• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.417-433
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• 2010

Purpose: This study evaluated the manpower planning of dental technicians. Methods: Methods : Survey was conducted regarding subject's general characteristics, characteristics of dental technician's occupational view and working conditions, and reason to enter into branches of the public health enter. The survey sample consisted of 323 dental technicians (221 male/ 102 female). Survey was conducted for one month from August 1 to September 1 in 2010. Following results were obtained. Results: 1. Regarding general characteristics of the subjects, there was a slight male predilection with 68.4%. Subjects in their 40s occupied the highest proportion of 32.2%. Majority of subjects worked in the big cities (71.5%). Favored working places were dental laboratory (57.6%) and dental hospital or dental clinic (19.5%). Although no position is available in the public sector such as public health center or health care civil servant, 9.3% preferred working in the public health center. Public sector is more favored than 2-year technical colleges or dental supply and equipment companies. In respect to education, 57% of the subjects graduated college. 67.8% were married. Subjects who specialize in the porcelain or all-ceramic were 57.9%. With regard to current position, head of the dental laboratory was most common. 2. Following occupation characteristics were found. Economic reason took the highest proportion when deciding their occupation (39.9%) followed by gaining social experience (36.5%). Majority of the subjects (76.5%) wanted to work as dental technicians until their retirement. 71.5% pursuit to become a manager of the dental laboratory. 76.1% agreed on opening a dental technician position in the public health center. Regarding an authority to lead developing the dental technician position in the public sector, majority of the subject chose ministry of health and welfare (35.6%) and Korean dental technologist association (34.7%). Employment (average, 30%) and turnover rate (average, 36.5%) of dental technology college graduates ranged from 40% to 60%. Most important factors for the employment were practical experience (41.2%) and competency (34.4%). With regard to job satisfaction, so-so as 46.7% and satisfactory was 42.7% 3. In respect to the reason for opening a position in the public health center, 'It is needed to continue denture rogram for elderly patients' obtained the highest score (4.14 point). 'Institutional devices are required to open a position for dental technicians as a public healthcare provider' received high score (4.11 point). 4. Concerning the working conditions, 'professional knowledge is required' received the highest score (4.23) followed by 'too short maternity and parental leave' (4.21). 5. Relationship between general characteristics of the subjects and favor of working in the public health center was investigated. Significant differences were found according to the current and favored working area, favored occupation, education level, marital status, and specialty. Working in the public health center was favored by following subjects: working in mid- or small-sized cities (4.16 point, p<0.05); PhD degree-holder (4.59 point, p<0.01). 6. Among general characteristics of the subjects, significant difference of working conditions was found in the following factors: gender; working areas; favored working areas; favored working positions, and education level. Majority of subjects favored working in big cities and currently work in big cities although satisfaction was comparatively low (3.75 score). 7. Future plan to work in public health center was evaluated according to occupational characteristics. Subject's intention to work in the public healthcare center was significantly affected by opening of dental technician position, leading authority, average turnover rate, and factors affecting employment. Working in the public health care center was favored by the following subjects: Dental technicians who actively supported opening of the dental technician position (4.34 point, p<0.001); subjects who thought the Korean dental technologist association is responsible for the opening of positions in the public sector (4.26 point, p<0.001); and subjects who thought that attitude and character are important for the employment (p<0.001). 8. Concerning difference of working conditions according to the occupational characteristics, significant difference was demonstrated by factors such as a reason to choose to be a dental technician, work plan, pursuing position, responsible authority, average employment rate, and job satisfaction. High standard of working conditions was required in subjects who selected to be a dental technician for the leisure time after work (s.05 point, p<0.01), who planted to work until their marriage (4.25 point, p<0.001), and who pursuit to be a manager (3.98, p<0.05). 