• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting family strength and therewith, suggest some strategies to improve family strength and welfare. For this purpose, the researcher sampled 208 college students and surveyed them for their perceptions of the concept of family and family strengths. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, as a result of surveying the subjects on their perception of the concept of family, it was found that almost all of them (99%) perceived that 'a family consists of a couple and their children' (item 1). The other items regarding the concept of family chosen by the majority of subjects were 'a couple and adopted child' (item 3 & item 17), 'a remarried couple and their children' (item 9), 'a single parent and children' (item 2), 'a three-generation family; couple, widowed daughter and granddaughter' (item 4), 'three sisters' (item 7), 'an unmarried woman living with a son born from a sperm bank' (item 19), 'a separated couple with no child' (item 13), 'cousins living together' (item 11), 'a divorced man and his girlfriend with child' (item 15) and 'homosexual family' (item 8). Second, as a result of assessing subjects' needs for family functions and their efforts for family strengths, it was found that the family functions for family members scored higher than those for the society, and that subjects' efforts for the family functions conducive to both their family members and society scored lower than their needs for the family functions. Third, subjects' needs and efforts for family functions were positively correlated with family strengths. Namely, family functions were closely related with family strengths.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2012

아이템 현금 거래가 이루어지는 방법으로는 게임 동호회에서의 거래, 직거래 등 여러 방법이 있다. 그러나 현실에서는 수수료를 부담해야 하는 아이템중개사이트가 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 아이템중개사이트와 기타 거래에서의 아이템 현금 거래 가격을 분석함으로써, 소비자들이 아이템 중개사이트를 주로 활용하는 이유를 살펴보고자 하였다. 아이템중개사이트에서의 거래 가격과 기타 아이템 현금 거래방법에서의 거래 가격을 비교 분석한 결과, 아이템중개사이트에서의 가격이 평균 6% 더 비싼 것으로 나타났다. 구매자들은 6%더 비싼 가격을 지불하고 아이템중개사이트를 이용하고 있었는데, 이는 거래의 안전성과 편리성에 대한 대가로 볼 수 있다. 그리고 판매자들은 아이템중개사이트를 이용하는 것이 다른 거래 방법에서보다 0.7% 정도 더 높은 가격으로 판매할 수 있었다. 구매자와 판매자가 아이템중개사이트를 이용하는 것은 충분한 이유가 있는 것으로 파악될 수 있다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제21권45호
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• pp.121-133
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• 1998

This study suggests an efficient algorithm for updating discovered association rules in large database, because a database may allow frequent or occasional updates, and such updates may not only invalidate some existing strong association rules, but also turn some weak rules into strong ones. FUP and DMI update efficiently strong association rules in the whole updated database reusing the information of the old large item-sets. Moreover, these algorithms use a pruning technique for reducing the database size in the update process. This study updates strong association rules efficiently in the whole updated database reusing the information of the old large item-sets. An updating algorithm that is suggested in this study generates the whole candidate item-sets at once in an incremental database in view of the fact that it is difficult to find the new set of large item-sets in the whole updated database after an incremental database is added to the original database. This method of generating candidate item-sets is different from that of FUP and DMI. After generating the whole candidate item-sets, if each item-set in the whole candidate item-sets is large at an incremental database, the original database is scanned and the support of each item-set in the whole candidate item-sets is updated. So, the whole large item-sets in the whole updated database is found out. An updating algorithm that is suggested in this study does not use a pruning technique for reducing the database size in the update process. As a result, an updating algoritm that is suggested updates fast and efficiently discovered large item-sets.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.465-481
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• 2008

문항반응이론(Item response theory: IRT)에서는 문항이 가지고 있는 특성을 기초로 피험자의 능력을 추정하고 동시에 각 문항별 문항특성곡선(Item characteristics curve: ICC)을 이용하여 문항모수를 추정하게 된다. 그러나 모수추정에 있어서 최대 우도추정의 경우는 초기값과 다른 여러 문제들이 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 추정 문제 해결방법의 대안으로 점근적 근사화 방법(Asymptotic approximation method: AAM)을 제안한다. 이는 자료의 수가 적거나 국소 변동이 있는 경우에 효과적인 추정방법이라고 할 수 있다. 이에 개발된 'Any Assess' 시스템을 모의실험을 통하여 신뢰성을 검정하였다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the item characteristics of the Korean version of the intensive care experience questionnaire (K-ICEQ) using the Rasch analysis model of the item response theory. Methods : In this methodological study, the validity of the scale was examined, and a secondary analysis was conducted using cohort data of patients who were discharged from the intensive care units (ICU). Data from 891 patients who responded to the K-ICEQ upon ICU discharge were analyzed. The WINSTEP program was used to analyze item characteristics, including item difficulty, fit indices, appropriateness scale, and separation reliability. Results : The difficulty level of all 26 items of the K-ICEQ was appropriate, and the fit indices of the 25 items, except for item 18, were good. The 5-point scale of the K-ICEQ was not appropriate in the three subscales. The item separation reliability was good in all subscales, but did not meet the criteria in terms of respondents. Conclusion : The results of examining the item characteristics of the K-ICEQ revealed a good degree of difficulty, fitness, and item separation reliability. To increase the validity of the K-ICEQ, we suggest the rearrangement of the overall item order, modification of the item description of the "recall of experience" subscale, and reduction of the scale response level.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2024

