• Educational Technology International
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-181
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• 2022

Scale scores for cognitive domains have been used as an important indicator for both academic achievement and clinical diagnosis. For example, in education, Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) has been used to measure student's capability in academic learning. In a clinical setting, Cognitive Impairment Screening Test utilizes items measuring cognitive ability as a dementia screening test. We demonstrated a procedure of generating cognitive ability test items similar as in CogAT but the theory associated with the generation is totally different. When creating cognitive test items, we applied automatic item generation (AIG) that reduces errors in predictions of cognitive ability but attains higher reliability. We selected two cognitive ability test items, categorized as a time estimation item for measuring quantitative reasoning and a paper-folding item for measuring visualization. As CogAT has widely used as a cognitive measurement test, developing an AIG-based cognitive test items will greatly contribute to education field. Since CLASS is the only LMS including AIG technology, we used it for the AIG software to construct item models. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the item generation process using AIG implemented within CLASS, along with proving quantitative and qualitative strengths of AIG. In result, we confirmed that more than 10,000 items could be made by a single item model in the quantitative aspect and the validity of items could be assured by the procedure based on ECD and AE in the qualitative aspect. This reliable item generation process based on item models would be the key of developing accurate cognitive measurement tests.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.702-712
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to develop Casual Hanbok design made of Hanji yarn textiles for New Silver generation women. The New silver generation is a coined word which has meaning of a newly silver generation and it is distinguished from pre-silver generation. New silver generation is a generation that is independent and given active role by their age groups and generational characteristic. The concept of silver generation was introduced from maturity market in Japan. This study was based on analysis about their preference of forms, colors, and materials of Casual Hanbok. The survey target were 270 female over age 50 living in Daejeon City. The analysis methods used frequency and percentage. The results were summarized as following. Although almost of them haven't worn Casual Hanbok, they had the positive recognition on wearing one. They preferred longer length jacket to traditional Korean style, shorter length of skirt. They also preferred the traditional sleeve shape and knotted buttons. On the foundation of this fact, 2 styles consist of 5 Casual Hanbok design items made of functional material - Hanji yarn textiles that have antimicrobial, deodorant, quick drying, far infrared radiation which are not harmful to health - for New silver women were suggested. One style was 3 items - blouse, vest, skirt - which are the sense of Korean tradition with activity by patch. The other was 2 items - jacket and skirt - which are the sense of Korean tradition with modern way by quilting. Lastly, these garments were evaluated by 13 experts, they were satisfied with 2 styles and all items. As this study were based on the Elderly women living in Daejeon city, it had the limitation on applying of preference styles to all the New silver generation.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a practical cut generation method based on the Chvatal-Gomory procedure for the (0, 1)-Knapsack problem with a variable capacity. For a given set N of n items each of which has a positive integral weight and a facility of positive integral capacity, a feasible solution of the problem is defined as a subset S of N along with the number of facilities that can satisfy the sum of weights of all the items in S. We first derive a class of valid inequalities for the problem using Chvatal-Gomory procedure, then analyze the associated separation problem. Based on the results, we develop an affective cut generation method. We then analyze the theoretical strength of the inequalities which can be generated by the proposed cut generation method. Preliminary computational results are also presented which show the effectiveness of the proposed cut generation method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.915-932
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• 2022

According to the Personal Information Protection Act and Pseudonymization Guidelines, the mapping is processed to the hash value of the combination key generation items including Salt value when different combination applicants wish to combine. Example of combination key generation items may include personal information like name, phone number, date of birth, address, and so on. Also, due to the properties of the hash functions, when different applicants store their items in exactly the same form, the combination can proceed without any problems. However, this method is vulnerable to combination in scenarios such as address changing and renaming, which occur due to different database update times of combination applicants. Therefore, we propose a privacy preserving combination key generation scheme robust to updates of items used to generate combination key even in scenarios such as address changing and renaming, based on the thresholds through probabilistic record linkage, and it can contribute to the development of domestic Big Data and Artificial Intelligence business.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2021

Objectives: In an aging society, the demand for dental medical institutions among the elderly is increasing. There will be an increased demand for high-quality oral health services. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing attitudes toward the elderly of Generation Z dental hygiene students. Methods: The participants in this study were 198 dental hygiene students. The survey was conducted from June 1 to 30, 2020, using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of knowledge (24 items), attitude (20 items), and experience (11 items) of the elderly. The collection data were compared and analyzed using analysis of variance and multiple regression. Results: Factors influencing attitudes toward the elderly of dental hygiene students appeared positive in those with a lot of experience and higher knowledge of social area, in case of one grade. However, the attitude toward the elderly appears negative in those with a low knowledge of physical area. Conclusions: In order to improve Generation Z dental hygiene students' attitudes towards the elderly, it is necessary to develop a course related to the elderly and a program related to high-quality elderly contact experience opportunities. Socially, it is necessary to promote healthy elderly life through internet broadcasting and YouTube.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.31-49
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• 2003

