• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate job stress, coping type, and job satisfaction in firefighters. Methods: It was a descriptive study, and 114 subjects were recruited during July to August, 2014. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA (Sheffe's test), and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: The job stress level of subjects was 47.45, coping type was 2.38 and the level of subjects' job satisfaction was 2.97. The job satisfaction was very closely negatively correlated with the job stress (r=-.66, p<.001). Conclusion: These results may contribute to better understanding of stress degree, coping type, and job satisfaction in firefighters. Further follow-up study on firefighters is necessary to relieve their job stress and increase active coping type.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.21-35
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of firefighters' job stress and emotional labor on their turnover intention, and analyze the main factors impacting turnover intention in this context. Methods: Based on a descriptive survey study design, we administered a structured questionnaire among 231 firefighters at one fire station in G metropolitan city from November 13 to 27, 2020. Results: Regarding job stress, participants showed differences based on marital status (p<.05), health status (p<.001), total service period (p<.05), and assignment (p<.05). For emotional labor, a significantly higher rate was observed for female than male firefighters (p<.05), with differences also observed in age (p<.001), health status (p<.001), total service period (p<.05), rank (p<.001), and assignment (p<.05). Further, for turnover intention, significant differences were noted with respect to age (p<.001), education (p<.01), health status (p<.001), total service period (p<.01), work unit (p<.05), rank (p<.001), and assignment (p<.05). A significant correlation was found between job stress and emotional labor and turnover intention. Regarding the factors affecting turnover intention, significant differences were noted based on education, rank, job stress, and emotional labor; the explanatory power was 53.9% (F=13.806, p<.001). Conclusion: Tailored support programs must be developed to ease firefighters' job stress and reduce their emotional labor to facilitate effective manpower management and reduce firefighters' turnover intention.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

Objective : The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among job stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in firefighters, particularly the mediating effects of depression. Methods : The subjects were 2,136 firefighters in Gangwon-do, who completed the short form of Korean occupational stress scale (KOSS-SF), Korean version of the Beck depression inventory (K-BDI), and the revised scale for suicide ideation (SSI) online in mental health promotion service of firefighters. The data was analyzed with correlation analysis among the variables, and the multiple regression analysis method of Bar-on and Kenny (1986) was used. Results : Job stress showed positive correlations with depression (r=0.493, p <0.01) and suicidal ideation (r=0.296, p<0.01). Depression showed a positive correlation with suicidal ideation (r=0.561, p<0.01). The result of analyzing the mediating effect of depression showed that depression was a full mediator variable between job stress and suicidal ideation. Conclusion : Based on the results, it is very likely that job stress may affect suicidal ideation via depression. These results suggested that the preventive interventions emphasized on depression may be helpful for reduction of suicide in firefighters.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2023

Purpose: This study attempted to identify job stress, resilience, and job satisfaction among firefighters and to identify factors that influence job satisfaction. Methods: The study was conducted among 150 active firefighters who agreed to participate after reading an explanation of the purpose and importance of the study. They were sent a link to the self-report questionnaire URL via text message. Results: The mean scores for the variables were 2.26 for job stress, 3.55 for resilience, 3.30 for empathy, and 3.23 for job satisfaction. There was a significant difference in job satisfaction based on age. Job satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with empathy (r=248, p=.002) and resilience (r=463, p<.001) and significantly negatively correlated with job stress (r= -.740, p<.001). In other words, higher resilience and empathy were associated with higher job satisfaction, while higher job stress was associated with lower job satisfaction. And job stress was the influencing factor of job satisfaction, with an explanatory power of 55%. Conclusion: To improve firefighters' job satisfaction, management programs should be developed to enhance resilience and empathy and specific measures should be taken to reduce job stress.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze job stress, ego-resilience, and results of the impact of event scale in order to verify the actual job stress of firefighters and provide baseline data for developing resolution programs. Methods: Data were collected via e-mail from 270 firefighters working at 119 safety centers and firehouses in the regions of Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Busan, and Gyeongsang-do between the $1^{st}$ and $30^{th}$ of July, 2017. Results: Regarding gender differences in job stress, women ($2.16{\pm}0.65$) showed statistically significant job stress compared to men ($1.93{\pm}0.57$). As for the results of the incident impact of event scale statistically significant differences were observed (p=.001), and ego-resilience in men ($4.15{\pm}0.54$) was significantly higher than that in women ($3.79{\pm}0.75$) (p=.006). Depending on the work period, there were statistically significant differences (p=.000) in job stress, ego-resilience (p=.002), and impact of event scale (p=.000). Conclusion: Since job stress, ego-resilience, and results of the impact of event scale were closely related to dispatch frequency and work period of the firefighters, detailed and continuous stress management programs that consider these factors need to be developed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2009

