• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.152-173
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• 2021

The Large Banner was introduced during the Japanese Invasions of Korea with a new military system. It was a flag that controlled the movement of soldiers in military training. In addition, it was used in other ways, such as a symbol when receiving a king in a military camp, a flag raised on the front of a royal procession, at the reception and dispatch of envoys, and at a local official's procession. The Large Banner was recognized as a symbol of military dignity and training rites. The Large Banner was analyzed in the present study in the context of two different types of decorations. Type I includes chungdogi, gakgi and moongi. Type II includes grand, medium, and small obangi, geumgogi and pyomigi. Each type is decorated differently for each purpose. The size of the flag is estimated to be a square of over 4 ja long in length. Flame edges were attached to one side and run up and down The Large Banner used the Five Direction Colors based on the traditional principles of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. The pattern of the Large Banner is largely distinguished by four. The pattern of large obangi consists of divine beasts symbolizing the Five Directions and a Taoism amulet letter. The pattern of medium obangi features spiritual generals that escort the Five Directions. The pattern of small obangi has the Eight Trigrams. The pattern of moongi consists of a tiger with wings that keeps a tight watch on the army's doors. As for historical sources of coloring for Large Banner production, the color-written copy named Gije, from the collection of the Osaka Prefect Library, was confirmed as the style of the Yongho Camp in the mid to late 18th century, and it was also used for this essay and visualization work. We used Cloud-patterned Satin Damask as the background material for Large Banner production, to reveal the dignity of the military. The size of the 4 ja flag was determined to be 170 cm long and 145 cm wide, and the 5 ja flag was 200 cm long and 175 cm wide. The conversion formula used for this work was Youngjochuck (1 ja =30cm). In addition, the order of hierarchy in the Flag of the King was discovered within all flags of the late Joseon Dynasty. In the above historical study, the two types of Large Banner were visualized. The visualization considered the size of the flag, the decoration of the flagpole, and the patterns described in this essay to restore them to their original shape laid out the 18th century relics on the background. By presenting color, size, material patterns, and auxiliary items together, it was possible not only to produce 3D content, but also to produce real products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.74 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 1986

Noticed that large number of the Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) has lost its typical excurrent tree from by removal of apical shoot in the process of cone harvesting, the investigation and analysis for the species were made on the basis of the relationship among DBH, total height, merchantable height, and merchantable volume, compared with normally grown Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Gordon). One hundred sample trees for each species were selected in the same aged stands for the study. Results have indicated that the pine has shown abnormal height growth pattern mainly by the disturbance of external artificial force. The pine's forked and/or crooked stems by the reason lave led the result of less merchantable volume in the same DBH classes. Consequently, the pine would have undesirable tree form in terms of timber production, unless free from apical shoot disturbances. Considered to the merit of the Korean white pine that can produce timber and pine nuts, management alternatives for the pine stand were suggested to achieve maximum rate of return for the silvicultural investment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.101-112
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• 2017

Based on an analysis of the characteristics of "Ecute" of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) that planned the world's first large scale commercial facilities inside a ticket gate (paid-area including waiting room and platforms), the present study proposes a brand development of commercial facilities inside aged railway stations, where only basic railway business have been provided focusing on passenger transportation, by renewing the definition of railway commercial facilities and presenting a detailed planning and the direction of the operation system. A list of practical tasks that can be carried out in academia, planning and operation / management to facilitate the revitalization of the use of commercial facilities inside railway stations are as follows: 1) the setting of a wide scope for the revitalization of railway commercial facilities around the railway station focusing on private-funded stations in addition to existing stations; a setup of the direct scope of commercial development in the practical railway operation for passengers and stations in terms of external research, and a corresponding shift in thinking in terms of internal research 2) development of under used spaces such as the transfer area (Gongdeok Seoul Wangsimri Station are first target stations where more than four subway lines intersect) 3) brand establishment through improvement strategies for image and symbolism specialized for railway stations 4) rent of suitable business stores and layout of commercial facilities by analysis of passenger move pattern 5) development of commercial facilities which can attract customers by displaying various products, as well as finding a way to develop them in to a base facility that connects to local infrastructures 6) providing advertisement and management system for continual maintenance, and 7) brand specialization through unique storytelling and design plan that stimulates sensibility. The above study results can be utilized as a starting point for design brand awareness about commercial facilities in railway stations in Korea, which can be developed further to improve station image and passenger convenience, as well as to increase the revenue of railway businesses.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.spc1
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• pp.94-109
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• 1996

