• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Objective: This study is aimed to investigate the anti-tumor metastasis by innate immunomodulating effects of crude polysaccharide isolated from Polygonati Rhizoma (CP-PR) on 4T1 breast cancer cells. Methods: CP-PR was isolated from Polygonati Rhizoma. Antimetastatic experiments were conducted in vivo mouse model by using 4T1 breast cancer cells. The cell viability of CP-PR was tested with normal spleen and 4T1 breast cancer cells. To observe the activation of macrophages with/without 4T1 breast cancer cells, production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and IL-12 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. In addition, the lysis of YAC-1 cells and the production of granzymes were measured to observe the activation of natural killer (NK) cell. Results: Intravenous administration of CP-PR significantly inhibited metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer cells. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, CP-PR affected the growth of normal spleen and 4T1 breast cancer cells above specific concentration. The production of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 were significantly increased in macrophages with CP-PR. As compared with control, CP-PR showed significantly higher production of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-10 and IL-12 in macrophages co-cultured with 4T1 breast cancer cells. The lysis of YAC-1 cells and the production of granzymes were significantly up regulated by CP-PR. Conclusion: CP-PR appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by activation of innate immune system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2018

우리나라는 전체 국토의 약 70%가 산악지형으로 이루어져 있고 연중 강우가 6월에서 9월에 집중되는 기후적 특성을 가지고 있다. 최근 기후변화의 영향까지 더해지면서 시간당 300mm 이상의 집중호우를 보이는 이상강우가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 대부분의 도시지역은 하천을 중심으로 발달되어 있어 인구 및 사회기반시설의 집약정도가 매우 높고 하천변 저지대 지역에 주거 및 상업시설이 밀집되어 있다. 기후적 지역적 특성으로 인한 홍수피해를 미연에 방지하고 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 치수 중심의 수자원 관리를 위해 노력하고 있다. 하지만 우리나라의 하천관리는 시기별 하천 수량의 급격한 변동으로 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 어려움을 극복하고 효율적인 수자원 관리 및 홍수피해 저감을 위해 수계를 중심으로 20개의 다목적댐을 건설하여 운영 관리 중에 있다. 특히, 홍수기 시 댐 운영은 예상 강우에 따라 적절한 예비방류와 강우 시 효율적인 댐 운영계획이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 강우가 집중되는 홍수기 댐 운영 시에 예상 강우량에 따라 댐 유역 내 유량 증가에 기여하는 정도를 예측할 수 있는 유출율 예측 회귀식을 개발하였다. 유출율은 강우와 유출량의 비로 지역특성, 강우특성, 관개여부, 선행강우량, 강우이동 방향 등 다양한 요인에 의해 복잡한 메케니즘을 갖는다. 단순히 예상되는 총강우량에 따른 유출율 만으로 상호관계를 정의하기가 쉽지 않기 때문에 한국수자원공사에서 개발한 댐군 홍수조절 연계운영시스템(COSFIM)인 수문학적 연계운영모형을 활용하였다. 최근 10년간 홍수기에 발생한 강우사상별 시간단위의 수문자료(총강우량, 기저유량, 유출율, 무강우일수, 강우지속시간 등) 분석을 실시하였다. COSFIM 모형을 통한 결과를 토대로 고려항목 간 교차검증을 통해 사분위수범위의 이상치 경계를 설정하고 상관분석 결과에 따라 0.5 이상의 상관성이 높은 항목을 활용하여 예측 강우량에 따른 유출율 예측 회귀식을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 예측 강우에 따른 유출율 예측 산정식은 댐 유역에 예상되는 강우량에 대하여 하천의 유량 증가 예측 정도를 정량적으로 제시할 수 있으며, 실제 홍수기 댐 운영 시 예상 강우량에 따라 신속하고 적절한 수문 방류 계획 수립에서 용이하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.473-479
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the storage stability of liquid stick packs containing concentrated and steam-dried ginseng berry. Storage stability of liquid stick packs was determined during storage at 10, 25 and $35^{\circ}C$ for 4 months. The pH was decreased from 4.81 to 3.81 after 4 months at $35^{\circ}C$ while the acidity and solubility were not changed during storage of 4 months. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was decreased during storage at $35^{\circ}C$ after 4 months. The Hunter L and yellowness (b) values decreased while the redness (a) was not changed during storage after 2 or 3 months. The total amount of six ginsenosides including Rg1, Rb1, F2, Rg3(S), Rg3(R), and Rg5 was not changed after storage of 4 months at 10 and $25^{\circ}C$. Neither bacteria nor coliforms were not detected during storage of 4 months. Considering quality parameters, significant changes were observed in color parameters L and b, while all others remained unchanged during 4 months stored at 10 and $25^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.132-143
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on Korean medical research and treatment through analysis of breast cancer patients, who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university Korean medicine hospital. Methods: To analyze characteristics of breast cancer patients who visited korean medicine hospital, we searched medical records from January 1, 2016 to May 13, 2019, and 86 breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results: 1. The general characteristics of the subjects are as follows. The average age was $47.65{\pm}9.62years$ and 40's was the most (46.51%). The average height was $159.78{\pm}4.91cm$ and the average weight was $57.29{\pm}9.34kg$. The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was $22.40{\pm}3.50kg/m^2$. 2. The stage distribution record indicated stage０ (9.72%), stageI (31.94%), stageII (34.72%), stageIII (20.83%) and stageIV (2.78%). 14 patients with unknown stage were excluded. 3. Before coming to the korean medicine hospital, of the 86 patients, 72 (83.72%) patients received surgical therapy, 55 (63.95%) patients received chemotherapy and 44 (51.16%) patients received radiotherapy. 11 (12.79%) patients chose oriental medicine as their primary treatment option. 4. The mean duration from diagnosis to hospital visit was $13.87{\pm}15.53months$. Among the total 86 patients, 46 (53.49%) patients visited for symptom relief during the follow-up period. 5. The most common symptom was general weakness in 29 (33.72%) patients, followed by hot flash, myalgia, insomnia, digestion disorder, numbness, edema, arthralgia, operation site pain, cold sensation and mastalgia. 6. Among 86 patients, 55 (63.95%) patients received acupuncture and moxibustion together. The most prescribed herbal medicine to subjects was Sibjeondaebo-tang-gamibang and Cheonhye-dan (25%). Conclusions: These results could be helpful to provide basic data on the Korean medical approach of breast cancer patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2002

