• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2024

Optimizing text entry in extended reality (XR) is important. However, most studies have focused on inputting alphabetic characters, so there is still insufficient research on inputting Korean characters. As a follow-up to our previous research, this paper deals with the effects of keyboard layout and augmented position on Korean text entry in the XR environment. For this purpose, we developed a virtual keyboard environment using the representative Korean keyboard layout "Du-Beol-Sik" across three augmented positions: mid-air, physical planar surface, and palmar surface. After conducting an experiment, we analyzed the effects of keyboard layout and augmented position on text entry by comparing the results of our previous research (the effect of augmented position on text entry based on the international standard Korean keyboard layout 'Chon-Ji-In'). The analysis results confirmed that the virtual keyboard performed the best overall when augmented in mid-air regardless of the keyboard layout. It was also confirmed that the keyboard layout had little effect on text entry. Based on detailed analyses, we suggest directions for providing a virtual keyboard for Korean text entries in the future.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.245-252
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• 2009

We present a design for personalisation of a chording keyboard. There are two primary design goals. Firstly, the keyboard layout should be easy to learn, and easy to use, taking into account the background and physical constraints of the user. Secondly, the keyboard layout should be readily extensible, based on the previous behaviour of the keyboard user. The design proposal accomplishes these goals, and can be simply implemented on cost-effective hardware. In addition, we present preliminary experimental results on optimising the initial keyboard layout.

• 산업공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2009

Recently, the use of soft-keyboard is widespread and increases, because various handheld devices were developed such as PDA, navigation, mobile phones with enhanced competence of touchscreen. The use of soft-keyboard requires different characteristics compared to traditional hard-keyboard like QWERTY keyboard: no standard character layout, one finger entry, and cognitive processing time. In this study, therefore, the optimal soft-keyboard layout for one finger text entry in touchscreen environment was investigated among 6 keyboard layouts which were developed based on traditional characteristic of Korean text and the usage frequency of both vowels and consonants. As a result, the interface with Korean text invention order like 'ㄱㄴㄷㄹ' or 'ㅏㅑㅓㅕㅕ' was found to be better than the interface with usage frequency-based arrangement. Especially the vowels were most efficient when separated into two parts; located at the right-hand side and at right below the consonants. In conclusion, the keyboard layout with regard to the Korean text characteristic and the invention order was a more effective layout resulted from the minimum cognitive processing time.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.569-580
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to identify the most effective keyboard layout in the area of performance for securing usability in a smart watch-using environment and to verify the usability of touch keyboard calibrated by hand. Background: It is necessary to understand the environmental characteristics in using the smart watch and to secure the usability of touch keyboard based on this understanding in order to take account of the users who use the touch screen in the extreme input conditions caused by the small screen of a smart watch. Method: 30 participants in this study were required to input characters using the QWERTY keyboard and 3x4 keypad (Naratgul, Chunjiin), which were familiar with them, in order to grasp the keyboard layout suitable in the smart watch- using environment; the performance (error rate, performance time) of this case was measured. In addition, 30 participants in this study were required to input the characters setting the QWERTY keyboard with calibrated touch area and the one with uncalibrated touch area, based on the characteristics of touch behavior, by finger typing the keyboard, with the performance (error rate and performance time) of this case measured. Results: QWERTY keyboard (93.3sec) is found to be 31.2% faster than Naratgul keyboard, a kind of 3x4 keypad, and 43.6% faster than Chunjiin keyboard, in the area of efficiency, in the results of the usability evaluation regarding the keyboard layout. QWERTY keyboard with calibrated touch area (7.5%) is found to be 23.5% improved compared to the QWERTY keyboard with uncalibrated touch area (9.8%) in the area of accuracy (error rate). The results of the usability evaluation regarding the QWERTY keyboard with touch area calibrated by finger typing the keyboard and QWERTY keyboard with calibrated touch area (80.7sec) is found to be 5.7% improved compared to QWERTY keyboard with uncalibrated touch area (85.6sec) in the area of efficiency (performance time). Conclusion: QWERTY keyboard is found to have an effective layout in the area of efficiency in the smart watch-using environment, and its improved usability is verified in the areas of accuracy and efficiency in the QWERTY keyboard with a touch area calibrated by finger typing the keyboard. Application: The results of this study may be used to set up the basic touch keyboard of the smart watch. The input usability is expected to secure the smart watch-using environment, which is an extreme input condition by applying QWERTY keyboard with touch area calibrated by finger typing the keyboard.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2002