Antioxidants of sesame have been reported to cure and prevent various diseases by means of diverse physiological activities, prevention of acidification in organisms, prevention of acidification and decay of lipids, cholesterol depression, preventive effects on chemical breast cancer, skin beauty and senescence inhibition, and so on. Recognizing their significance to health and disease prevention, researchers in Japan and America have given so much importance to study antioxidants in the last decade. In addition, they are actively pursuing studies on production, processing for food use and development of new varieties that have high antioxidant content. Recently, researchers in Korea have shown the same interest and have conducted similar studies, however, the importance of the following basic issues must be recognized to guide in future activites : First, improvement of sesame quality must be done to raise the contents of not only the fat and fatty acid but also sesamin, sesamolin and sesaminol glucoside. For the use of these components it is necessary to study the gentic pattern and individual selections developed from minimum sample size and fast lipid analysis techniques. Second, sesaminol of sesame has a remarkable function in preventing acidification and so sesame can be utilized as a food that prevents or delays aging caused by automatic acidification of fat. Therefore, for maximum medicinal benefit from sesame oil there is a need to develop food materials having new medicinal functions. Third, the sesamin and sesamolin content of sesame germplasms collected in Korea showed lower ranges of $0.04\~0.68$ percent and $0.08\~0.68$ percent respectively, while Japanese germ-plasm showed 1.9 percent maximum content of seasmin. Thus, germplasm collection and analysis of worldwide genetic resources are urgently needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.345-350
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• 2005

Acute toxicities of five pharmaceutical products were evaluated with aquatic microbes, invertebrates, and fish. The test pharmaceuticals, i.e., cimetidine, carbamazepine, diltiazem, acetaminophene, and metformin have been often detected in aquatic environment, but theire cological hazard on receptors of various trophic levels has seldom been evaluated. In the present study, we conducted acute toxicity assays with a marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, an invertebrate, Daphnia magna, and a fish, Japanese medake (Oryzias latipes). In general, D. magna, showed the most sensitive response to the test chemicals. Diltiazem exhibited the lowest EC50 value after 96 hr of exposure at 7.6 mg/L, followed by cimetidine >acetaminophen > metformin = carbamazepine in an order of decreasing susceptibility. With the fish, diltiazem and carbamazepine showed the 96 hr EC50 values at 14.1${\sim}$35.4 mg/L while acetaminophen, cimetidine, and metformin did not cause 50% mortality at 100 mg/L. Similar pattern was noted with the Microtox Assay, with which the median effective concentrations for acetaminophen, cimetidine, and metformin were found at the range between 301.8 and 755.4 mg/L. Carbamazepine and diltiazem exposure to the microbes resulted in EC50 values around 50 mg/L. Predicted no effect concentrations (PECs) of these pharmaceuticals derived from the EC5O values obtained from this study, and predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) obtained from available literatures were utilized to estimate ecological risks of the test compounds. No test pharmaceuticals resulted in risk quotients (PEC/PNEC) greater than 1, which suggests no serious potential ecological concerns. It should be noted however that further studies including the refinement of PEC derivation, identification and toxicity assessment of the metabolites and/or their interactions with other stressors may be warranted to better understand the environmental consequences of the residual pharmaceutical discharge to the waterway.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.91-116
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• 2005

This study intends to investigate the everyday information behavior of Korean residents in Tokyo area. The discussion includes a comparative analysis on the differences between Korean residents in Tokyo and those in Osaka, with an emphasis on the relationships between demographic characteristics and information behaviors of the Two resident areas. Employing survey and interviews methods, it attempts to illustrate some features in their everyday information need and seeking pattern, and to scrutinize major factors influencing their information seeking behavior. In details, the discussion includes (1) the types and characteristics of their everyday concerns and agony (2) the attitudes and methods to meet with such concerns and agony, (3) the types and characteristics of information sources which they prefer to satisfy with their information needs, and finally, (4) the factors which have impacts on their information needs and seeking behavior.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.85-94
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• 1994

