• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 1996.02a
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• pp.297-306
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• 1996

A spontaneously spoken, natural Japanese discourse contains many instances of the so-called redundant interjections and of backchannel utterances. These expressions have not hitherto received much attention and few systematic analyses have been made. We show that these utterances are characterizable as discourse markers, and that they comprise a well-defined category, characterizable in a regular manner by their phonologico-prosodic properties. Our report is based on an experiment involving spontaneously spoken conversations, recorded in a laboratory environment and analyzed using digital devices. Prosodic patterns of discourse markers occurring in the recorded conversations have been analyzed. Several pitch patterns have been found that characterize the most frequently used Japanese discourse markers

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.145-150
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• 2003

Polypropylene nonwoven fabrics were exposed to He/$O_2$ atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma. Surface chemical analysis and contact angle measurement revealed the surface oxidation by formation of new functional groups after plasma treatment. Weight loss (%) measurement and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a significant plasma etching effect. It was investigated in low-stress mechanical properties of the fabrics using Kawabata Evaluation System (KES-FB). The surface morphology change by plasma treatment increased surface friction due to an enhancement of fiber-to-fiber friction, resulting in change of other low-stress mechanical properties of fabric.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.460-464
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes of drapability and mechanical properties with folded yarn conditions. The samples were knitted 100% cotton yarn with hand-knitting machine. Mechanical properties were measured by Instron and Kawabata tester. Drapability was measured by Drapemeter. The differences in each sample were observed in the experimental results. This study showed that folded conditions were important conditions for fabric handle and properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.3_4
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• pp.521-526
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• 2004

The fragrant fabrics are prepared by the attaching microcapsules using acrylic binder. To improve the handle of fragrant fabrics, pretreatment by softener is suggested. The durability of fragrant fabrics and the change of their handle are investigated. It is carried out One-way ANOVA and Duncan test to determine bending properties, shear properties, surface properties of untreated, SO-MC and BI-MC by Kawabata system. BI-MC shows significant differences in B and 2HB. SO-MC shows significant differences in G and 2HG. It turned out the pretreatment by softener mitigated the effect of binder and makes fabrics softer than untreated fabrics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.230-234
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• 1998

This study developed a test with a high test-retest reliability consisting of 18 items by selecting from Korean adjectives describing tactile sensations. Principal components were extracted by three repeated measurements of 19 different fabrics for underwear. Adjectives such as 'smooth' 'soft' 'sexy' 'comfortable' and 'cozy' were most discriminating between preferred and non-preferred fabrics. The fabrics were analyzed by Kawabata Evaluation System in 16 mechanical properties, then these properties were analyzed by regression analyses as to their relations with human sensation and sensibility. Among the fabrics, the most preferred were made of polyester whereas the least preferred were made of gauze and cotton. Mechanical properties were identified that were related to the most discriminating adjectives such as 'smooth', 'soft', 'sexy,' and 'cozy'.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 1998

소비자의 감성적 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 직물 및 의류의 설계 및 생산을 위해서는 직물의 접촉시에 유발되는 감성반응의 객관적이고 정량화된 평가 체계의 개발이 절실히 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 질감을 표현하는 형용사들을 추출하여 최종적으로 18개의 감각 및 감성을 구분한 Likert Scale을 개발하였으며 이 척도의 신뢰도(reliability)는 매우 높았다. 이들 18개의 형용사는 요인분석 결과 5개의 주된 요인으로 묶였으며 구성타당도가 높은 척도이다. 19종의 내의 표본에 대한 세 차례의 측정을 통해 내의 직물의 선호도(감성)에 영향을 미치는 주된 감각적 감성요인을 추출하였다. 특히 "매끄러움", "부드러움". "섹시함". "편안함". "폭신함". 등의 감성요인이 선호직물과 비선호 직물을 매우 잘 구분해 주는 소비자의 대표적 감성으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 가장 중요한 결과로, Kawabata Evaluation System을 이용하여 시료 내의 직물의 16개 역학적 특성을 분석하였으며, 이들 특성이 감성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 회귀 분석을 통해 분석하였다. 본 연구의 시료직물 중 선호되는 내의류들은 폴리에스테르(속칭, 물실크)종류이었으며, 가장 비선호 되는 것들은 망사나 모시메리로 나타났다. 내의류 js호도에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 주된 심리적 특성인 "매끄러움". "부드러움". "섹시함". "편안함" 그리고 "푹신함" 등을 결정짓는 방정식을 만들었다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