Purpose: To adjust item numbers in a national test, this study used item response theory to examine changes in average scores, reliability, difficulty, and discrimination according to the adjustment of item numbers. Methods: We analyzed the dichotomous coding of correct and incorrect answers of 473 examinees in a mock test conducted in 2023. Additionally, as an explanatory pilot study, we used an online questionnaire to survey experts on their perceptions of the appropriate item numbers for each test subject from January 18, 2024, to February 15, 2024. Results: Regarding the item numbers on the national exam, experts preferred to reduce the number of management of emergency patients (33.14±6.09, p<.05) and advanced emergency medical care: subtopics (104.49±11.55, p<.05), and the total number of questions (217.82±20.95, p<.05). In a simulation set in which items with low item fit were removed after fitting a two-parameter item response theory model, reliability was maintained at .910 until the 5th test consisting of 185 questions with little loss of difficulty, discrimination, and average score, and there was no correlation between item numbers and average score. Conclusion: Experts responded that reducing the number of items on the national exam was appropriate. As a result of the item reduction simulation, there was no significant loss in the average score, difficulty, discrimination, or reliability. More reliable results could be obtained if the results were based on a validity analysis and analyzed using actual national exams.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2020

Purpose: Based on previous researches on social factors of digital item purchase in digital contents distribution platforms such as SNS, we aim to develop the integrated model that accounts for the dynamic and interactive relationship between social structure indicators and digital item purchase. Research design, data and methodology: A PVAR model was used to capture endogenous and dynamic relationships between digital item purchase and network indicators. Results: We find that there exist considerable endogenous and dynamic relationships between digital item purchase and network structure variables. Not only lagged in-degree and out-degree but also in-closeness and out-closeness centrality have significant and positive impacts on digital item purchase. Lagged clustering has a significant and negative effect on digital item purchase. Lagged purchase has a significant and positive impact just on the present in-closeness and out-closeness centrality; but there is no significant effect of lagged purchase on the other two degree variables and clustering coefficient. We also find that both closeness centralities have much higher carryover effect on digital item purchase and that the elasticity of both closeness centralities on the purchase of digital items is even higher than that of other network structure variables. Conclusions: In-closeness and out-closeness are the most influential factors among social structure variables of this study on digital item purchase.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

2000년대 온라인 게임이 급격하게 성장하면서부터 온라인 게임 및 아이템 거래가 사이버 범죄 등을 발생시키는 주요 요인이라는 견해가 존재하였다. 그러나 정말로 온라인 게임 및 아이템 거래가 범죄 증가와 관련이 있는가에 대해서는 그동안 실증적 연구가 이루어지지 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 온라인 게임 및 아이템 거래가 범죄 증가와 실증적인 관계가 존재하는가를 검증하였다. 분석결과, 온라인 게임 및 아이템 거래는 사이버 범죄, 재산 범죄 증가와 통계적으로 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 온라인 게임 및 아이템 거래는 범죄 행위를 절대적으로 증가시키는 것은 아니며, 기존 범죄에 대한 새로운 대체 수단으로 활용되고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 즉 온라인 게임 및 아이템 거래는 기존의 비재산 범죄를 재산 범죄로 대체하는 역할을 하는 것으로서 추정된다.

• 서비스연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

사업 아이템을 결정하기 위하여 여러 가지 대안 중에서 한 가지 사업을 결정하게 된다. 본 연구는 여러 가지 사업 아이템 중에서 가장 적합한 사업 아이템에 대한 의사결정을 하기위하여 비주얼베이직을 이용해 각 사업 아이템별로 기술력, 자본금, 경영능력, 마케팅, 매출가능성, 미래성장상품성, 경쟁상품예상, 제품독창성, 매니지먼트 등의 값을 입력하여 종합점수가 가장 높은 사업 아이템을 결정할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 사업은 처음에 본인의 상황에 맞는 사업을 잘 선택하는 것이 무엇보다 중요한데 본 연구의 프로그램을 이용해 여러 가지 사업 아이템을 놓고 결정하기 어려울 때 가장 적합한 사업 아이템을 결정할 수 있게 될 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2016

Background: Rasch analysis estimates the probability that a respondent will endorse an item and select a particular rating for that item. It has the advantage of placing both the items and the person along a single ration scale and calibrates person ability and item difficulty onto an interval scale by logits. In addition, Rasch analysis is a useful tool for exploring the validity of questionnaires that have been developed using traditional methods. Therefore, it has been recommended as a method for developing and evaluating functional outcome measures. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the item fit, item difficulty, and rating scale of the Korean version of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (KFAB) using Rasch analysis. Methods: Total 97 subjects (39 males and 58 females) with dwelling elderly adults were participated, but 3 people were excluded for misfit persons. Rasch analysis was then done by means of the Winsteps program to determine the item fit, item difficulty, rating scale, and reliability of the KFAB. Results: In this study, the 'standing with feet together and eyes closed', 'two-footed jump', 'walk with head turns', and 'stand on foam, eyes closed' items shown misfit statistics. The most difficult item was 'stand on one leg', whereas the easiest item was 'turn in full circle'. The rating scale was acceptable with all criteria. Both item and person separation indices and reliability showed acceptable values. This would indicated that each domain covers a useful range of item difficulty that is appropriate for measuring a person with a wide range of functional ability. Conclusion: The KFAB has been proven reliable, valid and an appropriate tool with which to evaluate the balance of the elderly people.