9. In respect to influence of general characteristics on the advancement to public health centers, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.068 and age affected the working condition with significant difference according to the pvalue. 10. Regarding influence of general characteristics on the advancement to public health centers, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.335 and work plan, opening of dental technician position in the public sector, and responsible authority had significant influence over the subject's intention to work in the public health center according to the p-value. 11. With regard to the influence of general characteristics on the advancement to public health centers, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.091 and reason to choose to be a dental technician, work plan, and responsible authority significantly affected subject's working conditions. Conclusion: Korean society is becoming a super-aged society according to several statistics. As aged population is rapidly increasing, national health insurance plans to cover denture for senior citizen over 75 years old from 2012. Therefore, dental technicians are urgently needed in the public health centers all over the nation. Many subjects in this study planed to work until their retirement and recognized dental technician's expertise. Ministry of health and welfare and Korean dental technologist association should co-operate each other to prepare foundation and institutional devices for dental technicians to advance into the public health center. This will improve oral health of the population. This study showed urgency of medical facilities and services which meets increasing number of aged population and welfare of the population.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 1981

건전(健全)한 산림경영(山林経営)의 추진(推進)과 임업(林業)의 고용효과(雇傭効果)를 증대(増大)시키기 위하여 일선(一線)의 임업기술자(林業技術者)(산림경영학자수준(山林経営学者水準))에 대한 새로운 기술훈련(技術訓練)과 임업노동자(林業労動者)에 대한 직업훈련(職業訓練)이 가능한(可能限) 조속(早速)히 착수(着手)되어야 할 것이다. 이에 고려(考慮)되어야할 사항(事項)들을 간추려 보았다. 1. 일정(一定)한 산림면적(山林面積)을 직접(直接) 경영(経営) 담당(擔当)하고 있는 임업기술자(林業技術者)들이 건전(健全)한 산림경영(山林経営)을 추진(推進)해 가는데 필요(必要)한 기술(技術)이 갖추어야 할 것이고 이를 위해 생태학적(生態學的)이고 경제적(経剤的)인 개념을 바탕으로한 신기술훈련(新技術訓練)이 보급되어야 된다. 2. 임업(林業)의 고용효과(雇傭効果)와 노동능률(労動能率)을 높이기 위해 임업노동자(林業労動者) 수준(水準)에 대한 직업훈련(職業訓練)과 이들에 대한 체계적(体系的)인 기술훈련기법(技術訓練技法)이 도입(導入)되어야 할것이며, 사업노동자(事業労動者)에 대해서는 집약훈련(集約訓練)을, 겸업(兼業) 및 산주작업(山主作業)을 위해서는 작업장(作業場)을 순회하면서 훈련(訓練)을 시키고 일고용자(日雇用者)나 부락민(部落民) 작업시(作業時)는 숙련(熟練)된 임업노동자(林業労動者)가 훈련(訓練)을 시키는 제도(制度)가 발전되어야 할 것이다. 3. 기술훈련(技術訓練)을 시키는 시초단계(始初段階)에서는 이들의 현실태(現実態)를 조사분석후(調査分析後) 이에 맞는 충실한 훈련내용(訓練內容)이 되도록 관계 교관(敎官)과 전문가(專門家)의 협조(協助)된 노력(努力)이 요구되면 이들의 훈련(訓練)은 현실경영림(現実経営林)에서 이루어져야 할것이고 경영림(経営林)의 장(長)의 책임하에 이루어질 수 있는 제도(制度)의 발전(発展)이 요구(要求)되고 있다. 4. 시초단계(始初段階)의 교관(敎官)들은 실습림(実習林)의 관계관(関係官)들도 포함시켜 외부(外部) 또는 내부(內部)에 있는 전문가(專門家)들의 도움으로 비교적(比較的) 장기간(長期間) 집약적(集約的) 훈련(訓練)을 시켜야 될 것이다. 5. 훈련대상자별(訓練対象者別)로 갖추어야할 지식(知識)과 기술분야(技術分野)를 제시(提示)하였다. 이 내용(內容)은 이들이 갖추어야 할 기술분야(技術分野)를 뜻한 것이다. 6. 훈련(訓練)과 실제 산림경영(山林経営)에 필요(必要)한 임업기술(林業技術)을 우리의 현실(現実)과 경영목적(経営目的)에 맞도록, 체계화(体系化) 내지 근대화(近代化) 시키기 위해서는 각계각층(各界各層)에 흩어져 있는 학자(学者) 기술자(技術者)들의 총화된 협력(協力)이 필요(必要)로 하고 있다. 이들의 지식(知識)과 기술(技術) 및 경험(経験)을 취합하여 우리의 기술(技術)로 체계화(体系化)시키고 발전(発展)시키는 제도적(制度的) 대책(対策)이 또한 요구(要求)되고 있다. 이들이 총화된 노력(努力)을 발휘할 수 있는 터전인 어떠한 조직(組織)을 관계기관(関係機関)에서 육성지원(育成支援)해 주는 것이 바람직 하다. 7. 전문노동자(專門労動者)에 대해서는 작업기술(作業技術)과 작업계획(作業計㓰)의 발전(発展)을 통해 통년작업량(通年作業量)이 배정(配定)되어야 하며 아직 벌출작업량(伐出作業量)이 적고 악천후(惡天候)가 상재(常在)하고 있는 상황하(状況下)에서 실내작업조직(室內作業組織)과 부업지원대책(副業支援対策)이 그들의 건전(健全)한 생활(生活)을 위해 고려하지 않을 수 없다. 8. 임업(林業)의 노무관리제도(勞務管理制度)가 관계기관(関係機関)에 도입(導入)되어 노동문제(労動問題)를 효과적(効果的)으로 발전(発展)시키고 금후(今後) 임업고용효과(林業雇傭効果)를 증대(増大)시키는데 기여 되어야 할 것이다. 9. 임업용(林業用) 기기(機器) 및 장비(裝備)의 개량(改良)과 공급대책(供給対策)이 세워져 훈련(訓練)된 자(者)들이 현지(現地)에서 이용(利用)할 수 있도록 되어야 한다. 그렇지 않으며 훈련(訓練)의 성과(成果)는 다시 원점으로 돌아가게 되어 그 성과(成果)를 얻지 못하게 될것이다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2006

