• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1088-1099
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• 2004

This study looked into the features of the consumers who positively reuse the clothing through their actual exchanges at second-hand clothing stores. The findings indicate that it shows the features of the consumers who perform the environmental activities by treating the clothing to be actually left unused, in an environmentally-friendly way, and that it may present the programs that will be able to create more consumers on the basis of its findings. The study used the questionnaire method, and the subjects were selected among those who have the experience of buying the second-hand clothing. The findings are as follows. 1. The major users of Green stores were found to be many among the females in their forties by the age, with 2 million Won or more by the income, of the graduates of high school or higher by the educational background, or of the housekeepers with children by the job. 2. The practices for the Green store utilization showed the highest ratios in one or two times of uses a month, one to four pieces of purchases a month, female clothing by the article, or trousers by the purchasing item. 3. As for the level of satisfaction after the clothing purchase at green stores, 70 percent of the respondents were satisfied, and the high ratios were seen with "the price was very low" or "since it seemed to support the environmental issues" by the reason for the satisfaction. 4. The findings on the clothing attitudes by the green store users showed fashion and social status symbol (factor 1), feminine modesty (factor 2), convenience (factor 3), alignment (factor 4), and economy (factor 5).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.582-597
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to translate the Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS) into Korean and to evaluate its reliability and validity in the Korean context. Methods: Data were collected from 350 women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF). Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 25.0 and AMOS 22.0. Content validity was analyzed using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index/averaging (S-CVI/Ave). The preliminary survey was conducted on 20 women who had experienced IVF at least once to check the level of understanding of the tool and the time required to fill out the questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test construct validity. Additionally, hypothesis-testing construct validity were tested. Cronbach's α was used to assess the reliability. Results: The Korean-ISS (K-ISS) consists of 25 items, excluding two items from the original ISS questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors, which explained 75.6% of the total variance. The four distinct factors were infertility stigma with self-devaluation (56.8%), public stigma (8.1%), social withdrawal (6.5%), and family stigma (4.2%). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the 25 items in the four-factor structure were validated (χ² /df ≤ 3, RMSEA ≤ 10). The hypothesis-testing construct validity of K-ISS against FPI (r = .58~.71, p < .001) and FQI (r = - .49~- .65, p < .001) was tested and found to be significant. The internal consistency reliability of the K-ISS, assessed using Cronbach's α, was .97. Conclusion: The K-ISS has satisfactory construct validity and reliability; therefore, it can help minimize the negative impact of stigma by measuring the stigma associated with women experiencing infertility.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.435-444
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• 2019

This study is based on the premise that a garden space is a place that not only requires physical labor but also encourages conversation in the gardening group. We suggest the use of urban gardens as a place to revitalize local communities by promoting people to participate in various event programs. Through the theoretical study, we set the requirements that can be applied to "urban garden events". We developed measurement items and scales to be used as variables of each construction concept. Our survey was conducted on adults aged 19 and above who visited the 8th Korean Urban Agriculture Expo. Out of total 310 copies of the distributed questionnaire, only 298 effective samples were used in the empirical analysis. We can assume that people want to revitalize local communities based on the fact that 71 (23.8%) participants said they thought the purpose of the event is to achieve unity among residents. Throughout analysis, 15 of the necessary items were confirmed and classified into two factors: image of event (Factor 1) and evaluation item (Factor 2). As a result of verifying the relationship between educational level for Factor 1, age was significant in five items and education level was significant in six items. For Factor 2, four items were effective in relation to education level, while significant results were not found in relation to age. These results are expected to be significant if the intellectual curiosity of the residents is satisfied and the demand base of the urban garden events according to the characteristics of city people is expanded. Based on this study, it is necessary to conduct research on the use of urban gardens as an event with social functions as well as various programs that can be carried out in gardens to build and revitalize the community.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.533-542
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop a measure of professional identity for Korean dental hygienists and to analyze the factors and characteristics of professional identity of these dental hygienists. In this study, 890 dental hygienists completed a self-administered survey. The final analysis was conducted with a total of 880 responses, excluding 10 questionnaires with unreliable responses and partial responses. A systematic literature review was conducted to establish the definition of professional identity, while content validity, exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, and reliability analysis were conducted to establish the constructive factors. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to identify the level of each factor. Authors conceptualized the professional identity for Korean dental hygienists and item generation, item reduction, and questionnaire formatting. The developed measure of professional identity for dental hygienists consisted of five factors, with 15 items. "Sense of calling," "need for academic capacity building," "performance of delegated authority," "compliance of code of ethics," and "usage of professional organizations" were the constituent factors. Based on these factors, the level of professional identity was the highest in the "performance of delegated authority" and lowest in the "usage of professional organizations." These finding indicated that dental hygienists with higher education levels have higher professional identity levels. The dental hygienists working at the general/university hospital had the highest level of professional identity. Thus, further research is needed to establish a model that consists of factors affecting and influencing the professional identity of dental hygienists.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.423-432
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• 2021

This study developed a scale to measure college students' perceived stress levels for adverse life events that may occur in their daily lives and confirmed its validity and reliability. The scale was developed in accordance with DeVellis' scale development guidelines. Data were collected from 1,242 students of a local university in 2020. The collected samples were randomly separated into two groups (A, B). Group A (N=620) was tested for an initial examination of the performance, exploratory factor analysis, multitrait-multimethod matrix, criterion-related validity, and reliability of each item; and verified with group B (N=622) for confirmatory factor analysis and reliability re-test. As a result, the final scale of 33 items and eight factors were developed. The KMO values were 0.92, and Bartlett's spherical test was significant (χ²=12532.42, p<.001); the number of factors with initial eigenvalues of 1.0 or higher was eight; the cumulative factor loadings of 71.5% and the commonality of each item was 0.56 or higher. The reliability of the scale was Cronbach's alpha 0.94; sub-factors' Cronbach's alpha was 0.78 to 0.90. Therefore, these findings suggest that the scale developed in this study would be useful for measuring the stress levels of daily life for college students.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.107-134
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• 2016

