better assessment through diversification of classified contents in domestic system are carried out in comparing remodeling lists. Especially the primary list that is found out commonly limited lists certifying remodeling should be developed appropriately. Impossible lists getting certification should be applied to map out a concrete standard. Lastly, the range of certification should be diversified and developed sustainable like other systems for better assessment. Adding various lists suiting for Korea and departmentalizing score of phases and items in particular, for avoiding a needless collision between certification lists, absence of them. Above of all, basic direction about certifying environmental-friendly buildings about remodeling schools should be developed the only individual instrument, not for gaining it simply as a part of the environmental policy in Korea. This study has significance on vitalization of certifying environmental-friendly buildings, which performing primary environmental-friendly education facilities, based on its advance.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

Since most construction workers comprehend information on work through sight, the importance of safety signs are increasing by the day. In Korea, due to the sharp economic progress and the higher standard of the workforce, since the end of 1980, each year the number of foreign workers entering the country who working simple technical jobs have increased this condition. This study researched safety signs, which are the final accident prevention measures at the workplace. Based on the study, comprehension of the standard safety signs of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) was lacking at a level of 2.5. Also, the perception level of the Industry Public Safety Law (38%) was very low. And, it was found that sex and experience or non-experience in safety training was not an issue in the level of understanding. However, when satisfying the standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and changing the safety signs, the level of understanding went up to 3.49 and the perception level was increased significantly to 70%. Thus, it is concluded that, since the foreign workers are mainly from non-English speaking countries and because the workers of Korea are not familiar with English, in order to provide proper safety information, there must first of all be simplistic and concise pictograms. This will provide needed information and must be coupled with simple English words that can give additional information to the worker and be effective in helping him understand and perceive the safety sign. Also, it has been determined that the existing forms of safety signs and their effectiveness in industry accident prevention must be reassessed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.52-60
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• 2008

The deblocking filter in the H.264/AVC video coding standard helps to reduce the blocking artifacts produced in the decoding process. But it consumes one third of the computational complexity in H.624/AVC decoder, which advocates an efficient design of a hardware accelerator for filtering. This paper proposes an architecture of deblocking filter using two filters and some registers for data reuse. Our architecture improves the throughput and minimize the number of external memory access by increasing data reuse. After initialization, two filters are able to perform filtering operation simultaneously. It takes only 96 clocks to complete filtering for one macroblock. We design and synthesis our architecture using Dongbuanam $0.18{\mu}m$ standard cell library and the maximum clock frequency is 200MHz.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.161-171
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to classify the lower body of the lost women and to investigate the three-dimensional characteristics of each lower body somatotype of them. The subject were ninety seven women whose. age were twenties and whose height and bust girth were in the range of mean$\pm1\delta$ of typical body size of twenties' Korean women. The forty one variables of their lower body were measured by Martin's Anthropometric Instrument. And they were analyzed for mean, standard deviations factor analysis, and cluster analysis. In the second phase of analysis, the three participants were re-selected in each type were measured by Sliding Guage and analyzed their lower body somatotype. The results were as follows; The components of lower body of 20s' women were extracted with 7 factors through factor analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax. The rate of the cumulative contribution was 84.1% the first factor was the thickness of lower body, the second factor was the vertical size of lower body the third factor was the front shape of hip, the forth factor was the vertical size of hip, the fifth factor was the shape of abdomen, the six factor was the flat-ratio of waist and the seventh factor was flat-ratio of hip. The somatotype of 20's women's lower body can be classified into 3 types. Type 1 is the standard somatotype of 20's women's lower body and the 34.0% of the participants in the study was categorized into type 1. Type 2 is a short and corpulency type with protruded abdomen and hip and the 29.9% of the participants in the study was categorized into type 2. And the type 3 is a tall and thin type with plat abdomen and hip and the 37.1% of the participants was categorized into type 3.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2015