본 연구는 중학교 가정교과를 이수한 고등학생 학부모들을 대상으로 가정교과에 대한 인식 및 요구도를 조사하여 가정교과의 바람직한 운영 방안 모색의 기초자료를 제공하는 데에 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 가정교과의 교육목표는 건전한 생활 이념과 올바른 인간 형성에 관한 것으로 남녀 학생이 같이 배운다. 23.9%와 여자, 남자가 배워야할 교양과 지식을 배운다. 27.8%가 높게 나타났고, 가정 생활 향상을 위한 과학적 지식과 원리를 배운다라는 목표에 대해서 15.7%로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 2. 가정교과의 성격에 대한 인식도는 실생활과 관련성 인식도 3.84, 내용의 현실성 3.44로 나타났고, 편제에 대해서는 가정영역 시수의 적절성 2.31, 교육내용의 적합성 수준 3.38이었으며, 지도내용에 대해서는 활동을 통한 실천성 3.42, 생활에 대한 적용성 3.65, 흥미와 관심도 3.25, 적성 및 능력 개발 3.19 등이었다. 특히 시수의 적절성 인식이 가장 낮게 나타나 시수의 증가를 바라는 것으로 해석된다. 3. 가정교과의 내용에서 강화하여야 할 단원은 [가족] 4.38이 가장 높게 나타났고 [생활자원 환경관리 소비생활] 4.17, [식생활] 4.06, [주거생활] 3.79, [의생활] 3.64 순이었다. 실습의 문제점으로는 시간 부족 3.90, 시설 설비부족 3.89, 비용의 부담 3.48, 학생들의 흥미도와 실습능력의 부족 3.15로 나타났고, 교사의 지도 능력 부족도 2.83 으로 중간보다 높았다. 그리고, 가정교과 내용이 개정되어야 할 영역은 [가족] 4.18, [생활자원 환경관리 소비생활] 4.02, [식생활] 3.90, [주거생활] 3.78, [의생활] 3.66 순이었다. 4. 1학년 가정교과 내용의 요구도 평균은 3.70-4.11 범위이며 전체 평균 4.01로 매우 높게 나타났다. 학부모 전체의 중단원 요구도는 [우리들의 성장발달]이 4.11로 가장 높았고, [건강한 가족] 4.10, [성과 이성교제] 4.09, [청소년의 영양]과 [청소년의 식사] 4.04 순으로 매우 필요하다고 나타났으며 [조리의 기초와 실제]는 3.70으로 가장 낮았다. 이 중 여학생의 학부모는 [성과 이성교제]가 4.05로 가장 높게 나타났고, 남학생 학부모는 [건강한 가족] 4.24로 가장 높은 특성을 보였다. 5. 2학년 가정교과 내용의 요구도 평균은 3.12-4.09 범위이며 전체 평균 3.56으로 높게 나타났다. 학부모 전체의 중단원 요구도는 [청소년과 소비 생활]이 4.09로 가장 높았으며 [청소년의 일과 시간] 3.84, [자원과 환경] 3.68 순이었으며 [옷 만들기와 재활용]은 3.12로 가장 낮았다. 이 중 여학생 학부모는 [청소년과 소비 생활]이 3.96으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 남학생 학부모는 [청소년과 소비 생활]이 4.22로 가장 높은 특성을 나타냈다. 6. 3학년 가정교과 내용의 요구도 평균은 3.65-4.16의 범위이며 평균 3.76으로 약간 높게 나타났다. 학부모 전체의 중단원 요구도는 [진로의 선택과 직업 윤리] 4.16으로 가장 높게 나타났으며 [실내 환경과 설비] 3.89, [생활 공간의 활용] 3.72, [상차림과 식사 예절] 3.71 순으로 나타났으며, [식사 준비와 평가]는 3.53으로 가장 낮았다. 이 중 여학생 학부모는 [진로의 선택과 직업윤리]가 4.06으로 가장 높았고, 남학생 학부모는 [진로의 선택과 직업 윤리] 4.26으로 가장 높은 특성을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과로 가정교과의 시수를 증가시켜야 하고 실험 시설의 확충이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 교사의 연수를 확대 실시하여 교육의 질을 높이고, 교과의 전문성을 가진 기술 및 가정교사가 Team Teaching을 하는 수업 방법의 도입 및 정착이 요구되며 교과내용에서는 [가족]과, [소비 생활], [진로교육]의 내용이 강조되는 방향으로 개정되어야 할 것이다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.3-18
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• 1988

The general objective of this research is to study behavioral pattern of health care utilization and to measure the level of utilization of the traditional medicine. The specific objective is to study utilization pattern and content of folk medicine which is the indegenous medical technology recognized part of traditional medicine. This research was under taken to generate valid information that will provide basis data for formulating general direction for health education activities and for designing service package for general population. A social survey method was employed to obtain required information for the research activities, The survey field team consisted of 20 surveyors who all participated is an intensive 2 day training course. A total of 3091 households were visited and interviewed by the field team during the period 7 September to 6 October 1987. The major findings obtained from the information collected by the field survey are as follows ; 1) General characteristics of the study households 2562 households out of 3091 households visited were selected for final data process, 80.2 of the selected households were nuclear families ; 17.4%, extended families ; others 2.4%. Only 4.3 percent of the study population in the urban households indicated "no schooling" whereas 14.2% of the rural household members falls within this category. Study population in the urban areas are more protected against diseases by the national medical insurance system than those in rural areas. In their self appraisal of living standard, those who responded with low group are 39.6% and 50.3% respectively by urban and rural households. 2) Morbidity status Period prevalence rate for all diseases during the preceding 15 days before the date of the household interview v as 243,0 per 1,000 study population. For cases with the illness duration of within 15 days, the initial points of medical entry were diversied ; 56.9%, drug stores ; 30.9%, clinics and hospitals ; 4.6% folk medicine ; 1.7% clinics of Korean oriental medicine. Among the chronic case; with illness duration of over 90 days, 34.6% of these people utilized clinics and hospitals of modern medicine ; 31.6%, drug stores ; 18.6% clinics of Korean oriental medicine ; 6.8% folk medical techniques. Noticeable is the almost ten fold increase from the mere 0.9% in the utilization of Korean oriental medicine, whereas in the utilization of folk medicine, it is short of two-fold increase. 3) Folk medicine and its utilization Households that use folk medicine for relief and care of signs and symptoms commonly encountered in daily life, number 1969 households, which accounts for 76.9% of all the study households. This rather high level use of folk medicine is not different from rural to urban areas. The order of frequency of utilizing folk medicine among the study people are : the highest 14.3% for the relief of indigestion ; 8.6% for burns ; 5.1% for common cold ; 4.7% for hiccough ; and 4.2% for hordeolum. A present various procedures of folk medicine is being used to relieve all kinds of symptoms. 