Helium-oxygen plasma treatments were conducted to modify poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PIT) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) warp knitted fabrics under atmospheric pressure. Lubricant and contamination removals by plasma etching effect were examined by weight loss $(\%)$ measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Surface oxidation by plasma treatments was revealed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, resulting in formation of hydrophilic groups and moisture regain $(\%)$ enhancement. Low-stress mechanical properties (evaluated by Kawabata evaluation system) and bulk properties (air permeability and bust strength) were enhanced by plasma treatment. Increasing interfiber and interyarn frictions might play important roles in enhancing surface property changes by plasma etching effect, and then changing low-stress mechanical properties and bulk properties for both fabrics.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 1998

Nonwoven fabrics for diaper coverstock were treated with chitosan solution by pad-dry method. Two chitosans of different molecular weigh(Mw) with similar degree of deacetylation(DDA) were used: Mw 1,800(chitosan oligomer, DDA 84%). Effect of chitosan treatment on the mechanical properties was investigated using KES-FB system. Primary hand values were calculated from mechanical properties using the same equation as the men's suiting equation with minor modification, and total hand values were calculated using new KN-5LNW equation for nonwoven fabrics developed by Kawabata et al. Increase in chitosan treatment concentration increased B, 2HB, WT, LT and RC, and decreased WC continuously. Chitosan treatment affected other mechanical properties regardless of molecular weight. Considering primary hand values obtained from mechanical properties, it was found that chitosan of Mw 180,000 and chitosan oligomer provided softer, smoother, and more bulky at below 0.05% and above 0.5% treatment concentration respectively. Samples treated with 1.0% chitosan oligomer solution, and 0.01％ chitosan solution of Mw 180,000 showed the best total hand values. (Korean J Human Ecology 1(2):119∼128, 1998)

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

The Kubo formalism and utilizing the projection operator technique (POT) introduced by Kawabata, the electron spin resonance (ESR) line-shape formula for carbon nanotubes through the hyperfine interaction introduced earlier in terms of POT. We can see that the line-width decreases exponentially as the temperature increases. The spin relaxation time show gradual decrease as magnetic field becomes larger. The analysis reveals the peculiarities in spin relaxation inherent to one dimensional system at low temperature and weak magnetic fields. Thus, the present technique is considered to be more convenient to explain the carbon nanotubes as in the case of other optical transitions.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.86-98
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• 2009

The fashion industry saw the emergence of environment-friendly and natural fabric materials recently. The naturalism trend has established sectors in the textile and fashion industry also. Ramie and hemp have long been favored fabric materials in Korea especially for summer. The hand-related mechanical/physical properties of the fabric specimens were analyzed using a fabric objective measurement system, KES(Kawabata Evaluation System). Subjective evaluation was also implemented based on a series of selected adjectives. Studies on natural dyeing methods are important since the establishment of scientific approach is needed in terms of environment and human safety along with the reproduction of traditional natural dyeing methods. In this study, linen, ramie, hemp, and cotton/polyester/linen union fabric specimens were used for the natural dyeing using Rubia akane Nakai with the mordant of gallnut. ${\Delta}E$ values of dyed fabric specimens, mordanted and dyed once using Rubia akane Nakai, increased significantly compared to those of repeatedly dyed fabric specimens without mordanting.