• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.844-851
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• 2014

This study focused on the anti-oxidative and collagenase- and elastase inhibition effects of low molecular weight peptides (LMP) from commercial Jeju horse leg bone hydrolysates (JHLB) on pancreatin, via enzymatic hydrolysis. Cell viability of dermal fibroblasts exposed to UVB radiation upon treatment with LMP from JHLB was evaluated. Determination of the antioxidant activity of various concentrations of LMP from JHLB were carried out by assessing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of LMP from JHLB (20 mg/mL) was 92.21% and ABTS radical scavenging activity (15 mg/mL) was 99.50%. FRAP activity (30 mg/mL) was $364.72{\mu}M/TE$ and ORAC activity (1 mg/mL) was $101.85{\mu}M/TE$. The anti-wrinkle potential was assessed by evaluating the elastase- and collagenase inhibition potential of these LMP. We found that 200 mg/mL of LMP from JHLB inhibited elastase activity by 41.32%, and 100 mg/mL of LMP from JHLB inhibited collagenase activity by 91.32%. The cell viability of untreated HS68 human dermal fibroblasts was 45% when exposed to a UVB radiation dose of $100mJ/cm^2$. After 24 h of incubation with $500{\mu}g/mL$ LMP from JHLB, the cell viability increased to 60%. These results indicate that LMP from JHLB has potential utility as an anti-oxidant and anti-wrinkle agent in the food and cosmetic industry. Additional in vivo tests should be carried out to further characterize these potential benefits.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1165-1176
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• 2019

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by Clostridium botulinum, are the most toxic substances known. However, the number of currently approved medical countermeasures for these toxins is very limited. Therefore, studies on therapeutic antitoxins are essential to prepare for toxin-related emergencies. Currently, more than 10,000 Halla horses, a crossbreed between the native Jeju and Thoroughbred horses, are being raised in Jeju Island of Korea. They can be used for equine antitoxin experiments and production of hyperimmune serum against BoNT/A1. Instead of the inactivated BoNT/A1 toxoid, Halla horse was immunized with the receptor-binding domain present in the C-terminus of heavy chain of BoNT/A1 (BoNT/A1-HCR) expressed in Escherichia coli. The anti-BoNT/A1-HCR antibody titer increased rapidly by week 4, and this level was maintained for several weeks after boosting immunization. Notably, $20{\mu}l$ of the week-24 BoNT/A1-HCR(-immunized) equine serum showed an in vitro neutralizing activity of over 8 international units (IU) of a reference equine antitoxin. Furthermore, $20{\mu}l$ of equine serum and $100{\mu}g$ of purified equine $F(ab^{\prime})_2$ showed 100% neutralization of 10,000 $LD_{50}$ in vivo. The results of this study shall contribute towards optimizing antitoxin production for BoNT/A1, which is essential for emergency preparedness and response.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

말에서 Digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS)의 감염성 건초염은 치명적인 질병이다. 본 연구에서는 관절경을 이용한 말 DFTS의 감염성 건초염 치료 결과를 보고하고자 한다. DFTS에 급성 감염성 건초염이 발생한 13마리의 더 러브렛 말에 관절경 수술을 실시하였다. 수술시간은 56-148분(평균 85.6분, 중간값 84.0분)이였다. 활액검사에서 평균 백혈구수, 평균 중성구 비율, 평균 총단백질 수치는, 각각 $42.9{\times}103cells/{\mu}l$ (range, $7.2-109.5cells/{\mu}l$), 89.5% (range, 68-97%), 4.0 g/dl (range, 2.5-5.2 g/dl)이였다. 활액의 세포배양 검사를 실시한 11두중 2두에서 세균의 증식이 관찰되었다. 모든 말들은 부작용 없이 회복되어 원래의 목적으로 사용되었다. 말 DFTS의 급성 감염성 건초염에서 관절경 수술은 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.440-452
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine if an 8-week therapeutic riding (TR) program was effective in improving the walking ability of students with intellectual disabilities. Thirteen students diagnosed with intellectual disabilities participated in the TR program. TR sessions were conducted twice a week (30 min per session), with a total of 16 rides taking place over an 8-week period. A gait measurement analyzer was used to measure progress based on a turn test (6-m walking and turning test), walk test (10-m walking), and timed up and go (TUG) test. Measurements were made three times: before horse-riding (P0), after 4 weeks (8 rides) of horse-riding (P1), and after 8 weeks (16 rides) of horse-riding (P2). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (ver. 22.0). Descriptive statistics were generated on the general characteristics of the subjects, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the data. Because of the lack of normality, the data were analyzed using a nonparametric method and the significance level was set to 0.05. Measurements of the duration of the forward gait cycle (s) in the turn test and the forward gait speed (m/s) in the walk test indicated improved walking ability after the TR program (p < 0.001); the stride length (% height) also increased significantly (p < 0.05). The walk test revealed a significant effect of the program on the duration of the forward gait cycle (p < 0.05), while there were significant improvements on the left and right of the elaborated strides (p < 0.001). No significant improvement in TUG test performance was observed after the TR program. In this study, an 8-week TR program had positive results on gait. Therefore, further research is merited, where TR programs are likely to improve the walking ability of individuals with intellectual disabilities.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.304-306
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• 2017

