• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1729-1737
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• 2010

본 연구는 양파즙을 이용하여 가축 사료첨가제용 Lactobacillus plantarum의 배양 최적화를 위하여 수행되었다. 양파즙의 첨가수준이 균체성장과 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였을 때, 그 첨가수준이 증가할수록 모두 높아졌다. 양파즙, 설탕 그리고 yeast extract를 배지성분요인으로 선택하였고, 배지 내 성분요인들의 혼합비율에 의한 효과를 평가하였다. 24 개의 실험들로 구성된 완전 요인 배치법을 이용하여 요인들의 주효과와 상호작용을 조사하였다. 균체성장과 항산화 활성에 대한 유의성 있는 긍정적 주효과는 각각 yeast extract와 양파즙에서 나타났다. 유의적인 상호작용으로는 항산화 활성에 대하여 설탕와 yeast extract 사이에서 나타났다. 최종적으로 양파 600 g/l, 설탕 15 g/l 및 효모추출물 5 g/l의 최적 배지조성을 선발하였다. 얻어진 최적배지의 효율을 분석하기 위하여 5 l 발효기를 이용하여 평가한 결과 최대 균체 성장량은 배양 12시간째에 $9.7\;{\log}_{10}$ (CFU/ml)로 나타났다. 배양 마지막인 20시간 때에는 $8.9\;{\log}_{10}$ (CFU/ml)의 균체 성장량을 보였으며 이는 예측된 $9.01\;{\log}_{10}$ (CFU/ml)과 매우 유사한 결과였다. 배양액의 항산화 활성은 모든 배양 시간대에서 약 60~65%로 유지되었으며, 이것은 예측된 값(47.1%)보다 훨씬 우수하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-51
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• 1980

In order to research into the devel of the concept of movement and speed in our own way and compare with the Piaget's method, and then find out the formative period of such development, we have put the 192 primary school children as the model and obtained the following results. 1. As their grade upyards, all the experimental subjects showed the gradual progress generally regardless of sex or regions, while only the relative speed showed irregular progress. 2. There was no experimental subject which showed any remarkable sexual characteristics. But in the relative movement, the lower grade boys and higher grade girls made progress. In the subjects of circulation movement, intuition of speed, relative speed and speed of simultaneous movement, the boys marked better progress, whilst the girls were advanced a little in the speed of continuous movement with, different distance and time. 3. There was no conspicuous difference between the urban and rural areas, except a slight tendency that the urban children made better progress in the change of progressing direction, native continuous procedure of periodical movement, travelling road, and the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time whereas the rural children were more advanced in the relative movement, relative speed and intuition of speed. But it should be 'taken into consideration that the rural regions in our case were relatively developed in comparison with the traditional rural communities, which may explain about little regional difference. 4. Comparing our research results with the Piaget's theory, we have reached below results. Our research reports that the formative period of the conception of the problems of diverse progressing direction and a native continuous procedure of periodical movement was simultaneous, at the Piagetian level(at the fourth grade) which coincides with Piagetian theory. The travelling road should be made up a little lower at 2A/2B according' to Piagetian Level, whereas it was formed at the 4th grade as shown in our previous research. Intuition of speed should belong to the prior stage to concrete operation, but our research shows it was formed late at the 4th grade. Composition of displacement was made at the 6th grade, and it was almost equal to the first stage of formal operation(3A). But in the subjects of relative movement relative speed, the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time, relation and preservation of invariable speed, and accelerated motion, even 6th grade children marked a poor record. Summed up, the procedure conception as a basic movement conception coincides with the Piagetion level. But as for speed intuition, relative speed and speed fixation, it was Jar behind Piagetian level. Therefore it is required that we have to concentrate on the systematic training in these parts on the spot.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 1999년도 The 6th International Symposium on the Development of Anti-Cancer Resource from Plants
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• pp.46-57
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• 1999

Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is important medicinal plant but requires 4-year cultivation for root harvest because of slow growth. In contrast, ginseng callus and hairy roots grow vigorously and may Produce the same or more biologically active compounds for human health than natural ginseng roots. Therefore, ginseng callus and hairy roots can be used for commercial purposes. Polyacetylene, one of anti-cancer compounds in ginseng, was not detected in the callus cultured on the medium containing 2, 4-B, but cells derived from the callus growth was excellent, The ginseng calli cultured on the medium containing 2mg11 CPA and 0.05mg/1 BA was grown vigorously and produced panaxydol, one of ginseng polyacetylene. The biosynthesis of polyacetylene in callus was not affected by addition of NAA and sucrose in media. The SH medium was better than the MS medium for ginseng callus growth and biosynthesis of panaxydol. Another ginseng anti-cancer compounds, ginsenoside-Rg$_3$, Rh$_1$and Rh$_2$ were detected in ginseng hairy roots by heat treatment. Those of Panax ginseng were obtained after root disks of three-year old roots were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes Rl000 $A_4$T in dark condition after one month of culture. The optimum growth of hairy roots was achieved in the culture of 1/2 MS liquid medium in dark(22$^{\circ}C$) under 60 rpm gyratory shaking. Hairy roots grew well in 5 ι Erlenmeyer flasks, 1ι roller drums, 10ι jar-fermenters, and especially in 20ι air-lift .culture vessels. All heat treatments had remarkably different ginsenoside contents. Eleven ginsenosides were determined in heat treatment, eight in freeze dried hairy roots. Contents of ginsenoside-Rbl , Rb2, Rc, Rd. Re, Rf, and Rg$_1$tested in all heat treatments were less than those of freeze dried hairy roots. Contents of glnsenoside-Rg$_2$ in heat treatment for 1 hour at 105$^{\circ}C$ was 4.92mg/g dry wt, 3.9 times higher than 1.27 mg/g dry wt of freeze dried hairy roots. The optimum condition of heat treatment for the production of ginsenoside-Rg$_3$and Rhl was 2 hours at 105$^{\circ}C$, and ginsenoside content was 2.58mg/g dry wt and 3.62mg/g dry wt, respectively. The production of ginsenoside-Rh2 was the highest in heat treatment for 2 hours at 105$^{\circ}C$ among treatments examined, and ginsenoside-Rh$_2$content was 1.08mg/g dry wt.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study is to assess the effect of Korean Herbal Cosmetic on quality of life (QoL) of Korean Herbal Cosmetics Using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) stratified by blind versus non-blinded option.Methods : Forty five healthy females aged 30's to 40's were recruited for this study. Volunteers were divided into two groups : Group A (n=22) was provided an anti-aging cream with ginseng extract in the original packaging including the brand name and logo. Group B (n=23) were provided same cream in a plain white normal jar without any package decoration or logo.Results : All females except two volunteers in group A completed a DLQI questionnaire, baseline, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment. The baseline of DLQI scores of all groups was 3.23±2.72. There was a significant difference in DLQI scores between before, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after in both groups ; The scores changed from 4.25±3.45 to 0.95±1.15 at 4 weeks, 1.00±1.72 at 8 weeks in group A, The scores of group B changed from 2.35±1.47 to 0.83±1.23 at 4 weeks, 0.65±0.98 at 8 weeks. But both had no interaction effect between follow up times and groups. Subscale DLQI scores improved after 4weeks were 'Symptoms and feelings', only in group BConclusions : Both groups showed significant improvements in QoL quality scores evaluated by DLQI. However, interaction was not observed for whether the participants knew the brand and content of the cream.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.411-416
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• 1994

