• 제목/요약/키워드: Jugular cannula

검색결과 11건 처리시간 0.024초

흰쥐를 이용한 옥시토신 자극검사에 대한 옥시토신 길항제-I의 생체투여 효과 (In Vitro Effect of Oxytocin Antagonist I on an Oxytocin Challenge Test in the Rat)

  • 박석천
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.101-104
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    • 1994
  • 임신기간중 oxytocin의 역할을 규명하기 위해 그리고 조기분만 진통의 억제제로서 수많은 강력한 oxytocin antagonist들이 개발되고 있다. 본 연구는 발정된 흰쥐를 사용하여 oxytocin antagonist I(AI)이 control과 비교하여 자궁에 어떠한 활동을 보이는지를 알아보는 것이 주 목적이었다. AI과 control로서 saline을 주입하기 위해 경정맥에 cannula를 수술하여 집어 넣었고, 또 다른 cannula는 자궁활동을 측정하기 위해 자궁각에 집어 넣었다. 자궁수축상호아은 Grass Polygraph를 사용하여 측정하였고 수축활동은 10분동안의 integrated area를 계산하여 측정되었다. 5$\mu\textrm{g}$의 AI을 주입한 5분후 100mU의 oxytocin이 주입되었고 이 oxytocin주입은 매시간 5시간 동안 계속되었다. AI이 주입된 5분 후, oxytocin에 대한 자궁의 수축반응은 control에 비해 77% 감소되었다(P<0.05). AI 주입 2시간 후에는 그 감소가 control에 비해 54%였다. 그러나 3시간 이후부터 AI은 control과 어떤 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. AI이 인간의 조기분만진통을 방지하는데 사용될 수 있다는 잠재 가능성을 본 연구에서 확인하였다.

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정맥 주입한 Catecholamine이 흰쥐의 기초상태시 위산, Gastrin 및 Secretin 분비에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Intravenous Catecholamine on Gastric Acid, Gastrin and Secretin Secretion in Basal State of the Rat)

  • 김명석;심상수;김미혜;최현
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.179-187
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    • 1988
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on basal gastric acid secretion and plasma gastrin and secretin concentration in the conscious rat. One hundred and eighty-four albino rats with gastric cannula were used after 18 hours or more of fast, with water ad libitum. In a restraint cage for collection of gastric juice, physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) was continuously infused into the jugular vein through a catheter for one hour at a rate of 1 ml/hr (control period). Immediately after the control period, epinephrine (1, 2, 4, 8 and $16{\mu}g/ml/hr)$, norepinephrine (1, 2, 4, 8 and $16{\mu}g/ml/hr)$ or physiological saline (1 ml/hr) was infused for another one hour. Gastric juice was collected at one hour interval for two hours infusion period. Adrenergic antagonists, phentolamine and propranolol were injected into the jugular vein 5 min prior to the infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine at a dose of 0.2 mg/0.1 ml. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein for the radioimmunoassay of plasma gastrin and secretin after the collection of gastric juice. The results were as follows: 1) Both epinephrine and norephinephrine significantly increased gastric acid output in a dosedependent manner. 2) The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the gastric acid secretion were antagonized by the pretreatment with phentolamine and propranolol. 3) Plasma gastrin and secretin concentrations were not significantly affected by the intravenous infusion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. It can be inferred from the above results that epinephrine and norepinephrine facilitate gastric acid secretion in conscious rats and the mechanism of which is attributed to ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ adrenergic receptors rather than gastrin and secretin.

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n-6/n-3 지방산 비율이 차세대 랫드의 지질대사 분할에 미치는 영향 (Effect of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on hepatic glycerolipid partitioning in second generation rats)

  • 박병성
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.839-850
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 차세대 랫드에서 오메가 6(n-6)와 오메가 3(n-3) 지방산 비율이 서로 다른 식이(0, 1.2:1, 8:1, 19:1)의 섭취가 간에서 새롭게 합성 분비되는 glycerolipid의 대사적 분할에 관한 메카니즘을 구명하였다. 그 방법으로써 경정맥 캐뉼라를 부착한 랫드에서 생체모니터링 기법을 이용하였다. glycerolipid 대사에 의한 산화로써 나타난 $^{14}CO_2$ 배출율 범위는 8:1 이하 그룹에서 7.05-20.17%로 나타났으며 대조구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 총 glycerolipid는 대조구가 가장 높았으며 19:1, 8;1, 1.2:1 그룹의 순서로 높았다(p<0.05). 중성지방 분비량은 대조구와 비교할 때 1.2:1, 8:1, 19:1 그룹의 순서로 각각 36.35, 20.93, 13.72% 감소하였다(p<0.05). 총 glycerolipid에 대한 인지질의 분할 비율은 대조구와 비교할 때 1.2:1, 8:1, 19:1 그룹의 순서로 각각 1.38, 1.29, 1.17배 높았다(p<0.05). 총 glycerolipid에 대한 $^{14}CO_2$ 생성비율은 대조구와 비교할 때 1.2:1, 8:1, 19:1 그룹의 순서로 각각 1.61, 1.52, 1.29배 높았다(p<0.05).