A 3-year-old Thoroughbred mare was referred to J&C Equine Hospital with gestation day 30 twin pregnancy. On transrectal ultrasonographic examination, two similar sized (28 mm) embryonic vesicles, unilaterally fixed in the uterine horn, were detected. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration (TUGA) was performed for reduction of one embryonic vesicle. Yolk sac and allantoic cavity fluids from one embryonic vesicle were aspirated by a needle guided by using transvaginal ultrasound. The mare continued normal singleton pregnancy after twin reduction and delivered a foal successfully. This is the first case described the clinical use of TUGA in Korea. Clinical use of TUGA in twin reduction after embryonic fixation is recommended for equine clinicians.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2019

Seahorses have long been used as ornamental and medicinal products. The sea horse Hippocampus abdominalis has a beautiful color and unique shape and is also used for ornamental purposes and as a traditional medicine in China. This study examined the value of H. abdominalis as a health functional food or food additive. H. abdominalis was hydrolyzed using seven proteases: flavourzyme, neutrase, alcalase, trypsin, kojizyme, pepsin and protamex. The yields of all of the enzyme hydrolysates were higher than that of the aqueous extract. Of the enzymatic hydrolysates, seahorse Protamex hydrolysate (SHP) gave the highest yield and had excellent antioxidant and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activities. It protected Vero cells against oxidative by 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and antihypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. This study attempted to demonstrate H. abdominalis as a health functional food or food additive in the future.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2011

Coital exanthema of Thoroughbred horses had occurred firstly in Republic of Korea. This study was performed to evaluate clinical features of coital exanthema, and provide veterinary knowledge to equine practitioner as well as horse farms. The method was clinical, clinical pathology and sexual hormone, electron microscope and libido examination. Five stallions of 27, 45 broodmares of 416 showed clinical symptoms but 124 foals and a teaser did not show any abnormal appearance. Five stallion had papule, pustule, crust around a glans, body of penis, prepuce and remain decolorized spot after treatment. One laceration of glans and 3 gait disorder had been observed but it did not affect libido. Forty-five broodmares localized had papule, pustule, crust, and ulceration around perineal region, vulva, mucocutaneous junction remain decolorized spot after treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.132-134
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• 2017

Streptococcus equi subsp. equi which is a Gram-positive bacteria causes strangles a highly contagious disease that affects the respiratory system of the horse. The disease is characterized by fever, nasal discharges and enlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and upper neck region. This study was performed to monitor the level of serum strangles antibody titers of horses in Jeju. A total of clinically healthy 122 horses (41 horses less than 5 months, 81 horses more than 1 years old) were included in this study. Serum antibody titers against strangles were measured by means of Passive haemagglutination (PHA) titers. As the results, the level of foals was definitely low. The results of this study have shown that there is a need to consider the vaccination against strangles infection at foals.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2006

This work describes an outbreak of strangles due to Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in 1 to 2 years old Thoroughbred horses. A total of 7 samples were collected from 5 horses in two different horse farms during 2003. Six ${\beta}$-hemolytic colonies selected from each sample were identified by biochemical tests using API STREPTO followed by PCR amplification which is able to recognize unique region of SeM gene of S. equi subsp. equi. All colonies selected from the ruptured lymphadenitis of 2 horses in farm A were identified as S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimillis. It seems to be secondary infection because the sampling sites have been already opened and the horses have been treated with antibiotics for a week. All colonies from 2 submandibular lymphadenitis samples in Farm B were S. equi subsp. equi while the isolates from 3 nasal discharges in this farm were mixed with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.347-358
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• 2004