The primary purpose of this study is to develop a quality of life scale for adults with developmental disabilities and to test its validity and reliability. For this purpose, the authors generated a initial item pool composed of 62 items based on the conceptual model of Felce and Perry (1995). The initial items were evaluated by three reviewers, and then the items were revised based on their feedbacks. Utilizing a survey questionnaire including the scale items, data on 430 adults with developmental disabilities were collected in collaboration with 33 social welfare agencies and residential facilities for people with disabilities. Through descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and relevant theories, the qualities of each item were examined, and then the best 20 items were selected. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for the final scale was .87. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5-factor model fitted the data reasonably well, In addition, criterion validity of each subfactor of the scale was successfully established, employing t-test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. In discussion, implications and limitations of this study were examined.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and assess the content validity and internal consistency of a questionnaire on the feasibility of mobile dietary self-monitoring applications. Methods: We developed a feasibility questionnaire to assess the overall usage, convenience, usefulness, and satisfaction of mobile dietary applications. The initial draft of the questionnaire contained 17 items with yes/no, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions and 52 items on 5-point Likert scales. To validate the content, ten experts evaluated the relevance of the items for each subscale using a 5-point scale. We calculated the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI). A total of 102 adults answered the questionnaires which reflected the experts' reviews. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis to determine the underlying structure of responses and categorized convenience, usefulness, and satisfaction. We also calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient to examine the internal consistency of items in each subscale. Results: The S-CVI score of the items was 0.86, and we removed items with an I-CVI score of < 0.80. We combined, revised, or separated some remaining items and added one item as per the experts' comments. As a result, we included 16 items about overall usage and 42 sub-questions. Based on the responses of the 102 adults, we performed exploratory factor analysis using the principal axis method. We retained items with a factor loading of > 0.40, resulting in a final set of 35 questions (convenience: 15, usefulness: 12, satisfaction: 8 items). The Cronbach's alpha values of the three scales were 0.93, 0.91, and 0.91 for 1) usefulness, 2) convenience, and 3) satisfaction, respectively. Conclusions: We developed a feasibility questionnaire for mobile dietary self-monitoring applications and examined its content validity and internal consistency. Our questionnaire has the potential to measure the feasibility of mobile dietary self-monitoring applications.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.353-375
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Playfulness Scale for Adults. The Korean version of the Playfulness Scale for adults was developed by Proyer, R.T (2017) to measure the playfulness of adults. To validate the OLIW in Korean, item translation, back-translation, item analysis, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted with 406 adults in study 1. Of the results obtained from study1, three items and one factor (7 items) were discarded because they turned out to be improper. In addition, 4 factors that were not the same as the original scale were extracted. This was checked by conducting confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 336 adults in study 2. CFA supported the 4 factors structure and all 4 factors showed adequate internal consistency. To check the concurrent validity of the Korean adults playfulness scale, correlation analysis with the APS, SMAP, PSYA, and NEO Personality Assessment was conducted. It showed significant positive correlation to APS, SMAP, PSYA, and showed the similar patterns of correlation with the sub factors of NEO Personality Assessment. Adult playfulness is related to the participation frequency of leisure. In conclusion, the Korean version of the playfulness scale for adults is a valid measure of playfulness for adults in Korea. The implications, practical use and suggestions for future study were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.5-34
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a job-esteem scale that reflects the unique characteristics of academic librarians. The study conducted an analysis of relevant literature and existing scales in the scale development phase, followed by in-depth interviews with 10 academic librarians, resulting in the creation of 100 preliminary measurement items. These items underwent content validity testing, consultations with linguists, and face validity assessments, which culminated in the selection of 52 items for a preliminary measurement scale. A pilot survey was then administered with 300 academic librarians from four-year universities nationwide to collect data, and item analysis and reliability testing were performed with the data. Then, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted, resulting in the elimination of 22 items and the finalization of 30 items. The main survey was conducted with 345 academic librarians, and the study confirmed high reliability of the data through item analysis and internal consistency tests. Through another confirmatory factor analysis, the study finalized 29 items. The final scale met all criteria for convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. This study marks the first development of a job-esteem scale tailored to the distinct attributes of academic librarians, and its significance lies in its utility for assessing and analyzing the job esteem of academic librarians.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.259-282
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• 2020

This study examines the validity of the Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult (Past), developed by Jurkovic and Thirkield (1999), among Korean university students in their twenties. First, a preliminary scale consisting of 30 items was developed by translating the original scale into Korean and item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted on 249 subjects. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, items in the emotional parentification factor were either deleted or included in the other remaining factors, resulting in a two-factor model containing 15 items. In order to confirm this, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on 318 independent subjects. As a result of a confirmatory factor analysis of the two competing models - the three-factor model consisting of 30 items based on the original scale and the two-factor(emotional experience and caring behavior) model consisting of 15 items gained as a result of the exploratory factor analysis - the two-factor model showed more suitable and the original scale was revised accordingly. The convergent validity, discriminant validity and predictive validity were all found to be satisfactory. Based on such results, implications, limitations and suggestions on follow-up studies are discussed.