• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

A numerical model for multiple reflection effects of a polarized beam on laser grooving has been developed. The surface of the treated material is assumed to reflect laser irradiation in a fully specular fashion. Combining electromagnetic wave theory with Fresnel's relation, the reflective behavior of a groove surface can be obtained as well as the change of the polarization status in the reflected wave field. The material surface is divided into a number of rectangular patches using a bicubic surface representation method. The net radiative flux far these patch elements is obtained by standard ray tracing methods. The changing state of polarization of the electric field after reflection was included in the ray tracing method. The resulting radiative flux is combined with a set of three-dimensional conduction equations governing conduction losses into the medium, and the resulting groove shape and depth are found through iterative procedures. It is observed that reflections of a polarized beam play an important role not only in increasing the material removal rate but also in forming different final groove shapes. Comparison with available experimental results for silicon nitride shows good agreement for the qualitative trends of the dependence of groove shapes on the electric field vector orientation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.639-646
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• 1998

To evaluate the effect of interface conditions and retention grooves in the Class V composite resin restoration of the maxillary first premolar, the distribution of the values of stress and displacement was analyzed with the two-dimensional finite element method. The results were obtained as follows : 1. Boundary elements and Stiffness values could be used as the interface parameters in the, finite element method. 2. The amount of restriction of the displacement at the cervical margin by placing a retention groove at the cervical wall was about three times as high as that by placing a retention groove at the occlusal wall. 3. Because of the relative amount of tensile components of the stress values in the bucco-lingual direction, the possibility of dislocation of the restoration was much higher at the cervical margin than at the occlusal margin. 4. It might be recommended that both occlusal and cervical retention grooves be used routinely, but if one, it be placed at the cervical wall.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1-8
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• 1990

We made a 12-Laser Diode Array consisting of 12 Graded Index Separate Confinement (GRINSCH) InGaAs/Inp Buried Heterostructure 4 Quantum Well Laser Diodes and examined the potential of controlling lasing operation of each laser diode by the voltage to its electroabsorption region. Using Si V-Groove with 12 V-grooves, a 12-Laser Diode Array, and 12 optical fibers, we investigated the various characteristics of each laser diode by changing the voltage to its electro-absorption region. Finally, we thought over the promising way of implementing optical local area communication between electric circuit boards or between subscribers and a central office using a 12-Laser Diode Array, Si V-groove, and optical fibers.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1999

Purpose : Average humeral head retroversion was showed significant wide range from literatures based on variable measuring technique, We performed computed tomography(CT) study in an effort to define the specific anatomy relationships and evaluate their use. Materials and Methods : Two hundreds shoulders and distal humeri CT scan with no known pathology were examined. The study population was divided to 10 groups by gender and age (from third to seventh decade). The number of each group was twenty. Retroversion of proximal humerus and glenoid were measured using the lines that were connected the central axis of humeral head, central points of the humeral epicondyles paralleling to the trochlea, paralled to the glenoid surface, midpoint between the transverse glenoid diameter and medial edge of the scapular. We also measured the bicipital groove distance from the humeral central axis and scapulothoracic angle. Results: Retroversion of proximal humerus was highly variable, ranging in this study from 13 to 58 degrees(mean 28.73) These values correlated with sex, not age, height or hand dominance. Glenoid retroversion at the inferior sections showed average 1.3 degree, did not signigicant differences. The central axis was an average of l0mm(5-15mm) posterior to the posterior margin of the bicipital groove. Scapulothoracic angle was average 43 degrees(25-53 degrees) Conclusion: Anatomical reconstruction of retroversion angle should be individualized and bicipital groove could be useful as landmark for the lateral fin of the prosthesis to be positioned an average of 10mm posteriorly.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 2006

In the present study, we developed a numerical analysis software to predict performance of tilting-pad thrust bearings. The finite element method was adopted to compute lubricant film pressure and temperature. Three-dimensional heat transfer equations were solved simultaneously for the lubricant film, pad, and runner. Groove temperature was assumed with two different models. From application of the software to a thrust bearing, it has been seen that the three-dimensional analysis predicts higher temperature than the average temperature analysis. It has also been found that the groove model with a hot-oil-carry-over factor predicts higher temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

In this study, a DNA chip with a microelectrode array was fabricated using microfabrication technology. Several probe DNAs consisting of mercaptohexyl moiety at their 5 end were immobilized on the gold electrodes by DNA arrayer. Then target DNAs were hybridized and reacted with Hoechst 33258, which is a DNA minor groove binder and electrochemically active dye. Linear sweep voltammetry or cyclic voltammetry showed a difference between target DNA and control DNA in the anodic peak current values. It was derived from Hoechst 33258 concentrated at the electrode surface through association with formed hybrid. It suggested that this DNA chip could recognize the sequence specific genes.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1626-1637
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• 2006

The pressure pulsation due to the gear geometry of the gerotor (generalized rotor) pump mainly occurs in an instant that the chamber of the gerotor enters the delivery port and leaves the suction one. Such a pressure pulsation may result in undesirable vibration and noise of pump components as well as cavitation in hydraulic system. Therefore, it is very important to examine the pressure characteristic of the gerotor pump at its design and analysis stages. In this paper, in order to reduce the pressure pulsation in the gerotor pump, the port plate with the relief grooves is designed by referring to as notch of vane pump and relief groove of piston pump. A series of the theoretical analyses on the pressure pulsation is performed in consideration of various design parameters of the port plate, including the installation positions of the port inlet/outlet and the groove width, and the operating conditions such as rotational velocity and delivery pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.67-68
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• 2002

The properties and mechanism of silicon protuberance and groove processing by diamond tip sliding using atomic force microscope (AFM) in atmosphere were studied. To control the height of protuberance and the depth of groove, the processed height and depth depended on load and diamond tip radius were evaluated. Nanoprotuberances and grooves were fabricated on a silicon surface by approximately 100-nm-radius diamond tip sliding using an atomic force microscope in atmosphere. To clarify the mechanical and chemical properties of these parts processed, changes in the protuberance and groove profiles due to additional diamond tip sliding and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution etching were evaluated. Processed protuberances were negligibly removed, and processed grooves were easily removed by additional diamond tip sliding. The KOH solution selectively etched the unprocessed silicon area. while the protuberances, grooves and flat surfaces processed by diamond tip sliding were negligibly etched. Three-dimensional nanofabrication is performed in this study by utilizing these mechanic-chemically processed parts as protective etching mask for KOH solution etching.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.233-239
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• 2011

In this study, the characteristics of herringbone grooved air thrust berings are studied. It is shown that a generalized coordinate transformation method which was developed for handling complex geometry such as herring bone groove journal bearings is well applied to herringbone grooved air thrust bearings. The load carrying capacity and stiffness and damping coefficients are calculated according to the design parameters like groove depth or the number of grooves and compared to that of plain air journal bearings.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.68-73
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• 2009

The bar horn is designed to increase uniformity of the displacement on the output face through simulation and experiments. Three-dimensional modal analysis is conducted using the finite element method to calculate the vibration mode and displacement on the output face, and the design of experiment (DOE) technique is employed to determine the optimum dimensions of the groove and slot so that the high amplitude uniformity of the bar horn is produced. Displacement of the bar horn was measured using the Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV), and the experimental results show good agreements with the predicted results. High uniformity of the bar horn is achieved with the dimensions of the groove and slot determined using the design equations.