The Purpose of this research is to examine and contrast the cultural characteristics of the street fashion in new generations of Korea and Japan. We also intended to help clothing companies understand the current trend in this new generation. As the method for street fashion analysis. various literature, internet information and new media materials were utilized. Key observations obtained are as following First, they pursue a complex image. New generations seem to admix images from different areas to create a synthetic image, rather than adopting a single image; Second, practicality is an important factor. They Pursue a sense of their own unique trend: Third, distinction. The difference in society values between Koreans and Japanese is incorporated. The Korean new generation considers the traditional moral principles as important social values. In contrast the Japanese new generation is greatly influenced by the open sexuality culture ; Fourth. public ownership and sharing of the culture. There is a gradual deviation from a dominating unidirectional influence from one country on another. Now the two countries are influencing each other ; Fifth, sense. There are numerous fashion items and generalized total coordination. New generations express more active and creative fashion sense in those fashion items.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.818-828
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction scale for Korean adolescents. Methods: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. The participants were 577 adolescents in two middle schools and three high schools. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency were used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 3 factors explaining 55.45% of total variance. The factors were labeled as withdrawal/tolerance (7 items), life dysfunction (6 items), and compulsion/persistence (7 items). The scores for the scale were significantly correlated with self-control, impulsiveness, and cell phone use. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 20 items was .92. Scale scores identified students as cell phone addicted, heavy users, or average users. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that the cell phone addiction scale has good validity and reliability when used with Korean adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2010

To maximize effectiveness of standardization activities, it is essential to set priorities for determined standardization work items in the next generation internet protocol television (NG-IPTV) technologies. In this study, the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is employed and applied to ranking of NG-IPTV standardization work items as a multi-criteria decision making tool which involves comprehensive surveys. Survey results are analyzed and we identified a useful three level segmentation of standardization strategic plan which shows standardization work item priorities.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

This study provides the basic data for clothing construction of teen girls by researching and analyzing the characteristics of physical changes of tween generation school girls between 8 to 14 age. Fifty eight items of direct measurements and 61 calculated-items based on the 6th Korean National Physical Standard Reports were used. Results were obtained by using ANOVA, SNK test, coefficient of variation and growth rate of age groups. Significant differences were found among all the age groups, and were in the increasing order of height > length > width > depth > circumference. The growth rate was found in the increasing order of bust depth > hip width > N.P. to B.P. > hip circumference > bust circumference and thigh circumference. There were dramatic increases in height, circumference and width during the age of 8~9 and 10~11, in length during age of 10~11, and in depth during age of 8~11. The growth of the vertical measurement items is slowing at the age of 13. The individual differences were great in the vertical measurements at the age of 8 and 9 and in the horizontal measurements, at the age of 10. The increasing growth of bust and hip than waist gave it a curved shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.902-912
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• 2010

This study compares and contrasts the consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) of South Korean and American Generation Y females. A total of 117 American female and 206 Korean female consumers completed self-report survey questionnaires to assess their consumer decision making styles. Exploratory principal components factor analysis using varimax rotation was used to categorize the items into an underlying set of American and Korean decision-making characteristics. Two-tailed independent t-tests were conducted to examine the differences between the two groups when items appeared to have common factors. Factor analysis identified five common factors between the two samples (i.e., enjoyment, shopping aversion, price consciousness, brand consciousness, and quality consciousness). The t-test results report significant differences in the items reported in each factor between American and Korean females. Some of the factors are more indicative of American female Generation Y consumers than Korean female Generation Y consumers. For example, the American female sample seemed to enjoy shopping and prefer brand names more than the female Korean sample. Koreans females seem to have a higher aversion to shopping than Americans; in addition, Koreans females seem to be more accepting of discount and outlet stores, will wait until the price is low before buying a product, and prefer sales when shopping. Based on the findings, the instrument identified varying CDMS between the two samples used. Previous studies using the Sproles and Kendall (1986) instrument experienced the same issue (Bakewell & Mitchell, 2004, 2006; Bauer et al., 2006; Durvasula et al., 1996; Fan & Xiao, 1998; Hanzaee & Aghasibeig, 2008; Mitchell & Walsh, 2004; Siu et al., 2001; Walsh et al., 2001). The results support the idea that no single instrument can be used to examine CDMS in different cultures. This suggests that each country has a CDMS with internal characteristics. Limitations and research for future studies are also discusse.