• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2017

본 연구는 K-WISC-IV 프로파일을 통해 고기능 자폐 스펙트럼 장애(ASD) 아동의 인지적인 특성을 확인하여 고기능 ASD 아동의 진단에 도움을 주며, 임상 및 교육 장면에서 효과적인 개입을 위한 정보를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이에 6~16세의 고기능 ASD 아동 90명을 대상으로 K-WISC-IV의 전체 IQ, 지표 점수와 소검사 환산점수의 평균을 살펴보았으며, 이와 같은 점수들이 규준 집단과 차이가 있는지 확인하고자 단일 집단 t 검정을 시행하였다. 그 결과 처리속도 지표, 작업기억 지표에서 고기능 ASD아동이 규준 집단에 비해 유의하게 낮은 점수를 얻었고, 소검사 수준에서는 이해, 공통그림찾기, 빠진 곳찾기, 순차연결, 산수, 동형찾기, 기호쓰기에서 유의미하게 부진한 수행을 보였다. 다시 말해, K-WISC-IV 프로파일을 통해 고기능 ASD 아동들이 처리 속도가 느리고 사회적 판단력이 부족하며 비언어적인 자극을 빠르게 포착하거나 시각 자극의 핵심적 측면을 파악하는 것이 어렵다는 특성을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2021

최근 많은 디지털 콘텐츠가 제시되고 있지만, 발달장애 아동 중 지적장애 아동을 대상으로 한 디지털 콘텐츠는 거의 제작되지 않았다. 지적장애 아동의 인지 개선을 위한 훈련프로그램을 기존의 대면 도제식 수업이 아닌 비대면 원격으로 수업을 진행하기 위해서는 디지털 콘텐츠 기반의 훈련 프로그램이 필요하다. 본 연구는 게임 기반으로 제작된 뉴로월드의 항목과 K-WISC-IV의 소항목과 비교하여 항목 간 상관관계로 공인 타당도를 분석함으로써 새로운 인지훈련 프로그램을 제시하고자 하였다. 검사항목과 훈련 항목 간의 상관관계에 있어 일부 타당성이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 이는 일부분의 훈련 항목이 공인 타당성을 지니고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 신뢰도 측면에서는 Cronbach 알파값이 0.794로 지적장애 아동들의 게임 수행력과 각 게임마다의 레벨 상승 정도가 어느 정도 신뢰성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 인지훈련 도구의 임상실험을 위한 향후 연구에 있어서 유의미한 결과로 사료된다.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.418-433
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• 2015

이 연구는 과학학습 부진을 겪는 중학교 2학년 학생들의 인지적 특성을 한국 웩슬러 아동지능검사-4판 (K-WISC-IV)을 이용하여 심층적으로 분석하고 이를 과학학습 우수아집단 및 일반아 집단과 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 규명하고자 하였다. 과학학습 우수 집단의 FSIQ는 통계적으로 일반집단, 과학학습 부진아 집단 보다 높게 나타났다. 언어이해 지표(VCI)에서는 과학학습 우수 집단과 일반 집단이 과학학습 부진 집단보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 하위 요인인 공통성(SI)에서는 과학학습 부진아 집단이 다른 두 집단에 저조한 수행을 보였는데, 이는 과학학습 부진아 집단의 낮은 수준의 추상화 능력은 과학적 추론 능력이 부족한 것에 기인한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 공통성 소검사는 과학학습 부진아 집단을 가려낼 수 있는 변별력 높은 소검사라고 판단되며, 낮은 수준의 언어 이해 능력, 추상화 능력 및 추론 능력은 과학학습 부진의 가장 큰 요인으로 작용한 다고 볼 수 있다. 작업기억 지표(WMI)에서 과학학습 우수 집단이 일반집단, 과학학습 부진 집단보다 높게 나타났다. 작업기억은 과학의 유추 문제의 해결 과정의 원활한 수행에 깊이 관여하여 과학 학업 성취에 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다. 이에 대한 교육학적 함의를 논의하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2017