유전자 재조합 대장균에서 분지올리고당을 생산하는 Bacillus licheniformis amylase(BLMA)효소의 생산수율을 향상시키기 위하여 배지최적화 연구를 수행하였다. 기존 LB배지로 5l 발효조에서 배양한 결과 재조합 균주인 E. coli pIJ322의 최대비생육속도(${\mu}_{max}$)는 0.81 hr, 최종균체농도는 1.39g/l, 최종효소역가는 5.11U/ml였다. 배지조성 최적화는 Box and Wilson method에 의한 flask 배양실험으로 수행하였으며, 이 방법으로 결정된 배지조성은 tryptone 18.0g/l, yeast extract 22.4g/l, NaCl 5.3g/l, 포도당 2.1g/l였다. 최적화된 배지로 발효조에서 E. coli pIJ322를 배양한 결과 최종균체농도 6.01g/l, 최종효소역가 23.2U/ml였다. 이것은 기존의 LB배지와 비교하여 최종균체농도 4.3배, 최종효소역가 4.5배 증가한 것이다. 최종효소역가의 증가는 균체농도가 향상되었기 때문인 것으로 추정된다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 음식물 쓰레기의 혐기성 소화 슬러지의 탈수 효율을 증대시키기 위하여 응집제 및 응집보조제의 선정 및 탈수 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 혐기성 슬러지는 음식물 쓰레기를 $55^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 소화시켜 얻었으며 이 때의 평균 가스 발생량 및 메탄 함량은 각각 $1.1m^3/kg$ VS 및 63%였으며 소화액의 성상은 각각 pH 7.8, 총고형물 1.5%, CODcr 18,500mg/L이었다. 또한, TKN과 TP는 각각 2,800mg/L과 582mg/L이었으며 암모늄 이온과 인산이온은 2,077mg/L과 415mg/L이었다. 이러한 혐기성 소화액에 각종 응집제를 투입하여 응집 실험 결과, $FeCl_3$와 강양이온계 고분자 응집제만이 응집 효과가 있었으며 $FeCl_3$와 강양이온계 고분자 응집자의 적정 투입 농도는 각각 500mg/L과 50 - 100mg/L였다. 또한, $FeCl_3$ 500mg/L을 첨가하여 1차 얻은 혐기성 슬러지에 고분자 응집제의 농도를 달리하면서 CST(Capillary Suction Time)를 측정한 결과, 강양이온계 고분자 응집제 80mg/L을 혼합하였을 때 최적의 탈수 조건이 형성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate electric moxibustion on patients with back pain caused by road traffic accidents. Methods: This was a retrospective study (n = 112) comparing treatment with Korean medicine combined with electric moxibustion (n = 56), and Korean medicine alone (n = 56). Patient gender, age, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) was recorded for each group at the time of hospital admission. Mean NRS measured weekly, mean ODI and EQ-5D scores were measured 2 weeks post-treatment, and evaluated by paired sample t test. using the Statistical Program for Social Science v. 25.0 for Windows. An independent, two-sample t test was used to test for a significant difference in the decrement of NRS, ODI and increment EQ-5D scores between groups. Results: NRS scores decreased in both groups after 1 week of treatment (electric moxibustion, from $5.13{\pm}0.79$ to $3.86{\pm}0.67$; Korean medicine alone, from $5.18{\pm}0.92$ to $4.30{\pm}0.94$; both p < 0.001). There was a significantly greater reduction in NRS score in the electric moxibustion group ($1.27{\pm}0.59$) than in the Korean medicine alone group ($0.88{\pm}0.61$; p = 0.001). After 2 weeks of treatment, EQ-5D scores increased significantly in the moxibustion group ($0.19{\pm}0.12$) compared with the Korean medicine alone group ($0.13{\pm}0.20$; p = 0.043). After 2 weeks of treatment, NRS and ODI scores decreased in both groups. EQ-5D increased in both groups. Conclusion: We suggest that electric moxibustion treatment may be effective for reducing early-stage back pain in patients with road traffic accident injuries.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to review clinical studies of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (LHIVD) treatment using acupuncture. Online database (PubMed, COCHRANE Library, EMBASE, CNKI, KISS, NDSL, KoreaMed, KMbase, OASIS, and KISTI) searches were conducted in May 2018. Studies that used acupuncture, electroacupuncture or warm needle acupuncture were included, along with participants who had lower back pain and radiating pain of their lower limbs consistent with radiological findings. Animal studies and nonclinical data were excluded. Data on treatment methods, site, time, frequency, period, and scales used were analyzed. There were 69 studies including 38 randomized controlled trials, 14 retrospective observational studies, and 17 clinical case studies. There were 51 acupoints selected for acupuncture treatment of LHIVD. The most frequently treated acupoints were BL23, BL25, BL24, and BL40. The mean treatment time, frequency, and duration were $26.06{\pm}6.70$ mins, $6.29{\pm}1.70$ times/week, and $20.57{\pm}11.04$ days, respectively, in randomized controlled trials (RCT), and $18.62{\pm}4.60$ mins, $11.58{\pm}3.99$ times/week, and $34.43{\pm}17.62$ days, respectively, in case/retrospective studies ($mean{\pm}SD$). This review collates information about acupuncture treatment methods for LHIVD.