• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.334-339
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• 1993

Physicochemical properties such as amylose content, swelling power, gelatinization and DSC of legume starches were investigated. The granule shape of legume starches was oval. The size of cowpea and mung bean were smaller than kidney bean and red bean. The amylose content of mung bean and kidney bean was larger and were $25{\sim}29%$. Swelling power of kidney bean starch was much lower than other starches in all temperature range. In gelatinization temperature by Brabender amylogram, red bean starch was low, but kidney bean starch was rather high. Amylographic hot-paste viscosity and set back of cow pea, mung bean and red bean starches were high. But those of kidney bean starch were very low. DSC results Indicated kidney bean starch gelatinized in higher temperature. From above results, row pea and mung bean starches were similar in granule size and shape, solubility and swelling power, amylogram, and DSC thermogram. But kidney bean starch was very different and red bean starch was slightly different with the physicochemical properties of cow pea and mung bean starches.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.38.1-38.17
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• 2021

Background: The feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia (FVRCP) vaccine, prepared from viruses grown in the Crandell-Rees feline kidney cell line, can induce antibodies to cross-react with feline kidney tissues. Objectives: This study surveyed the prevalence of autoantibodies to feline kidney tissues and their association with the frequency of FVRCP vaccination. Methods: Serum samples and kidneys were collected from 156 live and 26 cadaveric cats. Antibodies that bind to kidney tissues and antibodies to the FVRCP antigen were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and kidney-bound antibody patterns were investigated by examining immunofluorescence. Proteins recognized by antibodies were identified by Western blot analysis. Results: The prevalences of autoantibodies that bind to kidney tissues in cats were 41% and 13% by ELISA and immunofluorescence, respectively. Kidney-bound antibodies were observed at interstitial cells, apical border, and cytoplasm of proximal and distal tubules; the antibodies were bound to proteins with molecular weights of 40, 47, 38, and 20 kDa. There was no direct link between vaccination and anti-kidney antibodies, but positive antibodies to kidney tissues were significantly associated with the anti-FVRCP antibody. The odds ratio or association in finding the autoantibody in cats with the antibody to FVRCP was 2.8 times higher than that in cats without the antibody to FVRCP. Conclusions: These preliminary results demonstrate an association between anti-FVRCP and anti-cat kidney tissues. However, an increase in the risk of inducing kidney-bound antibodies by repeat vaccinations could not be shown directly. It will be interesting to expand the sample size and follow-up on whether these autoantibodies can lead to kidney function impairment.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2019

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as an effective antiepileptic therapy for intractable childhood epilepsy. However, various adverse effects have been reported with use of the KD. We report a case of a child who developed acute tubular necrosis subsequent to therapy with KD. A 5-year-old girl had myoclonic epilepsy with developmental delay. She was under the treatment with antiepileptic drugs since the age of 3 months and on the KD during the past 18 months. Proteinuria persisted intermittently with the initiation of the KD and subsequently increased in the past 2 months. She was admitted with intermittent mild fever, vomiting, and lethargy for the past 3-4 weeks. At the time of admission, she presented with hypertriglyceridemia, heavy proteinuria, renal Fanconi syndrome, and acute kidney injury. Renal sonography showed a marked increase in the size and parenchymal echogenicity of both kidneys. A renal biopsy revealed acute tubular necrosis accompanied by early interstitial fibrosis. After the withdrawal of the KD and supportive therapy, without changing other anticonvulsants and their dosages, improvement of renal function was observed. Proteinuria had disappeared after 1 month and kidney size returned to normal after 8 months. It is hypothesized that the KD can induce and/or aggravate the renal tubulointerstitial injury in some patients who are under the treatment with anticonvulsants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1998