192 symptoms are identified at present. The most frequently used procedures of folk medicine appear to be based either on principles of the Korean oriental medicine or of scientific knowledge. Based on these survey findings, proposals for utilizing folk medicine are as follows First, this survey's findings will be feed back to both on the job training and on the spot guidance of community health practitioners, public health nurses and other peripheral work force in the health field, who are in daily contacts with community. This feed back will assure that the health personnel carry out their health education and information activities that are based on the utilization pattern of folk medicine as found in the survey result. Second, studies will be soon implemented that are designed to measure the efficiency and potency of these procedures and to improve these procedures of folk medicine were most frequently used by the community. Third, studies will continue to systematize medicinal plants and skills of Korean oriental medicine that are easily available at minimal cost in daily life for the prevention of diseases and management of emergency cases.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.108-130
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of school health nursing activities by surveying realities of school health nursing activities in schools lacking in a school nurse performed by teachers holding additional school health. The subjects for the study was selected from teachers holding additional school health who participated in the annual training course for teachers holding additional school health in 1988 organized by Province Education Council. 105 teachers holding additonal school health from Kyung-gi Province, 85 from Chung-buk province, 50 from Chun-buk Province, answered the questionaire. The results can be epitomized as follows. 1. General characteristics of Teachers Holding Additional School Health. The majority of the subjects are female (94.3%) and 64.1% of the subjects are in their twenties, 79.5% of them graduated from four-year teacher's college, 54.5% of them are unmarried, 74.5% has less than one-year experience as a teacher holding additional school health. 2. General characteristics of schools 92.4% of schools are national, of public schools, and 91.9% are located in country, elementary schools are 64%, junior high schools are 35.4%. The annual school nursing budget is unknow to 89.2% of them. The school nursing organization is non- existent to 85.6%. 82.4% of the school nursing clinics occupy their place solely, or jointly. 3. Status of School Health Nursing Activities In the questionaire, School Health Nursing Activities arc divided into Health Program planning and Evaluation (4 items), Clinic Management (4 items), Health Education (4 items), Management of School Environment 98 items), Operating of School Health Organization (1 item) and Health Care Service (25 items). The answers to each item measured by the Likert-type scale reveals that in the activities of techcrs holding additional school health the practice rate in Management of School Environment is 55%, 47% in Health Education, 45% in Health Program Planning and Evaluation, 32% in Health Care Service, 27% in Operating of School Health Organization, and 27% in Clinic Management. 4. The Relation between Influencing variables and School Health Nursing Activities. The results are as follows. (1) Health Program Planning and Evaluation: religion, marital status ($P<0.05^{**}$) (2) Clinic Management: age, school health organization ($P<0.05^{**}$) (3) Health Education: age ($P<0.01^*$), religion ($P<0.05^{**}$), business except for school nursing ($P<0.05^{**}$), form of operation ($P<0.05^{**}$), the number of clinic client a month ($P<0.05^{**}$). (4) Management of School Health Environment: age, marital status, business except for school nursing ($P<0.05^{**}$), presence of the annual school health nursing budget ($P<0.01^*$), school health organization ($P<0.05^{**}$). (5) Operating of School Health Organization: There is a statistical significance in Education, Interest in School Nursing ($P<0.05^{**}$). 5. The Regional Relationship of School Health Nursing Activity. There is a statistically significal difference in Health Education ($P<0.05^{**}$) and Health Care Service ($P<0.01^*$) of elementary school located in Kyung-gi, Chung-buk, Chun-buk Province. There is a statistically significant difference Health Program Planning and Evaluation of junior high Schools located in Kyung-gi, Chung-buk, Province ($P<0.05^{**}$). 