LED luminaires as a lighting system have attracted much research attention due to their high efficiency and long lifetimes. However, disappointing outcomes have been noted in terms of performance levels and lifetimes as compared to desired system requirements in practice due to certain electrical and thermal characteristics of LEDs. LM-80 and TM-21 established by IESNA are the best known standards for lifetime test procedures and estimation techniques. However, they only handle LED light sources without guaranteeing the LED luminaire in a reliability test. They also operate for more than 6,000 hours and undergo various stresses, such as the operating current and temperature. Therefore, a lifetime standard for LED luminaires has not yet been established. This paper proposes a conceptual design of a lifetime test system for LED headlamps depending on the operating environment. Eventually, this method can assist with evaluations of the validity of lifetime standard tests of LED headlamps.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.40-48
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• 2016

To observe the rail-slab interaction in continuous welded railway(CWR) bridge when earthquake occurs, additional axial rail stresses and relative longitudinal displacements between rail and bridge deck were calculated with input of various load combinations and 3 different types of seismic loads to an analytical model. As results of analysis, it can be found that standard response spectrum proposed by Korea Rail(KR) network authority for earthquake design showed less additional axial rail stresses than allowable levels, but greater relative longitudinal displacement between rail and bridge deck, which means that adjustment of relative longitudinal displacement within a standard level is much more difficult than axial train stress. Additionally, if a large-scaled earthquake as occurred at Kobe, Japan comes up, then both of additional axial rail stress and relative displacement in rail-bridge deck may exceed allowable levels, which indicates to make proper design guides against sudden earthquake occurrence.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2010

The number of railway tunnels has been increasing rapidly. Although fires in long railway tunnels are rare, the consequences can be devastating. Prior to this study, there were no adequate time-temperature curves for the fire safety assessment of Korean railway tunnels. We studied a standard foreign time-temperature curve for which the heat rate is based on the traffic and the types of vehicles. We then proposed a hydrocarbon curve as a fire design model for railway tunnels in Korea. We examined the implications of this proposed model on railway tunnel structures using numerical analysis.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.173-178
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed space heating and domestic hot water(DHW) charges from 2017 to 2018 for 151,206 households in 202 apartment complexes built from 1997 to 2016, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of Korea's insulation standards reinforcement. The applied insulation standards were revised three times(in 1987, 2001 and 2010). We used the Anderson-Darling test to review the normality of the space heating and DHW charges. As a result, each p-value was greater than 0.05 and it followed the normal distribution. The annual average space heating charges per unit area of apartments with the 1987 insulation standards were 5,237￦/㎡a in 2017 and 5,328￦/㎡a in 2018. The heating charges with the 2001 standards were 4,827￦/㎡a in 2017 and 4,817￦/㎡a in 2018. Compared to previous standards(1987 standards), heating charges decreased by 7.8% and 9.6%. Also the heating charges with the 2010 standards were 3,683￦/㎡a in 2017 and 3,734￦/㎡a in 2018. Compared to previous standards(2001 standards), heating charges decreased by 24.3% and 21.5%. On the other hand, compared to each previous standards, DHW charges were decreased by 12.2%, 13.6% or increased by 4.6%, 6.9%, which means there's no correlation between insulation standards reinforcement and DHW charges.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.626-643
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• 2023

As mobile forensics has emerged as an essential technique, the demand for technology development, education and training is increasing, wherein images are used. Academic societies in South Korea and national institutions in the US and the UK are leading the Mobile Forensic Image development. However, compared with disks, images developed in a mobile environment are few cases and have less active research, causing a waste of time, money, and manpower. Mobile Forensic Images are also difficult to trust owing to insufficient verification processes. Additionally, in South Korea, there are legal issues involving the Telecommunications Business Act and the Act on the Protection and Use of Location Information. Therefore, in this study, we requested a review of a standard model for the development of Mobile Forensic Image from experts and designed an 11-step development model. The steps of the model are as follows: a. setting of design directions, b. scenario design, c. selection of analysis techniques, d. review of legal issues, e. creation of virtual information, f. configuring system settings, g. performing imaging as per scenarios, h. Developing a checklist, i. internal verification, j. external verification, and k. confirmation of validity. Finally, we identified the differences between the mobile and disk environments and discussed the institutional efforts of South Korea. This study will also provide a guideline for the development of professional quality verification and proficiency tests as well as technology and talent-nurturing tools. We propose a method that can be used as a guide to secure pan-national trust in forensic examiners and tools. We expect this study to strengthen the mobile forensics capabilities of forensic examiners and researchers. This research will be used for the verification and evaluation of individuals and institutions, contributing to national security, eventually.