• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.644-654
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• 2013

This study aims to examine the problems that a museum is typically understood as one of cultural facilities in Korea and this phenomenon has been caused from the continued use of the concept of a museum that the Japanese government-general made and indoctrinated. Furthermore, it aims to suggest a new development way of museums through planning the concept of a museum using the concept of contents. Chapter 2 explains a definition of the museum concept and the process of developing from a facility into an institution in modern times. Chapter 3 examines the Korean administrator's perception of a museum on the basis of the concept of a facility and this state stems from habits indoctrinated during the Japanese colonial period. Lastly, chapter 4 examines recent changes of museum concepts under the influence of globalism, post-modernism and the development of digital technology and suggests a development plan of a futuristic museum through planning the concept of a museum using the contents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.81-91
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• 2013

Social Media has been vitalized according to development of technology, it make the crowd-funding which have a form of new donation culture. The crowd-funding has been known as form that is supported for getting investments of ongoing or new project by much public in area of cultural art. Nowadays it receive attention from the movie content production. There are so many successful case such as , in abroad while it is hard to find distinct case in Korea' the movie content production market. Since the movie <26 years> informed public of 'the crowd-funding', recently was successfully complete first and second fund-raising and third fund-raising is in progress. It is upraised as a representative successful case.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.301-319
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• 2008

The development of Korea in the Northeast through trade is not a matter of choice as far as national strategy is concerned, but is an important national policy that is a matter of life or death which will determine the future fate of Korea. This thesis will attempt to arrive at a general, tangible plan for the development of Korea in the Northeast centered around trade by examining the change in naval environment at home and abroad, the given economic situation in the Northeast, and the present state of essential port development in Korea-China-Japan. Its objective will be to provide strategies for the development of Busan port confrontation. For the last ten years, China has been growing at a rapid rate. Since a lot of the volume of naval trade is being transferred from Korea to China, we must do everything we can to improve the service and reduce cost. In addition, Japan also is losing international position. Japan's government and the private industry are trying to make Super Core Ports a prominent feature of their port system. If the Busan port system is to remain competitive, these aspects of the Japanese port system must be kept in mind to prevent trade from going to other ports with more competitive systems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.234-245
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• 2019

In this paper, I examined the representation of post-colonialism focusing on the spaces in Modern Boy and Assassination. These movies represented Bon-jung and Jong-no as a mixed-residence quarter, over the dual city theory, the orthodoxy of geography. It can be interpreted as the birth of a hybrid subject in post-colonialism. The representation of Bon-jong in Modern Boy was centered around Mitsukoshi Department Rooftop Garden, Namsan Music Center and Myeongdong Cathedral. The representation of Bon-jung in Assassination was centered around Anemone Cafe and Mitsukoshi Department Store. Set in the history of the new building the Japanese Government General of Korea in Jong-no, Modern Boy used it as a place of struggle. The representation of Jong-no in Assassination was centered around the mansion of Kang In-kuk, a pro-Japanese collaborator. Modern Boy and Assassination showed the post-colonialism that breaks through modern binary oppositions by a 'female' national heroine. describing Bon-jung as both a mixed-residence quarter and the original home of post-colonialism movement, they also showed a different aspect from the existing Kyung-sung representations.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.9
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• pp.3-40
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• 2004

In this article, the elements usually included in the official documents issued by the Chosun Governor General office, the process of a certain document being put together and legally authorized, and its path of circulation and preservation are all examined. In order to create an official document of the Governor General office with legal authorization, a draft of a bill had to go through several discussions and a subsequent agreement before it was finally approved. Personnels involved in the discussion stage had the authority to ask for modifications and retouching of the draft, and the modifying process were all recorded in order to make clear who was responsible for a certain change or who objected to what at any given stage of the process. The approved version of an official document was called the 'Completed one(成案), and it was issued after the contents were turned into a fair copy by the office that originated the draft in the first place. With the original finalized version left in custody of that office, the fair copy was handed over to the Document department which was responsible for issuing outgoing documents. After the document was issued and the contained orders were carried out, the originally involved offices began to classify the documents according to their own standards and measures for safekeeping, but it was the Document department that was mainly responsible for document preservation. The Document department classified the documents according to related offices, nature of the documents(편찬류별), and most suitable preservation methods(보존종별). The documents were made into books, and documents to be permanently destroyed were handed over to the Account office where they would be demolished. The manners of document processing of the Chosun Governor General office was in fact a modified version of the manners of the Japanese government. Modifications were made so that the process would be more suitable to the situations and environment of the Chosun society. The office's managing process was inherited by the Chosun government after the Liberation, and cast a significant impact upon the document managing manners of the Korean authorities. The official document administration of the Chosun Governor General office marked both the beginning of the colony document administration, and also the beginning of a modernized document managing system.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.100
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• pp.22-49
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• 2021