Objectives: The study compared the intelligence test profiles of Tourette's Disorder (TD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and TD with ADHD (TD+ADHD) groups. Methods: The Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition (K-WISC-III) and Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition (K-WISC-IV) were administered to 13 children and adolescents with TD, 17 children and adolescents with ADHD, and 15 children and adolescents with TD+ADHD. Each parameter was compared among the groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean scores of the freedom from distractibility/working memory index (FD/WMI) and the digit span and arithmetic subtests of the TD+ADHD group were significantly lower than those of the TD group. Conclusion: According to the intelligence test results, the comorbid ADHD+TD group showed a significant decrease in working memory compared to the TD group. These findings are similar to those of previous research on cognitive functions and suggest that the TD+ADHD comorbid and TD alone groups exhibit different endophenotypes. The results also imply that WISC-III and WISC-IV, the most commonly used intelligence tests clinically, are effective in evaluating cognitive functions such as attention. Further research is required to confirm these results.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate Korean Wechsler Intelligence profiles and specific abilities related to attention problem of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : The Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition (K-WISC-IV) and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) were administered to 91 children and adolescents (age $8.5{\pm}2.6$ years, 73 boys) with ADHD. Pearson correlation and independent t-tests were used. Results : The means of Working Memory Index (WMI) and Processing Speed Index (PSI) showed a score of low average in K-WISC-IV. WMI scores for the K-WISC-IV showed clinically significant correlations with omission errors, commission errors, and response time variability on auditory ATA. PSI scores also showed significant correlations with response time and variability on visual ATA. In addition, significantly lower digit span backward scores were observed in hyperactive-impulsive/combined subtypes compared to inattentive subtype (t=3.60, p<.001). Conclusion : Children with ADHD showed significantly lower scores in WMI and PSI which were clinically correlated with ATA scores, and hyperactive-impulsive/combined subtypes showed poorer working memory functions in WMI. Follow-up studies are proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (K-WISC-IV) and General Ability Index (GAI) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The GAI and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) in K-WISC-IV were compared for a group of 79 children with ADHD and 234 normal children. The mean differences within each group were testified by the t-test and Cohen's d. The Wechsler's descriptive classifications for each GAI and FSIQ score were analyzed in the children with ADHD. Additionally, the critical value for the difference between the means of the FSIQ and GAI was calculated in the normal children. Results: The score on the GAI was higher than that on the FSIQ in the children with ADHD, with a mean difference of 2.19 points. The implications of these findings are discussed regarding the cognitive characteristics of the children with ADHD. According to Wechsler's descriptive classification, the application of the GAI showed a lower (7.59%), equal (61.65%) or higher (60.76%) prevalence of ADHD compared to the application of FSIQ. Conclusion: The implications of these findings are discussed regarding the cognitive characteristics of the children with ADHD. The GAI reflecting the attention and behavioral problems in children with ADHD could be utilized as an alternative global intelligence estimate that considers their potential for development.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.65-83
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to validate the newly developed K-WPPSI-IV using other current IQ tests in common use in Korea such as the K-ABC and K-CTONI-2. Fifty three 2~7 year olds were tested with both the K-WPPSI-IV and K-ABC in a counterbalanced order. Simultaneous, cognitive, information processing as well as acquisition indices of K-ABC were moderately correlated with the total IQ of K-WPPSI-IV, ranging .44~.58. The results of these tests were comparable with US data: Correlations among WPPSI-IV & DAS-II subscales were .31~.67. The correlations among K-WPPSI-IV & K-CTONI-2 subscales in sixty two children ranged from .43~.49. WMI(Working memory index) as well as PSI(Processing speed index) of K-WPPSI showed low correlations with non-verbal IQ. These results indicated that nonverbal IQ does not test processing speed which in turn is very important in WMI & PSI Indices of K-WPPSI-IV. Further studies are needed to broaden the concurrent validities using K-WISC-IV or K-BSID-2. In addition, predictive as well as discriminate validity studies need to be conducted for better understanding of K-WPPSI-IV.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2020

Objectives: Although aggressive behavior in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has previously shown correlations with hyperactivity/impulsivity, few studies have examined its association with inattention or the effect of working memory on aggressive behavior. This study aimed to assess the relationship between inattention and aggressive behavior and the effect of working memory on the relationship between inattention and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Thirty-one children and 26 adolescents with ADHD were retrospectively investigated. The subjects completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (K-WISC-IV), the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), and the Korean Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Results: Inattention was positively correlated with aggressive behavior in children and adolescents with ADHD and working memory showed an insignificant correlation. However, working memory had a significant moderating effect on aggressive behavior by interacting with inattention. The moderating effect of working memory manifested when the working memory index score on the K-WISC-IV was 73.5 points or higher, and it had a significant effect on aggressive behavior. Conclusion: This study shows that the severity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity should be addressed to provide appropriate treatment to children and adolescents with ADHD who exhibit aggressive behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.150-160
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• 2018

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of social skills training (SST) on facial emotion recognition and discrimination in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Twenty-three children aged 7 to 10 years participated in our SST. They included 15 children diagnosed with ADHD and 8 with ASD. The participants' parents completed the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), the ADHD Rating Scale, and Conner's Scale at baseline and post-treatment. The participants completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (K-WISC-IV) and the Advanced Test of Attention at baseline and the Penn Emotion Recognition and Discrimination Task at baseline and post-treatment. Results: No significant changes in facial emotion recognition and discrimination occurred in either group before and after SST. However, when controlling for the processing speed of K-WISC and the social subscale of K-CBCL, the ADHD group showed more improvement in total (p=0.049), female (p=0.039), sad (p=0.002), mild (p=0.015), female extreme (p=0.005), male mild (p=0.038), and Caucasian (p=0.004) facial expressions than did the ASD group. Conclusion: SST improved facial expression recognition for children with ADHD more effectively than it did for children with ASD, in whom additional training to help emotion recognition and discrimination is needed.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 가정환경의 자극 특성과 연령에 따른 웩슬러 아동용지능검사의 소검사별 수행을 알아보는데 있었다. 이를 위하여 만 6-16세 아동 청소년 128명을 대상으로 훈련받은 검사자가 K-WISC-IV를 실시하였으며 아동의 어머니에게 가정의 물리적, 정서적 특성에 대한 HOME를 실시하였다. 연령에 따라 만 6-10세와 11-16세 집단별로 분석한 결과 두 연령집단 모두 전체 지능 및 언어이해 지표와 가정환경자극 간 유의미한 정적 상관이 발견되었다. 6-10세 집단의 경우 가정환경자극의 하위영역 중 언어적 자극 및 학습자료가 언어이해, 작업기억, 지각추론, 전체 지능과 유의미한 관련성이 있었으며, 11-16세 집단의 경우, 자기조력 장려 및 학습자료가 전체지능, 언어이해, 작업기억 지표와 유의미한 정적 상관이 있었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과가 논의되었으며, 향후 지능검사의 개정을 반영한 새로운 소검사의 수행과 가정환경자극 간 관련성이 연구되어야 할 필요성이 제시되었다.