유목문화를 근간으로 하는 몽골에서 말은 중요한 이동수단으로서 목축민들의 특별한 애정과 존중을 받아온 몽골을 대표하는 가축이다. 몽골에서 말은 가축을 흩어짐 없이 사육하고 새로운 초지를 찾아 유목하거나 장거리 이동시 주요한 교통수단으로 사용 되였다. 따라서 말은 몽골의 목축생활 양식과 불가분의 관계를 가지고 있다고 할 수 있다. 한국의 전통사회에서도 말은 교통수단과 군사용 등으로 사용된 중요한 가축이었다. 한국과 몽골의 문화에 등장하는 말은 신승물, 신성성, 의리를 지키고, 충성을 다하는 존재, 재앙을 예시하는 존재, 민중의 이상과 꿈을 실현시켜 줄 수 있는 존재, 정력과 지혜로움, 도약 등의 상징성을 지닌 동물로 묘사되어 있다. 또한 말은 신과 교감하는 천마이며, 신에게 바쳐지는 성물인 헌마로서 존중되었고, 그리고 신성한 존재인 마신으로까지 추앙받는 존재였음을 알 수 있다. 몽골에서 말과 관련된 세시풍속은 말이 출산하는 여름의 첫 달인 인일 '암말의 씨를 내는 의례'에서 시작해서 가을 술일에 '암말을 놓는 의례'로 끝이 난다. 암말의 씨를 내는 의례에서 암말을 놓는 의례에 이르기까지 말과 관련된 몽골의 세시풍속은 가축의 젖과 연관되어 있다. 암말의 씨를 내는 의례는 말이 새끼를 얻는 것을 기념하는 축제로서 이때는 각종 가축의 젖과 유제품이 흔해지는 풍요로운 시기이다. 몽골인들은 가축의 출산을 알리고 축원할 때 주로 가축의 젖을 바치는 풍속을 행한다. 즉, 말이 새끼를 낳는 초여름 새끼가 건강하게 자라서 수가 증가하기를 기원하고, 이와 더불어 유제품이 더 풍부해지기를 기원하면서 길상을 의미하는 흰색 젖의 특상품을 하늘, 대지 그리고 물의 신에게 뿌리는 차찰의식을 거행한다. 차찰의식을 통해 몽골인들은 초원의 풀이 잘 자라고 가축의 수가 증가하여 삶이 풍요로워 지기를 기원하였다. 가을의 '암말을 놓는 의례' 역시 말 젖짜기를 그치면서 다음 해 새끼말들이 많이 태어나서 더 많은 젖과 아이락을 얻기를 기원하는 축제임을 알 수 있다. 한국에서는 통일신라시대 이래로 국가가 주도하는 마제가 개최되었는데, 마조제는 중춘, 선목제는, 중하, 마사제는 중추 등 각각 길일을 택하여 말에게 제사하였다. 이들 제사는 말의 무병과 성장 번식을 기원하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 제주도의 대표적인 목축의례인 백중제 역시 그 해의 목축이 잘되기를 기원하는 제의의 형태로 나타난다. 또한 정월의 첫 말일인 상오일에 장을 담그면 맛이 좋다고 전해진다. 첫 말날 장을 담그면 장맛이 좋다고 하는 것은 말이 콩을 좋아하므로 콩을 원료로 하는 장을 담그는 것이고, 말날에 담근 장은 말피처럼 빛깔이 진하고 맛이 있다는 것이다. 말은 기가 왕성하므로 말날은 먼 길을 나서기에 좋은 날로 믿고 있다. 한국과 몽골의 말과 관련된 세시풍속은 말의 출산과 관련하여 다산과 풍요를 바라는 마음에서 신에게 기원하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 몽골인들이 말 젖을 하늘과 땅에 뿌리는 차찰 의식을 통해 말의 번식과 흰색의 유제품이 풍부해지길 기원하였다면, 한국의 세시풍속은 제천의식을 통해 말의 번식과 무병을 기원하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 같은 북아시아 유목적 태반을 공유하고 있는 몽골과 한국의 목축 관행의 상사 및 상이점, 스텝과 농경지대라는 목축 환경의 상이성과 그를 기반으로 전개되어 온 목축 관행의 역사적인 변용들을 구체적으로 조목조목 따져 밝혀가는 본격적인 연구과제는 시론 차원의 이 논문에서는 일단 문제로만 제기해 두려 한다.