This study was designed to examine how dietary protein levels affect organ growth and protein metabolism in early and normally weaned rats. Early and normally weaned rats separated fro the dam on the 15th and 121st day postpartum, respectively. were fed diets containing three levels of protein : low(10%) , normal (20%),and high(40%) . On the 35th day, the weight and DNA, RNA and protein contents in brain , liver, and kidney were determined to ascertain organ and cellular growth. Furthermore, serum total protein , albumin , $\alpha$-amino N and creatine and urinary urea N, and creatinine were determined in order to ascertain protein metabolism and renal functions. Dietary protein levels were not observed to significantly affect total DNA content, which may represent an index of cell number in the liver, brain and kidney. Fresh weight and protein/DNA ratio, which may represent indices of cell size, significantly increased in proportion to dietary protein in the kidney. As for the early weaned rats , the liver cell size significantly decreased. Dietary protein levels and weaning periods did not affect serum total protein and albumin . However, serum urea-N significantly increased in proportion to dietary protein levels whereas serum $\alpha$-amino N was decreased by early weaning . Nitrogen retention was lower in early weaned rats fed low or high levels of protein than in normally weaned rats. The results demonstrate that low or high levels of dietary protein have less desirable effects on protein metabolism in prematurely weaned rats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1997

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of kidney and urinary bladder disease was performed in native Korea cattle. Ultrasonogaphic appearence of kidney and urinaryy baldder according to the growth were determined from 6 to 13 months by monthly examinations in 9 native Korean cattle. The kidney and urinary bladder were examined in standing position. The position, dimension, and structure of both kidneys were determined at 12 intercostal space and paralumbar fossa by use of ultrasonography. Ultrasonograms were obtained with 3.5 or 5.0-MHz sector transducer. The width and depth of the kidney, and the diameter of renal parenchyma and renal sinus were observed. Both kidneys were observedfrom the body surface until 8 months old age, but over the 9 months old age, only right kidney was easily accessible. The width of right kidney at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 5.7, 6.3, 6.9, 7.6, 8.4, 9.3, 9.8 and 10.7 cm, respectively. The depth 5.8, 6.1 and 6.6 cm, respectively. The size of left kidney was similar to right kidney until 8 months old age. After the 9 months old age, only right kidney was easily accessible. The circumference of urinary bladder at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 19.1, 21.7, 22.5, 23.0, 24.2, 25.3, 27.8 and 29.1 cm, respectively. Calculi in urinary bladder were observed by ultrasonography.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.7
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• pp.205-209
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• 2018

Kidney transplantation (KT) is the gold standard for renal replacement therapy in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease. Recently, it has been observed that the outcome of pediatric KT is nearly identical to that in adults owing to the development and application of a variety of immunosuppressants and newer surgical techniques. However, owing to several differences in characteristics between children and adults, pediatric KT requires that additional information be learned and is associated with added concerns. These differences include post-KT complications, donor-recipient size mismatch, problems related to growth, and nonadherence to therapy, among others. This review was aimed at elucidating the clinical characteristics of pediatric KT that differ from those observed in adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.871-879
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analysis the correlation between kidneys function indicators and these size in ultrasonography. A total of 170 (male:86, female:84) patients of sex and age groups were examined by abdominal ultrasonography. The patients classified as those in their 20's, 30's, 40's, and over 50's. We measured the length, width, and cross-sectional height of the kidneys twice. At this time, the length of these were measured from the maximum upper to the maximum lower pole and the widest width in the same ultrasonography was measured to obtain the cross-sectional area. Other relevant indicators included body surface area, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), MDRD (Modification of diet in renal disease) and C-G (Cockcroft-Gault). Significant comparisons of differences between relevant factors by age groups and sex were conducted with a one-way distribution analysis. Correlation analysis was also performed between relevant factors by using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. It was defined as meaningful when the p-value was less than 0.05. As a result, the length, the width, and the cross-sectional area of kidneys were correlated with GFR, C-G, MDRD. Therefore, it is expected that the accuracy of diagnosis of kidneys disease will be increased if the relevant indicators are evaluated together rather than measuring only length of these in ultrasonography.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2010

