• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to study on forage utility of native grasses in polderland for salt tolerance plant selection and good feed with collection and evaluation. As the result of investgate, it was carried out feed evaluation, germination physiology and early growth at the different salt content of Puccinellia coreesis Honda and P. nipponica Ohwi from May 1993 to June 1994. Germination physiology of the grasses was light and low temperature favored optimum germination temperature was 1$0^{\circ}C$, germination period was 30 days. Dormancy awakening was needed wet and high temperature condition with 1~3 days storage. Germination rate increased 18.0% of P. coreensis and 39.0% of P. nipponica than those of non treatments. Early growth condition of different salt content was good also at in 1.00% and 0.50% levels of P. coreensis and P. nipponica. Crude protein content was 8.4% at P. coreensis, 7.1% at P. nipponica and 10.3% of Italian ryegrass, and NFE content was arrangement in order of P. coreensis, Italian ryegrass and P. nipponica. TDN content was not different between P. coreensis, P. nipponica and Italian ryegrass. Also P. coreensis and P. nipponica have a good taste for cattle as same as other crops.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.951-970
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• 2023

This study utilized Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) - based total mixed ration (TMR) as feedstuff and evaluated its effects on rumen fermentation, growth performance, blood parameters, and bacterial community in growing Hanwoo heifers. Twenty-seven Hanwoo heifers (body weight [BW], 225.11 ± 10.57 kg) were randomly allocated to three experimental diets. Heifers were fed 1 of 3 treatments as follows: TMR with oat, timothy, and alfalfa hay (CON), TMR with 19% of IRGS (L-IRGS), and TMR with 36% of IRGS (H-IRGS). Feeding high levels of IRGS (H-IRGS) and CON TMR to heifers resulted in a greater molar proportion of propionate in the rumen. The impact of different TMR diets on the BW, average daily gain, dry matter intake, and feed conversion ratio of Hanwoo heifers during the growing period did not differ (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the blood metabolites, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, and total cholesterol of the heifers were not affected by the different TMR diets (p > 0.05). In terms of rumen bacterial community composition, 264 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed across the three TMR diets with 240, 239, and 220 OTUs in CON, L-IRGS, and H-IRGS, respectively. IRGS-based diets increased the relative abundances of genera belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes but decreased the abundances of genus belonging to phylum Firmicutes compared with the control. Data showed that Bacteroidetes was the most dominant phylum, while Prevotella ruminicola was the dominant species across the three TMR groups. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus bromii in the rumen increased in heifers fed with high inclusion of IRGS in the TMR (H-IRGS TMR). The relative abundance of R. bromii in the rumen significantly increased when heifers were fed H-IRGS TMR while P. ruminicola increased in both L-IRGS and H-IRGS TMR groups. Results from the current study demonstrate that the inclusion of IRGS in the TMR is comparable with the TMR containing high-quality forage (CON). Thus, a high level of IRGS can be used as a replacement forage ingredient in TMR feeding and had a beneficial effect of possibly modulating the rumen bacterial community toward mainly propionate-producing microorganisms.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2024

The objective of this study was to compare the feeding effects of imported timothy hay, domestic Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) and IRG dried by hot-air dry system (IRGHDS) under basic total mixed ration (bTMR) on rumination activity, milk production, and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Eighteen Holstein dairy cows were divided into three groups: control (bTMR + imported timothy hay), treatment 1 (bTMR + IRGS) and treatment 2 (TMR + IRGHDS) groups. The study was conducted over a total period of 24 days, including a 10 days adaptation period and a 14 days main experimental period. The results indicate body weight was not significantly different between the three groups (p>0.05), and rumination time was significantly higher in the treatment 1 group compared with the control group (p<0.001). Milk fat, protein, and lactose were not significantly different between the three groups (p>0.05), however, somatic cell counts were significantly lower in the treatment 1 group compared with the control group (p<0.001). As a result of the economic feasibility analysis, it is expected that feeding TMR using IRGS and IRGHDS will increase profit by 402.8 won/day and 331.4 won/day per cow compared to imported timothy hay. Therefore, IRGS and IRGHDS can be used as substitutes for imported timothy hay in feeding lactating dairy cows.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2024