6. The Correlation in School Health Nursing Activities. The analysis of the correlation in the 6 fields of school Health Nursng Activities shows that there is a statistically significant difference between Clinic Management and health Education, Clinic Management and Operating of School Health Organization, and between management of School Environment and operating of School Health Organization ($P<0.05^{**}$). The conclusions are as follows The 40.5 percent of schools should arrange nurse teachers by regulation 38, relative to the application of the Law of Education. But, in reality, teachers who have nothing to do with nursing, hold school health as an additional job. And it is very difficult to expect the qualititive health management of school faculty and students. In the 85.6 percent of schools, there is no organization for school health. And also, persons in charge of pracitcal affairs perform the school health activity without any knowledge about annual school health nursing budget. In the school health nursing activity of teacheres holding additional school health, operating of school, health organization and clinic management are the most difficult to get the cooperation from the persons relate to school and communities. There are a lot of problems in performing the school health nursing activity without any disposition of school health teachers, therefore, it is necessary to supplement school health teachers who had a professional training in order to make efficient the school health nursing management for children who are about to attend a school.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2012

과학영재의 진로 선택 과정에 영향을 미치는 교육적 요인들을 고찰하고 정확하게 이해하는 것은 성공적인 과학영재교육을 실행함에 있어 중요한 지표라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 과학영재의 이공계 대학 진로선택에 영향을 미치는 교육적 요인과 이들 요인에 대한 집단별 인식 차이를 밝히고, 진로선택에 영향을 미친 결정적 사건을 조사하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 이공계 특성화 대학인 울산과학기술대학교(UNIST) 1학년생 중 영재교육 경험이 있는 104명을 연구대상으로 하여 진로 선택에 영향을 미친 교육적 요인을 조사하였다. 진로선택 관련 교육적 요인의 추출 및 집단 간 비교를 위해 설문도구를 개발하였으며, 교수 학습 요인, 인적 요인, 과학에 대한 태도 요인의 3가지 차원과 그에 따른 하위 요인으로 분류하였다. 본 연구의 결과 첫째, 추출된 교육적 요인들은 서로 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었고 교수 학습 요인 중 '토론 프로젝트 중심수업'의 경우 '교수(교사)의 영향', '탐구학습 중심 수업' 요인과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 3가지 차원의 교육적 요인에 대하여 성별, 출신 고등학교별 집단 간 차이를 조사한 결과, 여학생이 남학생보다 과학고등학교 출신이 일반계 고등학교 출신 학생보다 교수 학습 요인 및 인적 요인에 의해 더 긍정적인 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 과학영재들의 진로 선택에 있어서 과학자의 사회적 역할, 특히 사회 경제적으로 과학 분야의 직업과 그에 따른 사회적 인식과 관련한 요인의 영향을 다소 낮게 평가하는 경향을 보였다. 마지막으로, 영재학생들이 기술한 진로선택에 영향을 미친 결정적 사건이나 기억에 남는 일을 범주화한 결과 가장 많은 학생들이 현장학습이나 체험연수, 캠프, 특별 활동, 탐방 등의 학교 밖 과학 관련 활동을 언급하였다. 그 외에도 다수의 학생들이 사사교육 및 R&E 프로그램을 결정적 사건으로 진술하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 과학영재 교육에 있어서 교수 학습 요인, 인적 요인, 과학에 대한 태도 요인들과 관련하여 차별화 되고 전문화된 교수 학습방법과 전문적인 진로상담시스템에 대한 시사점을 제공해준다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.75-94
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• 1996

This survey study was aimed at identifying the degree of educational need of the KNOU(Korea National Open University) nursing students defined as admission purposes, satisfaction of distance learning education, learning methods, and courses after graduation. Among randomly assigned 1000 students, 320 KNOU nursing students who allowed to participate in the study completed the questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and t-test, Results of this study were as follows : 1. The admission purposes of the KNOU nursing students were 'in order to get a bachelor's degree(83.8%)', 'to acquire knowledge for task(61.3%)', or 'to be admitted for the graduate school (53.1%)' etc. Comparing the admission purposes by age, tow items- 'to explore new possibilities for myself' and 'excellent curriculum' showed statistically significant differences. These two items were also found to show significant differences by marital status. 2. For the media maintenance, the results showed that students use their own cassett radios(96.3%), VTR(49.4%), TV only for the study (44.1%), personal computer (3.31%), or joining Hitel (6.3%). 3. Listening rates of the radio lecture were 'over 80%(9.1%)', '50-80%(9.1%)', '20-50%(18.1%)', 'below 20%(30%)' and 'never(33.1%)', And record lecture showed listening rates as follows : 'over80%(17.2%)', '50-80%(15.9%)', '20-50%(24.4%)', 'below 20%(27,2%)' and 'never(14.4%)'. 4. The difficulties with KNOU life were 'listening radio lectures(38.8%)', studying by following teaching schedules (37.8%)', 'isolated self-study(10.3%)', and 'appearance in the attending classes(8.1%)'. 5. As for satisfaction with teaching methods, the data showed that 81.2% of the respondents were satisfied (or very satisfied) with 'attending classes' and 75%, with 'paper lectures'. On the other hand some of respondents were very dissatisfied with 'recorded lecture(12.8%)' and 'radio lecture(10.9%)' 6. The results also showed that the students want to have 'video conferencing lecture(77.2%)', 'cable TV(64.1%)' and 'CD ROM program' to improve learning effects. 