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to review whether Korean medicine treatment was effective to maintain the spinal stability and to relieve spinal symptom by reviewing medical records of 18 vertebral compression fracture patients. Methods: The subjects were 18 thoracolumbar compression fracture patients who were taken more than two lateral view x-rays of fractured vertebra from Jan, 2010 to June, 2018. They were divided into two groups: the time admitted into Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Pohang Korean Medical Hospital of Daegu Hanny University from onset (Research 1) and whether or not they have a past history of osteoporosis (Research 2). Then, they were follow-up observed and compared by compression ratio and numerical rating scale (NRS) and so on. Results: The amount of weekly compression rate increase of 18 patients was 1.76% per week. According to the result of Research 1, the patients group (14 patients) who were admitted into the hospital within 1-2 weeks from getting injury was 1.88% per week whereas the patients group(4 patients) who were admitted into the hospital within 3-4 weeks from getting injury was 1.22% per week. By Research 2 result, the patients group (7 patients) who had been diagnosed as an osteoporosis patient was 2.19% per week, and those (11 patients) who had not was 1.49% per week. There was a statistical significance in the change of the amount of compression rate increase in the case of Research 1, but there was not in the case of Research 2. NRS was decreased without significant difference regardless of the time admitted into the hospital and whether or not the patients had the past history of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Considering that there were more amount of compression rate increase at 1-4 weeks from onset, it is necessary to offer treatment more actively on early time from onset. Further research is needed into the increase of compression rate by the patients' having a past history of osteoporosis or not. Given that NRS decreased without significant difference, it is assumed that Korean medicine treatment has a meaningful effect on relieving subjective symptom of patients who are diagnosed as vertebral compression fractures.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2020

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of treatment of Korean medicine on superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions. Methods: A total of 55 inpatients diagnosed with SLAP lesions by magnetic resonance imaging, were investigated from May 1^st, 2014 to May 31^st, 2019 at Haeundae Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine. The patients were sorted by gender, age, causing factor, illness duration, period of hospitalization, SLAP lesion type, complications, and treatments. Treatments included acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, Chuna therapy, herbal treatment, and physiotherapy. After treatment, the Numeric Rating Scale, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and European Quality of Life 5-Dimension questionnaire were used to evaluate treatment effect. Results: There were more males than females in this study (1:0.83). Patients were more likely to be in their 50s (38.18%), have an unknown etiology (70.91%), and be in the subacute disease stage (41.82%). According to the SLAP lesion type, most of the inpatients had Type 2 lesions (69.09%). For inpatients diagnosed with SLAP lesions, the mean shoulder numeric rating scale score decreased from 5.55 ± 0.90, to 4.07 ± 1.18 (p < 0.001), the mean Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score decreased from 50.35 ± 18.36, to 39.90 ± 19.34 (p < 0.001), and the mean European quality of life 5-dimension index increased from 0.70 ± 0.16, to 0.75 ± 0.13 (p < 0.01) after treatment. Conclusion: Treatment of Korean medicine effectively decreased pain and increased the quality of life of the patients with SLAP lesions in this study.