This experiment was conducted to breed a very early-maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Korea, from 2022 to 2023. The new variety, named "Earlybird," is a diploid variety characterized by green leaf color, a semi-erect growth habit in late autumn/fall, and an erect growth habit in early spring. With a heading date of April 30, Earlybird is categorized as a very early-maturing variety. Compared to the "Kowinearly" control variety, Earlybird's flag-leaf width is wider by 0.2 mm, its flag-leaf length is longer by 1.4 cm, and its plant height is greater by 10.5 cm. Additionally, Earlybird's ear length is 1.4 cm longer than Kowinearly's, and it exhibits lodging resistance. Although the dry matter yield of Earlybird (7,469 kg/ha) is smaller than that of Kowinearly, the difference is not statistically significant. The total digestible nutrient and crude protein content of Earlybird are 63.5% and 8.6%, respectively, which are higher than those of Kowinearly by 1.8% and 0.3%, respectively. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content of Earlybird are 56.9% and 32.0%, respectively, which are lower than those of Kowinearly by 2.2% and 2.3%, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 1984

In order ti find out the optimum seeding time(OST) and optimum seed rate(OSR) of Italian ryegrass on seed production, this studies with tetraploid cv. Tetrone were carried out on the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station. Treatments included seed rates of 1, 2, 3 and 4 kg per 10a and combined with seeding time on 20, 30 Aug, 9, 19 and 29, September 1983. Seeds were sown in rows 50 cm apart and were spaced in a continuous line with width of 15 cm within the rows. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Autumn tillers could be classified into three groups from winter-killing point of view, namely winter-killing completely, damaged growing point only and living tillers. 2. The young inflorescence-bearing stem in Italian ryegrass which were sown earlier than 9. September were more susceptible to winter killing. Tiller buds in those stems which originated from an axillary buds at the stem base within senescent leaf-sheaths emerged lately in spring, and consequently heading was delayed, culm length shortened and seed yield reduced. 3. Tiller buds which originated from damaged growing point only and living tillers in moderate shoots emerged early in spring and those tillers became mainly spike-bearing culm. 4. The emergence-time of tillers influenced on culm-, spike- length and ripenness more than seeding time and seed rate. 5. Seed yield was mostly affected by the number of spikes per unit area. 6. For the safety of over-wintering and enough spikes on seed production, OST and OSR at Suweon were the last part of September and 2-3 kg per 10a, respectively. Especially OSR was 2 kg per 10a for early and 3 kg per 10a for late OST.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 1990

In the present report, two experiments were carried out with the purposes of knowing the differences of response among forage species to growing period and potassium level in culture solution, and investigating possible relation of the responses with occurence of grass tetany on grazing pasture. The results were as follows; (1) At 25 days after germination, fresh weight of top part as well as the sum of top and root parts of the forages increased rapidly. (2) Italian ryegrass was the highest in potassium (K) content but the lowest in magnesiurn(Mg) content among the three gramineous forages, while tall fescue showed the opposite result to it. And orchardgrass was intermediate of the two forage species (Experiment 1). (3) The K contents of forages generally increased, while Mg content became lower with the increase of K level in culture solution. The highest K contents of Italian ryegrass and orchardgrass were more than 3 times of the lowest values. The K contents of alfalfa and tall fescue increased in the narrower range. The decreases of Mg content of Italian ryegrass and orchardgrass were significant in the ranges of 5ppm to 25 or 50ppm KzO, while the content of the leguminous forages and tall fescue decreased up to 1000 level. (4) Fresh yield, water content and K content of the forages were significantly increased with the increase of K20 application levels up to 25 or 50ppm. (5) The K concentration of forage on a tissue water basis was higher at 50ppm than that at 5ppm $K_20$ level, especially for Italian ryegrass and orchardgrass with the value of 2.6times and 2.5times, respectively. However, the K concentration (tissue water) of leguminous forages increased gradually up to the level of lOOOppm (Experiment 2). It is suggested from the results that rapid changes of water content, Mg content and K concentration (tissue water) may occur to forage on a grazing pasture, when both growing period and K level in the soil affect the changes simultaneously. Under such conditions, plant water especially in Italian reyegrass and orchardgrass can function as toxic material to grazing ruminants.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1992

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of soil phosphorus level on plant length, dry matter yield and competition in annual and perennial plants.The effect of phosphorus fertilizer on the plant length and dry matter yield was low in the perennial plant of Miscanthus sinensis, SaSa palmata and ilrtemlsia princeps, but was high in the annual plant of Polygonwn thunbergii and Echinochloa crus-galli.The plant length, density and dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass in individual natural community did not depend on relative photosynthetic photon flux density but on total and available phosphorus of soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.406-407
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• 2000

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.45-47
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• 1999

Two phytotoxic compounds were isolated from a culture of Exserohilum monoceras Inu-1, a fungal pathogen of Barnyard grass. The structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses including 2D NMR experiments. During the isolation procedure, the toxic components were monitored by the assay using Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), a host plant of the pathogen. The compounds inhibited the root growth of the host plant seedlings at a level of 100 ppm. While no substantial inhibition was observed even at 300 ppm in non-host plant seedlings such as lettuce and tomato.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.176-177
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• 2005