반회신경분지의 단단문합에 의한 개의 후두이식 (Laryngeal Transplantation in the Canine by End-to-end Anastomosis of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Branches)

  • 최홍식;김영호;조정일;김세헌;김상균;김광문;홍원표
    • 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 1998
  • Instead of brilliant advancement of the organ transplantation in the medical fields, laryngeal transplantation still has couple of problems to be solved before trial on human. Among them functional restoration of the implanted larynx is the most important point. Recent advancement in animal model studies showed possibility of solving the main problem. Eighteen cases of canine laryngeal transplantation in mongrel dogs were done in this department. One cranial artery and two external jugular veins were connected. External and internal branches of the superior layngeal nerve and anterior and posterior branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve were connected individually. Only two dogs have lived longer than 4 weeks(4weeks, and 10 1/2weeks) and they died unfortunately due to asphixia caused by obstruction of the cannula. Thirteen dogs only lived five days through 15 days. The main causes of the failure were obstruction of the connecting vein, pharyngocutaneous fistula and the wound infection. Although the result was not good enough to evaluate the functional restoration of the implanted larynx, the implanted larynges from the two dogs lived longer than minimum criteria of long term survival(4 weeks) were relatively good in shape at the time of autopsy. This program will be continued after renovation of the animal lab. facilities.

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Changes in ruminal fermentation and blood metabolism in steers fed low protein TMR with protein fraction-enriched feeds

  • Choi, Chang Weon
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.379-386
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    • 2016
  • Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (BW $482.9{\pm}8.10kg$), fed low protein TMR (CP 11.7%) as a basal diet, were used to investigate changes in rumen fermentation and blood metabolism according to protein fraction, cornell net carbohydrates and protein system (CNCPS), and enriched feeds. The steers, arranged in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design, consumed TMR only (control), TMR supplemented with rapeseed meal (AB1), soybean meal (B2), and perilla meal (B3C), respectively. The protein feeds were substituted for 23.0% of CP in TMR. Ruminal pH, ammonia-N, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen digesta, sampled through ruminal cannula at 1 h-interval after the morning feeding, were analyzed. For plasma metabolites analysis, blood was sampled via the jugular vein after the rumen digesta sampling. Different N fraction-enriched protein feeds did not affect (p > 0.05) mean ruminal pH except AB1 being numerically lower 1 - 3 h post-feeding than the other groups. Mean ammonia-N was statistically (p < 0.05) higher for AB1 than for the other groups, but VFA did not differ among the groups. Blood urea nitrogen was statistically (p < 0.05) higher for B2 than for the other groups, which was rather unclear due to relatively low ruminal ammonia-N. This indicates that additional studies on relationships between dietary N fractions and ruminant metabolism according to different levels of CP in a basal diet should be required.

익모초(Leonurus sibiricus)가 자궁운동에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Leonurus sibiricus on Uterine Activity)

  • 박석천;나호민;배영훈;조징;나창수;김정상
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 1996
  • This study was undertaken to illustrate the uterotonic effect of Leonurus sibiricus. It was dissolved in sterile water and several different dosages were administered both in vitro and in vivo study. Rat uterine tissue for in vitro bioassay was obtained from estrous rat. From the low to high dosages of Leonurus sibiricus were tried and each uterine contraction was recorded and integrated. Anesthetized estrous rat for in vivo study was cannulated into the jugular vein for infusion of the compound. Another cannula with a balloon tipped and water filled was inserted into the uterus to measure uterine activity. While the uterine tissue did not respond to low dosage of compound, high dosage of compound stimulated the tissue to contract less than 1 minute with low amplitude. In vivo rat uterus showed a certain, consistent pattern of contractions which was initial relaxation and followed by prolonged and increased amplitude of contractions. It also caused a short breathing stop which might be due to acute acidosis.

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저단백질 TMR을 기초사료로 급여한 홀스타인 거세우에 있어서 CNCPS fraction별 고함유 단백질 공급이 반추위 발효패턴 및 혈액대사물질에 미치는 영향 (Effects of CNCPS fraction-enriched proteins on ruminal fermentation and plasma metabolites in holstein steers fed TMR containing low protein)

  • 최창원
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.237-244
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    • 2015
  • Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (BW $401.0{\pm}2.22kg$) fed TMR containing low protein (CP 9.63 %) as a basal diet were used to investigate the effects of cornell net carbohydrates and protein system (CNCPS) fraction enriched protein feeds on rumen fermentation and blood metabolites. The steers used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design consumed TMR only (control), TMR with rapeseed meal (AB1), TMR with soybean meal (B2) and TMR with perilla meal (B3C), respectively. The protein feeds were substituted for 30 % crude protein of TMR intake. For measuring ruminal pH, ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA), ruminal digesta was sampled through ruminal cannula at 1 h-interval after the afternoon feeding. Blood was sampled via the jugular vein after the ruminal digesta sampling. Different CNCPS fraction-enriched proteins did not affect (p>0.05) ruminal pH except B3C being numerically low compared with the other groups. Ammonia-N and VFA were not significantly different among the experimental groups. Numerically low ammonia-N appeared in the steers fed rapeseed meal even though it contained high soluble N composition (A and B1 fractions). The discrepancy is unclear; however this may be related to low protein level in the diet and/or low DM intake. Blood metabolites were not significantly affected by the protein substitution except for blood urea nitrogen that was significantly (p<0.05) increased.