7. Concerning learning attitudes, 48.8% of the students reported 'study mainly for examnination', and only 4.1% answered 'study every day with plan'. The learning attitude showed significant differences by marital status and age. The students also evaluated themelves as 'study very hard(5.9%)', 'study hard in general(41.6%)', 'study a little(40.3%)' and 'study little(11.9%)'. 8. The students responded the most effective learning material was the 'textbook (92.2%)'. 9. For the purposes of using the local center, the results showed 'for the attending classes(76.3%)', 'for the use of references(14.7%)', and 'for the study group(66.7%)'. 10. The results revealed that 20.3% of the respondents had ever experienced unregistration or temporary withdrawal, and 53.4% among them did not register more than one time. The most common reason for the unregistration was 'due to family affairs or their job (70.8%)'. 11. 88.1% of the respondents answered 'they will graduate without fail'. 12. Regarding the benefits from the KNOU graduation, respondents indicated 'graduate school admission(38.1%)', 'self-confidence in social life(17.5%)', and understanding social problems (10.9%)'. 13. 64.4% of the students showed that they have intention to enter the graduate school. The item 'changing work place' showed statistically significant differences by marital status and age.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.78-94
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to research the actual conditions of industrial accident patients and to produce worker satisfaction and a rational and effective counter measure pain. Direct interviews with 179 cases (in and out patients) were carried out during a three month period from April to July 1990, at six hospitals two general hospitals Sun Lin and Sung Mo in Po Hang, and four general hospitals in Taegu Kyung Pook University Hospital, Dong San Medical Center, Young Nam Medical Center and Catholic Hospital. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among the 179 cases, 51.6 % were male and 48.4 % were female. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 31.8 % and 20~29, 27.4 %. Among the 179 cases, 51.6% were married, the largest family number was 2 to 3, 41.1% and 4 to 5, 25.6%. Educationally, graduation from high school was the largest group, 46.4% among the patients, followed by middle school and primary school. The largest group income level was from 40~69만원, 45.2%. The largest group of patients who worked over 50 hrs. a week was 52.0%. The largest group of patients who worked less than 1 year was 44.7%, of the patients in work places of less than 100 people, 60.3% were injured and in work places of 100~299 people, 20.1% were injured. In manufacturing, the lagest group injured was 55.3%, the next group was transport, stroage, communication. The largest group of production workers injured was 40.2%. 2. The cause of injury in the largest group was facility problems, 33.5%. The next group was unsafe habits, 30.2% a lack of safety knowledge, 17.9% and insufficient supervision, 12.3%. The 30~39 year age group was head the highest number of injuries, 40.4% work places with more than 10 yeras of work, 44.4% work palces with more than 1000 people, 56.3% and mining accidents, 80.0%. Among these groups the highest cause of injury was due to facility problems. 3. The accident pattern showed machinery injuries 28.5% as the largest group, followed by falls & falling objects 17.3%, fire & electric 15.1%, struke by an object 14.5%, followed by overaction and vehicular accidents. The accident pattern showed 46.4 % among workers over the 50 year age group, workers in the 5~10 year group, 50.0 % places employing more than 1000 workers, 35.3 % : construction 73.7%, and construction workers 57.1%, among these fall & falling objects caused the greatest number of injuries. 4. The largest group of injuries was fractures 54.8%, trauma 14.5%, amputation 11.7%, open wound, and burns. The largest number of fractures occurred in people in the 30~39 year age group, 63.2 % over 10 years of work, 55.6% in work places of 300~400 people, 63.6% construction 63.2% and general workers 57.2 %. 5. The largest group of injuries was upper extremity 45.3%, lower extremity 24.0%, trunk 18.5 % and head or neck 12.2%. Of these groups, upper extremity injuries were the highest in those less 20 years old 75.0%, less than 1 years of work 59.5%, in work places of 500~999 people 60.0%, manufacturing 56.6 % and production workers 55.6%. 