A Sensitivity analysis on the model parameters involved in the Clark watershed routing method is made to demonstrate the effect of each parameter on the magnitude of 50-year design flood for small urban streams. As for the rainfall parameter the time distribution pattern of design storm was selected. For short duration storms Huff, Yen & Chow and Japanese Central type distributions were selected and the Mononobe distribution of 24-hour design storm was also selected and tested for Clark method application. The effect of SCS runoff curve number for effective rainfall and the methods of subbasin division for time-area curve were also tested. The routing parameter, i.e. the storage constant(K), was found to be the dominating parameter once design storm is selected. A multiple regression formula for K correlated with the drainage area and main channel slope of the basin is proposed for the use in urban stream practice for the determination of design flood by Clark method.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Objective : This study was carried out with focus on written by Joh, Taek-seung (曺澤承) and Joh, Byeong-who(曺秉矦) in the relation of father and son in 1933. This book is a medical book including rare data, which has never been reported to academic circles all this while. Method : First, this study looked into the authors of this book and its history of publication. Further, this study analyzed the composition and contents of this book. Lastly, this study summed up the meaning of this book from the standpoint of medical history. Result : The authors were Confucian doctors who were active in the latter era of the Joseon Dynasty and also in the period of Japanese colonial rule. They lived in Haenam district of Jeonlanam-do, and cured its neighboring local residents while studying. They published the book of by putting together their own medical experiences. The authors suggested their remedial prescription according to gender and age whereas Zhang Zhongjing(張仲景) suggested the remedial prescription according to Six-Meridian Pattern Identification & Syndrome Differentiation(六經辨證). In addition, the authors of gave weight to the relationship with internal damage. Additionally, the authors not only thought much of the relationship between internal damage and external damage but also thought of the weakness and strength of the healthy qi, and the new and the old of a disease as an important clue to medical treatment. It seems that such contents was influenced by (東醫寶鑑). Conclusion : shows the results of the research on which was spontaneously conducted in Joseon.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.292-304
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• 1993

The east Sea circulation is numerically modeled with refined grid resolution elaborated open boundary condition, and by directly imposing the measured surface temperature and salinity typical the east Korean Warm current are clearer than those in previous works. among others, The Ulleung warm Water and the Intermediate Water of minimum salinity are nicely reproduced. The latter is formed in the northern/northwestern coastal region in winter and is advocated southward by strong under-current. the former is associated with a locally generated anti-cyclonic gyres. The model indicates strong seasonal variation of Nearshore Current along the Japanese coast from wintertime barotropic to summertime baroclinic structures. the associated strong reversed under-cur-rent in summer is not well understood. Global circulation pattern is characterized by two regions of cyclonic and anti-cyclonic gyres in the north and south, respectively. The presence of these gyres indicates importance of local dynamics in East Sea circulation. This model, however, does not completely resolve the problem of overshooting of the East Korean Warm current.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.337-341
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• 2004

Morphological and genetic diversity of thirty nine safflower germplasm were collected and evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Stem length and seeding to flowering days of the safflower germplasm showed $26\~117cm\;and\;76\~179$ days of variation respectively. USA originated germplasm showed higher oil content as $39\%$, but that of Japanese showed lower as $26\%$. PCA made three different cluster groups according to some agronomic characteristics of safflower. Korea originated germplasm showed similar cluster group with that of collected from USA in the PCA of stem length. But in the seeding to flowering days, it showed similar cluster pattern with that of collected from Japan rather than USA. In the experiment of RAPD analysis, total five primers showed polymorphism at the several chromosomal loci. Korea, China Japan and South Central Asia originated germplasm were differently classified with USA and South West Asia originated germplasm with lower similarity coefficient value (0.47). Most of Korea originated germplasm were grouped with South Central Asia originated germplasm with higher similarity coefficient value (0.74) conferring similar genetic background between both of them. China and Japan originated germplasm were dendrogramed with Korea originated germplasm at the 0.65 and 0.50 similarity coefficient values respectively. Some common results were expected from both of PCA and RAPD analysis, but lower genetic heritability caused by relative higher portion of environmental variance and environment by genotype interaction at the expression of those of agronomic characteristics made constraint to find any reliable results.