한글기계화에 대한 논쟁의 초점은 어디까지나 벌식에만 맞추어져 왔다. 현재 표준안으로 되어있는 2벌식 키보드에서 실제 한글을 사용할 때의 문제점은 윗글쇠의 빈번한 사용에 따른 오타의 증가와 피로도의 누적이었다. 윗글쇠 사용상의 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 가설을 세울 수 있다. '윗글쇠의 위치와 디자인을 변경함으로써 윗글쇠를 누를 때 다른 키(key)와의 간섭을 제거하여 한글 입력시의 오타율을 줄일 수 있다.' 본 연구에서는 윗글쇠의 위치와 디자인을 변경한 프로토타입(Prototype)을 제작하고, 사용행태 실험을 통해 그 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면 윗글쇠의 위치 변경은 오히려 숙련자들에게 혼란을 일으킬 수 있으나, 윗글쇠 위치를 유지하면서 하단에 있는 다른 키들을 다른 곳으로 이동시키고 윗글쇠의 크기와 디자인을 개선함으로써 윗글쇠와 다른 키간의 간섭을 줄여 위치 인식을 확실하게 하고 오타를 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 오타는 감소하는 반면 연타속도에는 영향을 미치지 않음으로 인해 한글 입력시의 효율을 향상시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 윗글쇠의 위치 변경과 디자인 개선 전후의 행동특성 관찰을 위주로 실험하였으나, 향후에는 종합적인 한글자판의 개선을 위해, 현재 윗글쇠 하단에 있는 다른 기능 키들의 적절한 위치 선정을 통해 전체적인 개선 효과를 얻을 수 있는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

Skilled typists can type characters or words without looking at keyboard, relying on the finger's relative position. If the relative positions of the fingers can be identified, a virtual keyboard may be accomplished by applying the concept of "DataGlove" or "FingerRing". The virtual keyboard may be efficient as a new mobile input device supporting QWERTY keyboard layout. For the purpose of investigating skilled typing pattern, in this paper the touch-positions of the fingers are measured with a touchscreen while five skilled typists type a long sentence. From these measurements it can be observed that the groups of touch-positions are classified into alphabet characters. Though there are some overlapped groups we can find constant distances capable of being discriminated among the groups from investigation of the change of touch-position for touch-time. Based on the analysis, the prediction algorithm of the constant distance is proposed and evaluated, which is useful for realization of a portable virtual keyboard.le virtual keyboard.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.254-255
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• 2003

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.720-726
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• 2003

A virtual keyboard may be efficient as a new mobile input device supporting QWERTY keyboard layout. As a preliminary study for developing a virtual keyboard, the typing pattern of a skilled human is investigated. In the study the touch-positions of the fingers are measured with a touchscreen while five skilled typists perform typing of long sentences. From these measurements it can be observed that the groups of touch-positions are classified into alphabetic characters. Though there are some mismatches, we can find constant distances capable of being discriminated among the groups. Based on the analysis the prediction algorithm of the constant distance is proposed and evaluated, which is useful for realization of a portable virtual keyboard.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1263-1270
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• 2018

Dynamic adaptation method is an effective technique to enhance the usability by personalizing the soft keyboard layout using the user's key input information. In this paper, we propose a dynamic adaptation method of a keyboard by automatically extracting typos from key input information and using adjacent-typo information classified through the relationship between typos. This technique does not limit a range of adaptation to the inside of the key but extends the range to the neighbor key so that the adaptation effect can be achieved in a wide range at a high speed, thereby the proposed method improves the usability of the keyboard with a small number of inputs. The proposed method showed 25% increase in usability compared to the existing method through experiment and it was confirmed that usability improves up to 33% when used with the existing method.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

오늘날 스마트폰 시장이 폭발적으로 성장함에 따라 일반인과 시각 장애인의 스마트폰 사용에 차이가 발생하여 정보 활용 격차가 날로 심화되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 시각 장애인의 일반인과의 정보 활용 격차를 줄이기 위해 시각 장애인만을 대상으로 한 저렴한 가격의 요철 필름을 사용한 점자를 기반으로 문자 및 숫자 입력 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 점자의 모양을 기반으로 애플의 iOS 상에 요철 필름과 레이아웃을 설계하여 그 레이아웃에 따라 점자 및 숫자 키보드를 설계하였고, 부가적으로 전화, 문자, 단축 다이얼, 응급 구조를 위한 위치전송 기능을 설계하였다. 점자 키보드를 이용하여 입력한 문자는 자동으로 클립보드로 복사되며 다른 응용에서도 이용할 수 있게 하여 시각 장애인이 스마트폰을 편리하게 사용할 수 있도록 구현 하였다.