6. Periods of injury showed 34 people injured in September, to be the largest followed by October, 32 August, 22 people July, 19 people and the lowest December, 2 people. During the week, Friday had the largest group injured, 35 people followed by Saturday, 26 people and the lowest was Wednesday, 17 people, During the day 1400 hours had the largest group injured, 38 people followed by 800 hours, 31 people. 7. On a basis of 5 as the highest mark, the average, according to worker satisfaction showed facility safety 3.55, work environment 3.47, income 3.44, job 3.21 and treatment 2.98. 8. The correlation between general characteristics and injury showed that age was directly correlated to the duration of work(r=.2591) p<0.01, age was directly correlated to industry (r=2311) p<0.01, and the duration was directly correlated to occupation(r =.4372) p<0.001.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.36-53
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• 1987

It is utmostly important to establish the efficient fitable way of peoples' active participation in primary health care especially in the areas where the public or governmental service input for the basic health care is insufficient like as in rural areas of Korea. In light of above reason, this study focused mainly on the evaluation of roles and activities of village health workers (VHWs) who were selected from grass- root level of village people in order to derive further motivation for active participation. This is believed to be a sort of feedback mechanisms. Actually, the authors collected the activity reports of VHWs who had been devoting themselves in the primary health care services of Jeomdong Area, of Yeoju Gun one of Korea University Community Health Action Programmes and survey record on the VHWs activity from correspondent people. 1 hose data were analyzed through computer programmed package. The activities performed by VHWs were limited to the performance in 1985 for conveniance. The summarized results were as follows; 1) General characteristics of VHWs. Among a total of 28 VHWs in the area, about 39.3g of them have been replaced up to the date since the implementation in 1983, because of moving out, occupational employment and of others. The age of majority (75.0%) lied between the range of 30-50, and educational background of 67.9% belonged to category of primary school graduation, about 50% of them experienced to be or were also entiled "chief of women club" of corresponding villages. 2) Work-load of VHWs. Each VHW was assigned for tasks of health care for average 55 households of 248 persons. They shared approximately 6 days a month for the activity in average and it covered 17 cases of basic health care in a month. A half of the VHWs performed home visits irregularly without solidified schedule. 3) Work performance analysis. Informations collected through VHWs were compared with data from official vital registration at local administration center "Myon Office" in 1985. VHWs collected 100.8 of new born, 116.2 of death, 58.3 of move in and 74.8 of move out in comparison with 100.0 of official registration each. Pregnant women of 79.8% of mothers among the total pregnancy of 94 which were confirmed as normally delivered or aborted cases by all means afterwards had been detected by VHWs as being pregnant and all of them received some of antenatal cares by VHWs. All(100%) of delivered women were detected by VHWs through home visits and they were cared postnatally. Whereas, according to the records of birth registration, the places of delivery were clinic in 33.7%, and mother's home in 66.3%, VHWs reported them to be clinic in 48.9%, midwifery in 20.2%. It was cleared that most of misinformation was caused by uncautious filling of birth registration at notification. Among the total of 717 eligible women under age 44 years, family planning status of 92.6% was reported by VHWs confirming practice of control to be 70.8% of reported fertile women. 4) Attitude of VHW on the roles and functions. Although 92.0% of VHWs expressed VHWs to be worthwhile, only 52.0% of them had dignity and satisfaction in their activity and 44.0% of them had passive attitude of working saying they followed direction regardlessly. Concerning difficulties in performance as a VHW, 60.7% of them pointed out lacking of medical and health related knowledge by themselves. Still, 64.0% of them thought visiting unfamilier house to be awful and 40.0% complained forms of activity to be difficult and hard. It was also revealed that 56.6% confessed lack of interest on community health service itself. Most of VHWs needed more educational training especially on clinical fields such as cares of gynecological diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseaes of the aged. Regular on-the-job basic trainings were said to be needed twice a year.