Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of corn grain particle size on ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of Holstein steers fed total mixed ration

  • Kim, Do Hyung (Department of Animal Science, Gyeongbuk Provincial College) ;
  • Choi, Seong Ho (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Sung Kwon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University) ;
  • Lee, Sung Sill (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science) ;
  • Choi, Chang Weon (Department of Animal Resources, Daegu University)
  • Received : 2017.02.01
  • Accepted : 2017.08.03
  • Published : 2018.01.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of corn grain particle size on ruminant fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) as a basal diet to explain fundamental data of corn grain for cattle in Korea. Methods: Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (body weight $592{\pm}29.9kg$) fed TMR as a basal diet were housed individually in an auto temperature and humidity modulated chamber ($24^{\circ}C$ and 60% for 22 h/d). Treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design were TMR only (control), TMR with whole corn grain (WC), coarsely ground corn grain (CC), and finely ground corn grain (FC), respectively. The corn feeds substituted for 20% energy intake of TMR intake. To measure the ruminal pH, ammonia N, and volatile fatty acids (VFA), ruminal digesta was sampled through ruminal cannula at 1 h intervals after the morning feeding to determine ruminal fermentation characteristics. Blood was sampled via the jugular vein after the ruminal digesta sampling. Results: There was no difference in dry matter (DM) intake between different corn particle size because the DM intake was restricted to 1.66% of body weight. Different corn particle size did not change mean ammonia N and total VFA concentrations whereas lower (p<0.05) ruminal pH and a ratio of acetate to propionate, and higher (p<0.05) propionate concentration were noted when the steers consumed CC compared with WC and FC. Concentration of blood metabolites were not affected by different particle size of corn grain except for blood triglyceride concentration, which was significantly (p<0.05) increased by FC. Conclusion: Results indicate that feeding CC may increase feed digestion in the rumen, whereas the FC group seemed to obtain inadequate corn retention time for microbial degradation in the rumen.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee SY, Kim WY, Ko JY, Ha JK. Effects of corn processing on in vitro and in situ digestion of corn grain in Holstein steers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2002;15:851-8. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.851
  2. Owens FN, Secrist DS, Hill WJ, Gill DR. The effect of grain source and grain processing on performance of feedlot cattle: A review. J Anim Sci 1997;78:369-75.
  3. Wondra KJ, Hancock JD, Behnke KC, Hines RH, Stark CR. Effects of particle size and pelleting on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and stomach morphology in finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 1995; 73:757-63.
  4. Theurer CB. Grain processing effects on starch utilization by ruminants. J Anim Sci 1986;63:1649-62.
  5. Koenig KM, Beauchemin KA, Rode LM. Effect of grain processing and silage on microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle fed barley-based diets. J Anim Sci 2003;81:1057-67.
  6. Sharp WM, Johnson RR, Owens FN. Ruminal VFA production with steers fed whole or ground corn grain. J Anim Sci 1982;55:1505-14. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1982.5561505x
  7. Reinhardt CD, Brandt RT, Eck TP. Jr, Titgemeyer EC. Performance, digestion, and mastication efficiency of Holstein steers fed whole or processed corn in limit- or full-fed growing-finishing system. J Anim Sci 1998;76:1778-88. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.7671778x
  8. Zinn RA, Owens FN, Ware RA. Flaking corn: processing mechanics, quality standards, and impacts on energy availability and performance of feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2002;80:1145-56. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.8051145x
  9. Park DW, Hwangbo S, Han OK, Jo IH, Choi CW. A study on establishment of nutrient requirement for maintenance of Hanwoo cow under heat stress. J Agric Life Sci 2015;49:225-35. https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.5.225
  10. Cho YK, Choi SH, Han OK, Park JH, Choi CW. A study on changes in feed digestibility and establishment of energy requirement for maintenance of growing Hanwoo steers under severe heat stress. J Agric Life Sci 2016;50:163-72. https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2016.50.5.163
  11. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Arlington, VA, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 1990.
  12. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991;74:3583-97. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  13. Choi CW, Oh YK. Effects of feeding whole crop rice silage harvested at different stages on rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Hanwoo steers. J Korean Soc Grassl Forage Sci 2011;31:191-200. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2011.31.2.191
  14. Bilby TR, Baumgard LH, Collier RJ, Zimbelman RB, Rhoads ML. Heat stress effects on fertility: Consequences and possible solutions. 23rd Annual Southwest Nutritional and Management Conference; 2008 February; Tucson, AZ: USA.
  15. Tajima K, Nonaka I, Higuchi K, et al. Influence of high temperature and humidity on rumen bacterial diversity in Holstein heifers. Anaerobe 2007;13:57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.12.001
  16. Coppock CE. Feeding energy to dairy cattle. In: Coppock CE, editor, Large Dairy Management. Gainesville, FL, USA: University Presses of Florida; 1978. p. 265-8.
  17. McDowell RE, Hooven NW, Camoens JK. Effects of climate on performance of Holsteins in first lactation. J Dairy Sci 1976;59:965-73. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(76)84305-6
  18. Johnson HD. Depressed chemical thermogenesis and hormonal functions in heat. In: Environmental physiology: aging, heat, and altitude. New York, USA: Elsevier/North Holland; 1980. pp. 3-9.
  19. Galyean ML, Wagner DG, Owens FN. Corn particle size and extent of digestion by steers. J Anim Sci 1979;49:204-10. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1979.491204x
  20. Nordin M, Campling RC. Digestibility studies with cows given whole and rolled cereal grains. Anim Prod 1976;23:305-13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100031421
  21. Bowman JGP, Firkins JL. Effects of forage species and particle size on bacterial cellulolytic activity and colonization in situ. J Anim Sci 1993;71:1623-33. https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7161623x
  22. Erdman RA, Proctor GH, Vandersall JH. Effect of rumen ammonia concentration on in situ rate and extent of digestion of feedstuffs. J Dairy Sci 1986;69:2312-20. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80670-1
  23. Tamminga S. The effect of the supply of rumen degradable protein and metabolisable protein on negative energy balance and fertility in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2006;96:227-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.08.003
  24. Kim KH, Kim KS, Lee SC, et al. Effects of total mixed rations on ruminal characteristics, digestibility and beef production of Hanwoo steers. J Anim Sci Technol 2003;45:387-96. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2003.45.3.387
  25. Armentano LE, Bertics SJ, Riesterer J. Lack of response to degradable protein to a low protein diet fed to midlactation datiry cows. J Dairy Sci 1993;76:3755-62. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77718-8
  26. Choi CW. Effects of CNCPS fraction-enriched proteins on ruminal fermentation and plasma metabolites in Holstein steers fed TMR containing low protein. CNU J Agric Sci 2015;42:237-44.
  27. Campell MK, Farrell SO. Biochemistry, 4th ed. Belmont, CA, USA: Thomson Brooks/Cole; 2003.
  28. Smith SB. Evidence that phosphofructokinase limits glucose utilization in bovine adipose tissue. J Anim Sci 1984;58:1198-204. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1984.5851198x
  29. Vernon RG. Control of lipogenesis and lipolysis. In: Boorman KN, Buttery PJ, Lindsay DB, Editors. The control of fat and lean deposition. Butterworth, Heinemann, Germany: Oxford; 1992. pp. 59-81.
  30. Choi CW, Kim KH, Chang SS, Choi NJ. Soluble non-ammonia nitrogen in ruminal and omasal digesta of Korean native steers supplemented with soluble proteins. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012;25:1269-75. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12318

Cited by

  1. Effects of cattle breed and corn processing on ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations, and apparent digestibility vol.269, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114659