Purpose: Firefighters were subjected to be exposed to 24-hour shiftwork and high level of job stress, but there is little study of fire fighters about between Job Stress and Psychological stress in Korea. This study was performed to evaluate job stress of fire fighters grouped by different job types and analyze the health effect of job stress by using a PWI-SF(Psycho-social Well-being Index, Short Form). Methods : This study was to measure the degree of job stress and socio-psychological stress of firefighters working at 119 safety center and analyze the relationship between job stress and mental health, through self-administered questionnaire survey on 918 fire fighters working at fire department located in Korea, during October in 2008. Question items of the questionnaire consist of general characteristics, job stress, and socio-psychological stress. Job Stress Measurement Scale for Koreans was used to measure job stress, while PWI-SF used for socio-psychological stress. Collected data was analyzed through frequency analysis, ${\chi}^2$ test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, multi-regression analysis using a statistic program, SPSS/10.0 Ver for Windows, and statistical significance level was 0.05. Result : Accordingly, this paper is written for the purpose of scrutinizing the reason of 119 rescuers' job stress and Socio-Psychological stress. This thesis tries to analyze a problem and provide contents through many variables concerned and theoretical investigation with the actual research of questionnaire. The results of the study are summarized as follows : Fire fighters feel relatively high stressful in their performance. Job stress, organizational commitment and burnout did not have been influence upon by individual cases such as economic condition, regular exercise etc. Finally, as a result of step by step regression analysis, the variable that can explain Socio-Psychological stress the best was negative emotion scale(NE). Conclusions : It is necessary to conduct repeated studies in the future, since the study implied that there was a contrary relationship between job stress and socio-psychological stress. In order to reduce job stress and maintain better mental health, it is more important than anything else to help firefighters have willingness and efforts to sustain a healthy life, so the development of various programs and education to raise their awareness should be implemented.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 2022

Korea has the highest suicide rate in the world, and firefighters have the highest suicide rate among the professional population. As a result of the study, post-traumatic stress disorder education is essential in all occupations. Post-traumatic stress disorder is the most common disease and the biggest obstacle for firefighters in Korea. Firefighters who have suffered physical and mental damage in many types of disaster sites due to their extreme occupations are rapidly increasing the suicide rate in recent years. In order to maximize the effect of job training, education on post-traumatic stress disorder from new employees to leadership training is urgently needed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.379-389
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to identify the relationships among job stress, emotional labor, resilience, mental health and to determine the influences on mental health in firefighters. The participants were 391 firefighters in Chung-Nam and some variables related to job stress, emotional labor, resilience, mental health were measured using reliable instruments. There showed significant positive relationships of mental health with job stress, emotional labor and negative relationships with resilience. Among predictors, job stress(job insecurity, lack of reward, occupational climate), emotional labor, resilience had statistically significant influence on mental health. Mental health programs to decrease job stress and emotional labor, and to enhance resilience are essential to improve the mental health of firefighters.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.28-34
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• 2012

Effective for the operation of fire department management of occupational stress than what organizational members perceive and to identify factors that would cause job stress. Dysfunction caused by job stress or minimize that by eliminating the stress factor that can enhance organizational effectiveness research is needed. The results of the study the impact on job stress of firefighters of the psychological environment of the most influential factor is the variable. Next, organizational culture, physical environment, orderly, and administration and human relations were not significant statistically.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2012

Objectives: This paper aims to investigate the influence on stress hormones of job stress resulting from firefighting duties, as well as the degree of such influence. Methods: KOSS-26 and stress hormones such as norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol were analyzed for 191 male firefighters from the western area of Incheon, the Incheon Industrial Complex, and Bucheon, Korea. Job stress and stress hormones were compared between a office working group and field-working group. Results: There was no significant difference in EPI and ACTH between the two groups. Change of stress hormones prior to engaging in typical duties, following typical duties, and immediately after field activities was examined. All the EPI, ACTH, and cortisol showed statistically significant changes with time, but not NE in the blood. In the field-working group, the cortisol levels in the blood of the firefighting and rescue groups showed notable differences depending on the time at which the measurements were taken. Conclusion: The differences in stress hormone levels depending on the type of duties of the firefighters were identified. Thus, interventions proper to job requirements is required in order to ease stress.