Bowonsa Temple (普願寺) is located to the north of Gayasan Mountain in Unsan-myeon, Seosan-si, Chungcheongnam-do Province. The cultural properties it enshrines were produced during the late Unified Silla and early Goryeo periods, and include an Iron Seated Buddha. The Japanese Government-General of Korea Museum planned a survey on historical remains in Chungcheongnam-do Province during the early Japanese colonial era, and a field survey was conducted at the Bowonsa Temple site in 1916 (Taishō 5). During this survey, the sculpture of the Iron Seated Buddha (knee: width 212 cm x thickness 167 cm) was found enshrined in a hut. The sculpture was moved to Gyeongbokgung Palace in the following year. However, it is clear that the colossal Iron Seated Buddha was being housed at the Bowonsa Temple site at the start of the Japanese colonial era. This Iron Seated Buddha is presumed to have been produced in 955 by State Preceptor Beopin Tanmun (法印國師 坦文, 900-975). Tanmun was born into an influential family that produced many high officials. He became a leading figure in the Hwaeom (Flower Garland) school of Buddhism under the patronage of King Taejo. He also led Buddhist events at the Goryeo royal court during the reigns of King Hyejong (惠宗, r. 943-945) and King Jeongjong (定宗, r. 945-949). With the emergence of Gyunyeo (均如, 923-973), who was sponsored by Queen Daemok (大穆王后, dates unknown) of the Hwangbo clan (皇甫氏), Tanmun was transferred to Bowonsa Temple far from Kaesong. However, even while there Tanmun strengthened his ties with his supporters under the patronage of the Chungju Yu clan. He appears to have produced this colossal sculpture of Iron Seated Buddha as a prayer for longevity and a happy life for King Gwangjong (光宗, r. 949-975). The inscription on the Stele of State Preceptor Beopin at Bowonsa Temple Site that reads "[I] created a Buddha triad in gold" also suggests the Iron Seated Buddha was produced at Bowonsa Temple. This Iron Seated Buddha is thought to have been enshrined originally in a hall at Building Site No. 3 within the Bowonsa Temple precinct. Since excavations at the temple site have revealed that the temple's main hall was erected in the Joseon period, the Iron Seated Buddha might have been enshrined in a different hall at the time of its creation. It is likely that the sculpture was placed in a hall at Building Site No. 3 since Goryeo-era roof tiles and porcelain have been frequently excavated there and the remains of a square Buddhist altar have survived at the site. At the time of its creation, the Iron Seated Buddha was likely enshrined in a Goryeo-era hall at Building Site No. 3 but was transferred to the main hall during a rebuilding project undertaken at Bowonsa Temple in the Joseon period.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

This study is the purpose of plan principle establishment of the class room for individualization, oriented information of education and various teaching, learning activity. Since the 1990's, school facilities also need to change the educational environment. The 1990's is the time to prepare for the change such as individualization, an information-oriented society, the world-oriented society. Open education is the new form of school and needs the change that individualization diversification, oriented information. For above the reasons, in order to satisfy the demand of change of the new educational environment deviating from uniform education of the past environment improvement of both school education and studying facilities is the emergency theme. The process of education of Korea studies the character that before modem times after modem times under the Japanese rule. The process of change of act in relation to education process and facilities of Korea arranges and studies after establishing government. The plan principle synthesize and analyses school building refering to plan standard and principle of books of various architecture plan, is general classroom in the educational process of the elementary schools.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

The Agricultural Experimental Organizations[勸業模範場] in Suwon is Korea's first agricultural promotion facility. It was founded in 1906. This study aim to find the area and spatial composition of 勸業模範場. The results are as follows. When it founded, the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was operated centering on the main hall, and then since the pillage of national sovereignty in 1910, it was moved to the jurisdiction of the Japanese Government General of Korea and operated with the addition of the agricultural/forestry school. In 1913, the reductive egg production/distribution was moved from Yongsan branch to Suwon, and reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office were installed in Suwon. It is supposed that at the time, the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was divided into the main hall-centered area, the Suwon agricultural/forestry school at the south side, and the reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office even more down south. Since 1920, the agricultural/forestry school came out of the jurisdiction of the Agricultural Experimental Organizations, such that the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was left with only the main hall-centered area and the area with the reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office. In this study, these two areas are referred to as 'the main hall area' and 'the sericulture area.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.162-178
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• 2024

