• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 1997

Hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa $\times$ P. deltoides) clones were fumigated with ozone. Fumigation was applied for 6 to 8 hours each day for approximately 3 months at ozone concentrations of 0.090 to 0.115 ppm using by open-top chambers. Growth and biomass of hybrid poplar seedlings were reduced by ozone exposure. Mean percentage of falling leaves in ozone-treated plant was 6 times higher than that of charcoal-filtered plant. Among physiological responses, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and initial Rubisco activity were significantly lower in seedlings grown in ozone environment compared seedlings grown in charcoal-filtered air. All these physiological results supported that biochemical process to be a key feature to understand reduction in photosynthesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of the airways and lungs that results in limitations of continuous airflow and is caused by exposure to noxious gasses and particles. A major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, COPD is a complex disease pathologically mediated by many inflammatory pathways. Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and CD8+ T-lymphocytes are the key inflammatory cells involved in COPD. Recently, the non-coding small RNA, micro-RNA, have also been intensively investigated and evidence suggest that it plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Here, we discuss the accumulated evidence that has since revealed the role of each inflammatory cell and their involvement in the immunopathogenesis of COPD. Mechanisms of steroid resistance in COPD will also be briefly discussed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1213-1222
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• 2016

Given the growing attention to nature and health in modern society, this study considered the role of a waterscape facility as a key element in a landscape's influence on users' physiological and psychological responses. The subjects were 28 university students, and the collected data included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, salivary amylase concentration, semantic differential (SD) scales, and profile of mood states (POMS). As compared to a space without any waterscape element (Type G), relaxation in a space with a waterscape element (Type W) was found to significantly reduce of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and salivary amylase concentration. The SD scale and POMS findings showed that Type W evoked active, bright, dynamic, free, vital, interesting, and cheerful images and improved mood states by enhancing vigor while inhibiting depressive feelings. These findings indicate waterscape facilities can improves users' mood states and may enhance their health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.11-23
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to express the sexuality of feminism in the modern fashion. As for the methods of research, literary research was carried out using reference based on feminism history and sexuality concept and demonstrative analysis was undertaken using 2000's collections photographs. In the results of that, the sexuality of gender resistance feminism is featured by three key words: sado-masochism sexuality, bi sexuality and hetero sexuality. First, sado-masochism sexuality shows fetish look and dominatrix look shown in the strong attitudes. Sado-masochism sexuality is setting fetishes such as mask, whip, chain, metallic materials and tight leather boots. Second, bi sexuality presents mannish look of soft and feminie style's slim pants suit with ruffle, flounce and decorated detail blouse. and fetish look wearing of sexual symbol clothes such as corset and bustier. Third, hetero sexuality represent glamour look which exposure and emphasis of breasts, hips and other sexual symbols.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.1972-1988
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• 2013

In order to deal with key exposure problem, we introduce forward secure technique into certificateless proxy signature scheme, and propose the formal definition and security model of the forward secure certificateless proxy signature. Our security model takes into account the super adversary in certificateless signature. Furthermore, we present a construction of forward secure certificateless proxy signature scheme with bilinear maps. Based on the difficulty of computational Diffie-Hellman problem, we prove the scheme is secure against chosen message attack in the random oracle model. Finally, we analyze efficiency of the proposed scheme.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.24.1-24.8
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• 2019

Early environmental exposure is recognized as a key factor for long-term health based on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. It considers that early-life nutrition is now being recognized as a major contributor that may permanently program change of organ structure and function toward the development of diseases, in which epigenetic mechanisms are involved. Recent researches indicate early-life environmental factors modulate the microbiome development and the microbiome might be mediate diet-epigenetic interaction. This review aims to define which nutrients involve microbiome development during the critical window of susceptibility to disease, and how microbiome modulation regulates epigenetic changes and influences human health and future prevention strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 2012

Limiting thermal exposure time using rapid thermal processing(RTP) has emerged as promising simplified process for manufacturing of solar cell in a continuous way. This paper reports the simplification of co-firing using RTP. Actual temperature profile for co-firing after screen printing is a key issue for high-quality metal-semiconductor contact. The plateau time during the firing process were varied at $450^{\circ}C$ for 10~16 sec. Glass frit in Ag paste etch anti-reflection layer with plateau time. Glass frit in Ag paste is important for the Ag/Si contact formation and performances of crystalline Si solar cell. We achieved 17.14% efficiency with optimum conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.474-474
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• 2011

Graphene is considered as a potential candidate for the key material in the ideal 2D nanoelectronics. Recently, it is reported that graphene has an interesting sensitivity to molecular adsorption on it. Such properties are believed to be enhanced by the existence of disorders and ripples inside graphene as well as by the interaction with the substrate underneath. Here, we report the effect of introducing structural disorders to the graphene on its electrical properties such as conductance, transconductance, low frequency noise, which can be successfully described by a simple model of the continuum percolation. In addition, the response of the graphene device to gaseous molecular adsorption was systematically investigated and the results were discussed along with the change in Raman spectra.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1499-1501
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• 1994

This paper studies on the outdoor field test facilities which are established for weather-resist and mechanical-resist property teat of composite insulator. We have established measuring and data acquisition system for various test conditions -leakage current, temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind velocity and rainfall. The merry-go-round test and salt fog test have been studied in order to evaluate non tracking property of rubber material. Especially we have checked the relationship between hydrophobicity and outdoor exposure degree by contact angle measurement.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2007

Over-expression of a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) resulted in substantially increased tolerance to cadmium exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana. Lower lipid peroxidation and $H_2O_2$ accumulation and the higher activities of $H_2O_2$ scavenging enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in transformants (CuZnSOD-tr) compared to untransformed controls (wt) indicated that oxidative stress was the key factor in cadmium tolerance. Although progressive reductions in the dark-adapted photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and quantum efficiency yield were observed with increasing cadmium levels, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were less marked in CuZnSOD-tr than in wi. These observations indicate that oxidative stress in the photosynthetic apparatus is a principal cause of Cd-induced phytotoxicity, and that Cu/ZnSOD plays a critical role in protection against Cd-induced oxidative stress.