In 3D ultrasound color Doppler imaging (CDI), 8-16 pulse transmissions (ensembles) per each scanline are used for effective clutter rejection and flow estimation, but it yields a low volume acquisition rate. In this paper, we have evaluated three flow estimation methods: autoregression (AR), eigendecomposition (ED), and autocorrelation combined with adaptive clutter rejection (AC-ACR) for a small ensemble size (E=4). The performance of AR, ED and AC-ACR methods was compared using 2D and 3D in vivo data acquired under different clutter conditions (common carotid artery, kidney and liver). To evaluate the effectiveness of three methods, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. For 2D kidney in vivo data, the AC-ACR method outperforms the AR and ED methods in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) (0.852 vs. 0.793 and 0.813, respectively). Similarly, the AC-ACR method shows higher AUC values for 2D liver in vivo data compared to the AR and ED methods (0.855 vs. 0.807 and 0.823, respectively). For the common carotid artery data, the AR provides higher AUC values, but it suffers from biased estimates. For 3D in vivo data acquired from a kidney transplant patient, the AC-ACR with E=4 provides an AUC value of 0.799. These in vivo experiment results indicate that the AC-ACR method can provide more robust flow estimates compared to the AR and ED methods with a small ensemble size.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.383-389
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• 2002

Pb and Cd concentrations and reproductive progress of feral pigeons were investigated in urban (Seoul) and industrial complex (Ansan) areas from November 2000 to May 2001. Results of the Pb analysis for the feral pigeons from the Ansan industrial complex (egg contents: 1.13 $\mu$g/wet g, bones of adult: 10.5 $\mu$g/wet g) and Seoul (1.64 $\mu$g/wet g, 29.5 $\mu$g/wet g, respectively) indicated that the Pb level of eggs and bones of adults were significantly different between the two colonies (p<0.05). Cd concentrations in liver and kidney of adult pigeons were also significantly different between the Ansan (liver: 0.14 $\mu\textrm{g}$/wet g, kidney: 0.43 $\mu$g/wet g) and Seoul (liver. 0.24 $\mu$g/wet g, kidney: 1.05 $\mu$g/wet g) colonies. (p<0.05). However, egg size and thickness, incubation period and nestling growth rates did not differ between the study areas. Also, clutch size, number of young hatched per nest and number of young fledglings per nest did not significantly different in the noted areas. Considering the lead and cadmium concentrations of pigeons, these were not as high as those considered as results in toxic effects in other species, and the biological significance from these level differences is uncertain.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2001

Five-month-old a female mongrel puppy weighing 3.5 kg showed no systemic disorder and particular discomfort except abdominal distension at the first visit. On physical examination an irregular abdominal mass was palpated. One month later she was clumsy and uncoordinated. In addition, lethargy and anorexia were appeared. Then she became comatose and died in spite of initial therapy. In radiographic examination enlargement of both sides of kidney was observed. The hematological examination the dog had WBC of 16,250/$\mu$l, RBC of $7.2{\times}10^6$ $\mu$l, PCV of 32%, total protein of 8.0 g/dl, and fibrinogen of 900 mg/dl. In serum chemistry BUN was 87.4 mg/dl and creatinine was 5.1 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed pH of 5.6, SG of 1.009 and protein of 500 mg/dl. In urine sediment test many RBCs, leukocytes, inflammatory cells and a few epithelial cells were observed. On histopathologic examination the size of right and left kidney were 15 cm, 16 cm in length, 6 cm, 6 cm in widths, respectively. Both sides of kidney were filled with brown-orange fluid and had irregular capsular surface. The cysts of various sizes were located throughout the cortex and medulla. No abnormality was found in any other organs. Histologically, cyst was lined by cuboidal to slightly flattened tubular epithelium and surrounded by mature fibrous connective tissue. Glomeruli, tubule and renal pelvis remained normal between cysts and exfoliated epithelial cells.