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the reality of inservice education provided to members of Korean Dental Hygienists Association, the state of relevant academic conferences, and the perception of the members about inservice education and academic conference. It's basically meant to help boost their participation in inservice education and their satisfaction with it, and to show some of the right directions for that. The subjects in this study were dental hygienists who attended a symposium on July 1, 2006. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 489 participants were analyzed, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. General hospitals and university hospitals made up the largest group(91.4%) that gave a monthly leave of absence, and the second largest group was dental hospitals(75.4%), followed by dental clinics(58.3%) and public dental clinics(48.0%). The most common closing time in dental clinics and dental hospitals was 5 p.m., and that was 12 p.m. in general hospitals and university hospitals. The dental hygienists in public dental clinics didn't work on Saturdays. By type of workplace, treatment was the most common duty for the dental hygienists in dental clinics and dental hospitals to perform, and those who worked at general hospitals, university hospitals and public health clinics were in charge of extensive range of jobs. 2. The rates of the dental hygienists who took that education stood at 94.9% in public dental clinics, 78.7% in dental hospitals and 75.3% in dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals. Regarding how many marks they got on an yearly basis, those who got eight marks or more made up the largest group(55.6%), followed by four marks or more(11.8%), six marks or more(3.4%), and two marks or more(1.5%). As for the usefulness of inservice education for their job performance, the largest number of the dental hygienists(40.8%) found it to be helpful, and the second greatest group(37.5%) considered its effectiveness to be so-so. The third largest group(8.4%) found it to be of great use, and the fourth biggest group(4.2%) considered it to be of no service. The fifth biggest group(l.3%) thought it was absolutely useless. By type of workplace, the workers in dental clinics, dental hospitals, general hospitals and university hospitals wanted the most to learn how to take care of clinical work(acquisition of up-to-date technology), and those in public health clinics hoped the most to learn about public dental health. By type of workplace, the workers in dental clinics had their sight set on self-development the most, and the dental hygienists in dental hospitals, general hospitals, university hospitals and public health clinics were most in pursuit of acquiring new knowledge. By type of workplace, the specific given conditions at work were most singled out by the dental clinic workers as the reason, and the dental hospital employees pointed out time constraints the most. The dental hygienists in general hospitals and university hospitals cited time constraints and financial burden the most, and the public health clinic personnels mentioned inaccessibility of a place for inservice education as the reason. 3. The public health clinic workers participated in academic conferences the most(90.8%), followed by the general and university hospital personnels(68.8%), dental hospital employees(65.6%) and dental clinic workers(65.5%). By type of workplace, the public health clinic workers(73.5%) expressed the most satisfaction, followed by the general and university hospital employees(67.7%), dental clinic workers(62.3%) and dental hospital personnels(54.1%). By type of workplace, the employees of dental clinics, dental hospitals, general hospitals and university hospitals preferred Saturdays, and the public health clinic workers had a liking for weekdays. As for a favored place, hotels were most preferred, followed by university hospitals, general hospitals, college lecture rooms, district halls and local public institutions. Hotels were most favored regardless of the type of workplace. 4. Regarding outlook on inservice education, they had the highest opinion on the facilities and given conditions of lecture rooms($3.41{\pm}0.83$), followed by the professionalism of lecturers($3.34{\pm}0.83$), procedures of receipt and attendance confirmation($3.34{\pm}0.83$) and class size($3.13{\pm}0.89$). On the contrary, they took the most dismal view of the inaccessibility of a place of inservice education($2.08{\pm}0.92$), followed by limited opportunity and limited date for that education($2.51{\pm}0.99$), extra financial burden($2.53{\pm}1.18$) and high tuition fee($2.57{\pm}0.96$).