Objectives: To compare the body composition of the postpartal female weight-gained over the recommended during pregnancy with that of normal female with same age. female diagnosed as obesity and postpartal female weight-gained within the recommended during pregnancy. Methods: From Apr. 1. 2001 to Feb. 28. 2002, there were 745 delivery in Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kyung-Hee Medical Center. 32 mothers of them wanted to be investigated about the weight gain during their pregnancy. We excluded 12 persons who had gained within the recommended weight$(15{\beta}{\prod})$ and had diagnosed as the diseases inducing pathologic edema, preeclamsia. gestational heart or renal diseases, for example. In 2 days after delivery(nomal) or 5 days after(Caesarean section) we analysed the body composition of 20 persons. Results: 1. Compared with normal female, body weight, body mass index and body fat of the women gained over the recommended were increased and there made alternation to the increase of the percentage of body fat or the decrease of the percentage of lean body mass. 2. Compared with obese women who had same body mass index, the women gained over the recommended showed a little increase of body fluid, protein and mineral, but had a little decrease of the percentage of body fat. 3. The percentages of body fat increased with the women gained over the recommended, the women gained within the recommended and the obese women in order. This could imply the relation between the pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and the obesity. 4. The weights before pregnancy were same in the women gained over the recommended and the women gained within the recommended. But the weights just after delivery kept the gap happened during pregnancy between them and its main cause was the increase of body fat. Conclusions : The women gained over the recommended during pregnancy experienced the chage of body composition and its main cause was the increase of body fat. So compared with the women gained within the recommende, postpartal obesity more frequently could happen.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2015

Objectives: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a diagnostic tool for assessing the function of the autonomic nervous system. Although studies on the HRV characteristics of the cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet have been done, no study has compared HRV characteristics of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients to that of normal Korean women. For this reason, this study compared the HRV characteristics of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients and normal Korean women. Methods: We studied 130 cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients who visited Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from 01 March 2011 to 11 August 2013. We measured HRV of Each patient. Patients are divided into under 29 years old, 30~39 years old, 40~49 years old and over 50 years old with age. Patient's HRV results are compared to that of normal Korean women in each age group. Results: In each age group, cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients' LF/HF was statistically lower than that of normal Korean women. Conclusions: HRV characteristics and symptoms of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet is similar to that of cold induced vasodilation (CIVD). So, cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet can be considered as abnormal condition that CIVD is continued. More studies on measuring of blood flow of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients are necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the anti-tumor metastasis by anti-inflammatory and innate immunomodulating effects of extracts of Jipae-san on cancer cells. Methods: Antimetastatic experiments were conducted in vivo mouse model by using 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Cell viability of Jipae-san was tested with 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells, colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cells and macrophage. In addition expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO induced by LPS was measured after treating with Jipae-san. To observe innate immunomodulating effects of Jipae-san on macrophage, we measured $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-12, IL-6 and MCP-1, respectively. Cell cytotoxicity was tested with the macrophage stimulated with Jipae-san and we evaluated the activation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO. And the effect of Jipae-san on metastasis was measured without NK-cell using GM1 serum. Results: Intravenous inoculation of Jipae-san significantly inhibited metastasis of 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, cell growth are closer to 100% less than $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO induced by LPS after treating Jipae-san was down regulated in dose-dependent manner. Level of cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-12, IL-6 and MCP-1 of Jipae-san group were up regulated in compared to the control group. The macrophage stimulated with Jipae-san significantly inhibits the cancer cell at ratio of 10:1, 20:1. The activation of NO was significantly up regualted in a group of 5:1, 10:1, 20:1. The depletion of NK-cells by anti-asialo GM1 serum partly abolished the inhibitory effect of Jipae-san on tumor metastasis. Conclusions: Jipae-san appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by inflammation control and activation of innate immune system.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.66-78