Swans are representative migratory birds that spend winter in East Asia, and have long been considered rare birds. In particular, they were regarded as king of Japan. The process of designating a natural monument in Hapcheon Swan Sanctuary is an interesting story. In this study, the designation and release process of Hapcheon Swan Sancturay ((Bakgok-ji, Yongju-myeon 龍州面 朴谷池), (Jeongyang-ji, Daeyang-myeon 大陽面 正陽池), Gaho, Cheongdeok-myeon 淸德面 嘉湖)) Natural Monument, was examined. These places were designated as a natural monument on August 27, 1934, during the Japanese colonial period, and was lifted on August 14, 1973, after the Cultural Protection Act was enacted after liberation. From the beginning of the new year in 1929, the Japanese Government-General of Korea (朝鮮總督府) decided to capture swans alive to give to the king of Japan. An official of the Japanese Government-General of Korea (統監) decided to offer swans to the king during his New Year's greeting visit. The department in charge of capturing swans was the Gyeongsangnam-do Provincial Police Department, and the execution was the police station of each county (郡). The reason is believed to be that it is easy to forcibly mobilize, control, or urge people, and the capture activity had to be completed as soon as possible. A total of three swans were captured in Hapcheon-gun from January 12 to 14, 1929. At that time, various newspapers published related information. Based on these facts and experiences, it is estimated that the Hapcheon area was selected when designating a natural monument in 1934. Hapcheon Swan Sancturay, Natural Monument lost its function due to excessive human interference of various developments, illegal capture, and use of poison to catch swans. Their number has also significantly decreased. It was thus removed from the natural monument in 1973. One of the three swan sanctuaries (Gaho 嘉湖) has been completely reclaimed, one (Bakgok-ji 朴谷池) has almost no migratory birds due to the conversion of wetlands, and one (Jeongyang-ji 正陽池) has swans flying back. In the case of Jeongyangji (正陽池), It is an encouraging sign that many swans fly as the surrounding environment and growing conditions change. This phenomenon is interpreted to mean that nature and climate are recovering and healing.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.96
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• pp.209-223
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• 2019

The Iron Seated Buddha sculpture in the National Museum of Korea had long sat unregistered in storage at the museum. However, a new accession number "bon9976" has recently been assigned to it. This sculpture was excavated from the neighborhood of Heungnyongsa Temple in Baekun-ri, Yidong-myeon, Pocheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do Province together with another Iron Seated Buddha sculpture(bon9975) called "Iron Buddha from Pocheon." A comparison and examination of Gelatin Dry Plate and official documents from the Joseon Government-General Museum during the Japanese occupation period have revealed that these two Iron Buddha sculptures were transferred to the Museum of the Government-General of Korea on December 17, 1925. The Iron Seated Buddha sculpture(bon9976) has a height of 105 centimeters, width at the shoulders of 57 centimeters, and width at the knee of 77 centimeters. The Buddha is wearing a robe with rippling drapery folds and the right shoulder exposed. He is seated in the position called gilsangjwa(the seat of good fortune) in which the left foot is placed over the right thigh. The features of the Buddha's oval face are prominently sculpted. The voluminous cheeks, eye sockets in a large oval shape, slanted eyes, short nose, and plump lips can also be found in other ninth-century Iron Seated Buddha sculptures at Silsangsa Temple in Namwon, Jeollanam-do Province, Hancheonsa Temple in Yecheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, and Samhwasa Temple in Donghae-si, Gangwon-do Province. Moreover, its crossed legs, robe exposing the right shoulder, and rippling drapery folds suggest that this sculpture might have been modeled after the main Buddha sculpture of the Seokguram Grotto from the eighth century. The identity of this Iron Seated Buddha can be determined using the Gelatin Dry Plate(M442-2, M442-7). In them, the Buddha has its right palm facing upwards and holds a medicine jar on its left palm. Until now, the Iron Seated Bhaiṣajyagura(Medicine) Buddha(bon1970) excavated from Wonju has been considered the sole example of an iron Medicine Buddha sculpture. However, this newly registered Iron Seated Buddha turns out to be a Medicine Buddha holding a medicine jar. Furthermore, it serves as valuable material since traces of gilding and lacquering clearly remain on its surface. This Iron Seated Buddha sculpture (bon9976) is presumed to have been produced around the ninth century under the influence of Esoteric Buddhism by the Monk Doseon(827~898), a disciple of the Monk Hyecheol, to protect the temple and help the country overcome geographical shortcomings. According to the records stored at Naewonsa Temple(later Heungnyongsa Temple), Doseon selected three significant sites, including Baegunsan Mountain, built "protector" temples, created the Bhaisajyagura Buddha triad, and enshrined them at the temples. Moreover, the inscription on the stele on the restoration of Seonamsa Temple states that Doseon constructed temples and produced iron Buddha sculptures to help the country surmount certain geographical shortcomings. Heungnyongsa Temple is located in Dopyeong-ri, Yidong-myeon, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do Province. This region appears to have been related to rituals directed to the Medicine Buddha since Yaksa Temple(literally, "the temple of medicine") was built here during the Goryeo Dynasty, and the Yaksa Temple site with its three-story stone pagoda and Yaksadong Valley still exist in Dopyeong-ri.