Effect of corn grain particle size on ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of Holstein steers fed total mixed ration

  • Kim, Do Hyung;Choi, Seong Ho;Park, Sung Kwon;Lee, Sung Sill;Choi, Chang Weon
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.80-85
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    • 2018
  • Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of corn grain particle size on ruminant fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) as a basal diet to explain fundamental data of corn grain for cattle in Korea. Methods: Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (body weight $592{\pm}29.9kg$) fed TMR as a basal diet were housed individually in an auto temperature and humidity modulated chamber ($24^{\circ}C$ and 60% for 22 h/d). Treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design were TMR only (control), TMR with whole corn grain (WC), coarsely ground corn grain (CC), and finely ground corn grain (FC), respectively. The corn feeds substituted for 20% energy intake of TMR intake. To measure the ruminal pH, ammonia N, and volatile fatty acids (VFA), ruminal digesta was sampled through ruminal cannula at 1 h intervals after the morning feeding to determine ruminal fermentation characteristics. Blood was sampled via the jugular vein after the ruminal digesta sampling. Results: There was no difference in dry matter (DM) intake between different corn particle size because the DM intake was restricted to 1.66% of body weight. Different corn particle size did not change mean ammonia N and total VFA concentrations whereas lower (p<0.05) ruminal pH and a ratio of acetate to propionate, and higher (p<0.05) propionate concentration were noted when the steers consumed CC compared with WC and FC. Concentration of blood metabolites were not affected by different particle size of corn grain except for blood triglyceride concentration, which was significantly (p<0.05) increased by FC. Conclusion: Results indicate that feeding CC may increase feed digestion in the rumen, whereas the FC group seemed to obtain inadequate corn retention time for microbial degradation in the rumen.

Changes in in vivo ruminal fermentation patterns and blood metabolites by different protein fraction-enriched feeds in Holstein steers

  • Choi, Chang Weon
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.392-399
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    • 2017
  • The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary proteins as fraction-enriched protein, defined by Cornell net carbohydrates and protein system (CNCPS), on in vivo ruminal fermentation pattern and blood metabolites in Holstein steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) containing 17.2% crude protein. Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design consumed TMR only (control) and TMR with rapeseed meal (AB1), soybean meal (B2), and perilla meal (B3C). Each protein was substituted for 23.0% of crude protein in TMR. Rumen digesta were taken through ruminal cannula at 1 h interval during the feeding cycle in order to analyze ruminal pH, ammonia-N, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Plasma metabolites in blood taken via the jugular vein after the rumen digesta sampling were analyzed. Feeding perilla meal significantly (p < 0.05) decreased mean ruminal pH compared with control and the other protein feeding groups. Compared with control, feeding protein significantly (p < 0.05) increased ruminal ammonia-N concentration except for AB1. Statistically (p > 0.05) similar total VFA appeared among control and the supplemented groups. However, control, AB1, and B2 showed higher (p < 0.05) acetate concentrations than B3C, and propionate was vice versa. CNCPS fractionated protein significantly (p < 0.05) affected concentrations of albumin and total protein in blood; i.e. plasma albumin was lower for control and B2 groups than AB1 and B3C groups. Despite lack of significances (p > 0.05) in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, AB1 and B2 groups were numerically higher than the others.

n-6/n-3 지방산 비율이 고지혈증 랫드의 지질대사 분할에 미치는 영향 (Effect of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on metabolic partitioning in hyperlipidemic rats)

  • 이승형;엄경환;박병성
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.643-653
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 고지혈증 모델동물 랫드에서 n-6/n-3가 서로 다른 식이를 급여하였을 때 혈액지질의 대사적 분할에 미치는 작용 메카니즘을 생체 모니터링 기법으로 구명하였다. 총 glycerolipids의 간에서 대사된 cholesteryl $^{14}C$-oleate 비율은 n-6/n-3 비율 4:1, 15:1, 30:1, 대조군 순서로 낮았다(p<0.05). 인지질 분비량은 대조군과 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 4:1, 15:1, 30:1 순서로 높았다(p<0.05). 중성지방 분비량은 대조군과 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 4:1, 15:1, 30:1 순서로 특히, 4:1 처리군에서 낮았다(p<0.05). 총 glycerolipid에 대한 인지질의 분할 비율은 n-6/n-3 비율 4:1, 15:1, 30:1, 대조군 순서로 높았다(p<0.05). 간으로부터 중성지방 분할 비율(%)은 대조군 82.25%와 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 4:1, 15:1, 30:1에서 각각 72.99, 75.93, 78.12%로써 n-6/n-3 비율이 증가할수록 높아졌다(p<0.05). 인지질 분할 비율(%)은 대조군 11.04%와 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 4:1, 15:1, 30:1에서 각 25.15, 18.87, 18.15%로써 n-6/n-3 비율이 증가할수록 낮아졌다(p<0.05).