• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1996.07a
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• pp.30-30
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• 1996

A suproxide dismutase gene of Aquifex pyroprolus, a novel marine hypenhermophilic bacterium, was cloned, expressed, and characterized. The SOD of A pyrophilus (ApSOD) is an iron-containing homo-oligomeric protein with a monomeric molecular weight of 24.2 kDa. the amino acid sequence is similar to those of known Mn- and Fe-SODs from thermophilic archaea, and metal binding residues in all SOD sequences from different species are also conserved in A. pyrophilus SOD. (omitted)

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.218-230
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• 2014

To achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, firm is required innovative activities and competences. However, Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) is hard to achieve a superior performance because they possess low competences. So, this paper identify determinants of innovation performance by firm size in motor and electronics industry based on a resource-based view. This paper analyzes the effects of innovation activities and competence on innovation performance by using firm-level data provided by Korea Innovation Survey (KIS). The empirical evidence presented shows that there are differences of determinants on innovation performance by industry and firm size.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to find out what impact the accural has on the each stage of corporate life cycle. In order to meet that purpose, we collect the financial information from 2001 to 2010 of listed companies and then the regression analysis was carried out to verify the hypothesis. The finding shows that the accural of maturity stage is significantly bigger than those of introductrory, growth stage and smaller than those of shake-out, decline stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.126-127
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• 2016

지리적 표시 단체표장은 WTO/TRIPs 협정체결을 통하여 비로소 범국가적으로 보호되기 시작한 신지식재산권이다. 지리적 표시라 함은 상품의 특정 품질 및 명성 또는 그 밖의 특성이 본질적으로 특정지역에서 비롯된 경우 그 지역에서 생산 및 제조 또는 가공된 상품임을 나타내는 표시를 말한다. 본 연구는 지리적 표시 단체표장과 관련된 연구를 중심으로 문헌분석을 수행하기 위해 2000년부터 2016년까지 우리나라 학술지에 게재된 연구를 대상으로 하였다. 국내 학술논문을 수집하기 위해 사회과학 논문 데이터베이스인 RISS와 DBpia 및 KISS에서 "지리적 표시 단체표장"의 주제어를 이용하여 검색하였다. 검색을 통해 총 24편의 논문을 수집하였다. 문헌분석을 통해 나타난 지리적 표시 표장제도에 대한 문제점과 시사점 그리고 이론적 학술적 의의를 제시하고자 한다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

This paper examines how firm's investment has been affected by offshoring and financialization in Korea over the period 2000-2014 by using industry-level data collected from World Input Output Database (WIOD) and firm-level data collected from the KIS-Value Database. The findings are summarized as follows. First, offshoring index as expected shows a negative relationship with real investment. This negative impact is stronger in a large firm group. Second, there is a positive relationship between dividend payments and real investment. The positive relationship is greater in a small & medium-sized firm group. Third, the purchase of financial assets and the income generated from financial assets are positively related to real investment. The positive relationship is stronger in the small & medium-sized firm group. The empirical results show that firm size is a factor that effectively affects firm's real investment. This paper suggests that the influence of financialization and offshoring on firm's real investment should be assessed in various contexts rather than in a unilateral context.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to suggest an efficient way for ventures to achieve innovation performance through R&D cooperative arrangements. Achieving innovation is one of the critical factors for the survival of ventures. Unlike established firms, ventures often do not have the specialized assets necessary to take technological developments to the product and market stages. Young and resource-constrained firms can achieve innovation by finding and accessing to the complementary resources from R&D cooperation. In the current business environment, many firms are likely to engage in multiple simultaneous R&D cooperations with different partners. Recent research stream addresses the importance of efficient cooperation management from the holistic portfolio perspective. Since maintaining the multiple cooperative relations require substantial amount of time and effort, managing cooperative relationships play a more important role to resource-constrained firms. In order to find an efficient composition of R&D cooperative partners, we mainly focus on the diversity of partner type and dependence level in partnership. We analyze the data on Korean manufacturing ventures collected in the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) which was conducted by the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI). The KIS questionnaire assesses the existence of cooperative relationships with different types of partners respectively. The types of cooperating partners are affiliated companies, suppliers, clients & customers, competitors or other firms in the same industry, consulting firms, universities, and research institutes. We confirm that ventures obtain relatively higher benefits from R&D cooperation compared with established firms in terms of innovation performance. The results show that a moderate level of diversity in cooperative partner type composition increases innovation. Moreover, diversity of cooperation dependency among the partners enhances innovation performance. Likewise, concentrating on the quality aspects of cooperative composition, such as diversity of partners and degree of dependencies, this study offers some implications for ventures in managing partners from an integrative perspective.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1006-1031
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• 2013