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between vasomotor symptoms with upper-lower body temperature differences, and to identify Kidney Deficiency pattern (腎虛證) in menopausal women. Methods: 51 women who visited Kangnam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital from July to December, 2013 were analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 30 patients reported with vasomotor symptoms (Vasomotor symptom group, VG), while the control group consisted of 21 patients without vasomotor symptoms (Control group, CG). According to their chief complaints, VG was further divided into VHG (vasomotor-hot flash group) and VCG (vasomotor-cold hypersensitivity group). The temperature differences between upper and lower body part (CV17-CV4), proximal and distal extremity part (LU4-HT8, ST32-LR3) were checked. All patients reported other complaints such as headache, sweating, anxiety, dyspepsia, leukorrhea, which belong to Kidney Yang Deficiency pattern (腎陽虛證) or Kidney Yin Deficiency pattern (腎陰虛證). The relationship between vasomotor symptom and repetition rate of additional complaints were analyzed. Results: Statistical analysis showed that lower abdomen temperature of experimental group was lower than the control group. Temperature differences of upper and lower body (CV17-CV4) was significantly larger in vasomotor symptom group. VHG had more symptoms of sweating, chest discomfort, constipation, which belong to Kidney Yang Deficiency pattern group. VCG had more symptoms of leukorrhea, diarrhea, and dyspepsia, which belong to Kidney Yin Deficiency pattern group. Conclusions: Climacteric women who suffered from vasomotor symptoms showed lower temperature tendency in [CV4], larger temperature differences in [CV17-CV4] compared to the control group. Among them, VHG showed more symptoms of Kidney Yin Deficiency pattern, whereas VCG showed more symptoms of Kidney Yang Deficiency pattern.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.28-40
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the satisfaction and features of patient groups treated with KMST. Methods: From December 4th 2013 to May 8th 2014, 94 outpatients and 37 inpatients were treated with KMST, and we analyzed their medical records and satisfaction level questionnaires. Results: Mean age of total inpatients and OB&GY inpatients, total outpatients and OB&GY outpatients treated with KMST was $50.84{\pm}9.72$ years, $46.86{\pm}8.43$ years, $44.39{\pm}12.16$ years and $44.01{\pm}11.20$ years respectively. Mean value of treatment numbers per person of each group was 14.70 times, 14.58 times, 3.29 times and 3.41 times respectively. Mean interval between treatments per person of each group was 1.32 days, 1.23 days, 10.90 days and 11.62 days each. Chief complaints of OB&GY inpatients in the order of frequency were lower abdominal pain, dyspepsia and vaginal discharge. As for OB&GY outpatients, they were cold hypersensitivity, vaginal discharge, dyspepsia and infertility. The satisfaction level questionnaires for KMST showed a mean value of $7.98{\pm}1.82$ out of 10-point scale in 6 multiple-choice questions. Conclusions: Most of the patients treated with KMST were female. Pain, dyspepsia and cold hypersensitivity, vaginal discharge were frequent chief complaints in OB&GY inpatients and outpatients group each. It was found that overall satisfaction level of patients treated with KMST was high and there was no reported side effect.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine whether the 9 herbal complex induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and adriamycin-resistant MCF7/adR cells. Ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang (BBTE) and acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng (GIN) induced cell death in both MCF-7 and MCF7/adR cells. Ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang and acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng also induced $G_2/M$ cell cycle arrest and increased TUNEL positive cells in MCF7/adR cells. In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed the decreased expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang and acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng treated MCF7/adR cells. Similarly, decreased protein levels of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance associated proteins-1 were also determined by immunocytometry in ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang treated MCF7/adR cells. Taken together these data indicate that ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang and acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng inhibit the function of ABC transporters such as multi drug resistance associated proteins (MRPs) and P-glycoprotein as well as induce apoptosis in MCF7/adR cells. Thus, these data suggest that ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang and polysaccharide of Red Ginseng can be candidates for the treatment of multidrug-resistant MCF7/adR cells.