This study investigates the extent to which product innovation is associated with firm performance, and how this effect is moderated by other type of innovation efforts. Empirical analysis is conducted (1) to determine the effect of product innovation on firm performance; (2) to explore the moderating effect that process innovation, organizational innovation and marketing innovation activities each has on the relationship between product innovation and firm performance. The analytical sample comprises a total of 816 Korean manufacturing firms from the 2010 KIS (Korean Innovation Survey) data and merged with financial data from KIS Info for acquiring the objectivity. The results show that product innovation is positively associated with a firm performance. Product innovation when combined with higher levels of process, organizational and marketing innovation activities resulted in higher firm performance. The results suggest that product innovation is a decisive factor of firm performance. More importantly, process, organizational and marketing innovation activities support product innovation and thus impact firm performance indirectly. In addition, this study examines the effect of innovation activities on firm performance by different firm size and R&D intensity, thereby further improving the details of this study.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.559-581
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• 2013

Over the last several decades, the service sector has experienced the rapid growth and will continue to grow in importance, stature and job creation potential. Productivity and innovation activities in the service sector have come under the spotlight as an important element of national economic development. Despite the spotlight, however, not many studies have conducted to investigate the characteristics of innovation activities in the service sector, compared to the rich literature on the innovation in the manufacturing sector. One of the distinguishing features of service innovation is that innovation activities differ markedly across services. Therefore, this research purposes to investigate the characteristics of service innovation focusing on the differences across service types. Here, we restrict our focus to technical innovation such as product and process innovation. For the purpose of investigation, firstly, the KIS (Korea Innovation Survey) dataset in the service sector was adopted, which includes information about patterns of innovation in the Korean firms that provide service offerings. Then, service typology was developed by two criteria - customize-based and facility-based - on the assumption that the characteristics of service innovation activities will vary according the these two criteria; the classifies services into four groups the patterns of innovation activities were analyzed with respect to innovation inputs, process, and outputs. The research findings indicate that each service group has its own patterns of innovation activities, providing valuable information about the state of affairs in service innovation, thereby are expected to help further study technology innovation activity in the service sector.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.565-577
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• 2020

This study empirically examined how a firm size affects the determinants of innovative activities using the data of the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) 2016. With data from 2,003 firms in the manufacturing sector, we performed logistic regression analysis and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis. R&D expenditure and patent applications were used as proxies for innovative activity. The independent variables included the firm's characteristics variables such as the firm's age, tech-level industry, RDemp (R&D employee ratio), venture, export, and industrial characteristics variables such as networking, appropriability, and spillovers. The empirical findings are that there are some differences in firms' innovative activity determinants among the firms' size groups. Next, strategic appropriability has negative impacts on small firms' R&D expenditure and medium-firms' patents. Networking is an important determinant of innovative activity for all firms, except for large firms. Furthermore, in deciding R&D activities, small and medium-sized firms were significantly influenced by industrial characteristics as compared to that of large firms. Our findings suggest some R&D promotion policies. Policies fostering firms' technological interaction would allow firms to take advantage of technological spillovers and thus raise the probability of investing in R&D.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.53-59
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• 2018

Purpose - This study examines the effect of control-ownership wedge on stock crash risk. In Korea, controlling shareholders have exclusive control rights compared to their cash flow rights. With increasing disparity, controlling shareholders abuse their power and extract private benefits at the expense of the minority shareholders. Managers who are controlling shareholders of the companies tend not to disclose critical information that would prevent them from pursuing private interests. They accumulate negative information in the firm. When the accumulated bad news crosses a tipping point, it will be suddenly released to the market at once, resulting in an abrupt decline in stock prices. We predict that stock price crash likelihood due to information opaqueness increases as the wedge increases. Research design, data, and methodology - 831 KOSPI-listed firm-year observations are from KisValue database from 2005 to 2011. Control-ownership wedge is measured as the ratio (UCO -UCF)/UCO where UCF(UCO) is the ultimate cash-flow(control) rights of the largest controlling shareholder. Dependent variable CRASH is a dummy variable that equals one if the firm has at least 1 crash week during a year, and zero otherwise. Logistic regression is used to examine the relationship between control-ownership wedge and stock price crash risk. Results - Using a sample of KOSPI-listed firms in KisValue database for the period 2005-2011, we find that stock price crash risk increases as the disparity increases. Specifically, we find that the coefficient of WEDGE is significantly positive, supporting our prediction. The result implies that as controlling shareholders' ownership increases, controlling shareholders tend to withhold bad news. Conclusions - Our results show that agency problems arising from the divergence between control rights and cash flow rights increase the opaqueness of accounting information. Eventually, the accumulated bad news is released all at once, leading to stock price crashes. It could be seen that companies with high control-ownership wedge are likely to experience future stock price crashes. Our study is related to a broader literature that examined the effect of the control-ownership wedge on stock markets. Our findings suggest that the disparity is a meaningful predictor for future stock price crash risk. The results are expected to provide useful implications for firms, regulators, and investors.