• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

Since 2000s, proper utilization of IoT (Internet of Things) technology is a key factor for a firm to become more competitive, and this stream is not exceptional for the food and agriculture industry. Along with this stream, Korea government organization, for example MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs), elected to adopt IoT technology, such as USN and RFID technologies, in the food and agriculture industry. Based on the IoT technology, MAFARA launched six "IoT based farm" project in 2007. IoT based farm project includes IoT based greenhouse system project, and it shows drastic efficiency in terms of cost reduction. When it comes to the productivity, however, the effect of IoT based greenhouse system is still ambiguous. In this regard, this study conducted systems analysis and design for IoT based tomato greenhouse in order to help farmers' decision making related to the productivity by establishing standardized database structure and designing output form to analyze productivity indices. Proposed systems analysis and design can be utilized as a data analysis tools by farmers. Productivity data from the proposed systems is can be used by researchers to identify the relationship among environment, plant growth and productivity. Policy makers also can refer to the data and output forms to predict the quantity of fruit during certain period and to revise production guideline more precisely.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.54-56
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• 2016

Code-reuse attacks are very dangerous in various systems. This is because they do not inject malicious codes into target systems, but reuse the instruction sequences in executable files or libraries of target systems. Moreover, code-reuse attacks could be more harmful to IoT systems in the sense that it may not be easy to devise efficient and effective mechanism for code-reuse attack detection in resource-restricted IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a detection scheme with using Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to combat against code-reuse attacks in IoT. Specifically, we detect code-reuse attacks by calculating KL divergence between the probability distributions of the packets that generate from IoT devices and contain code region addresses in memory system and the probability distributions of the packets that come to IoT devices and contain code region addresses in memory system, checking if the computed KL divergence is abnormal.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

IoT (Internet of Things) systems are based on heterogeneous hardware systems of different types of devices interconnected each other, ranging from miniaturized and low-power wireless sensor node to cloud servers. These IoT systems composed of heterogeneous hardware utilize data sets collected from a particular set of sensors or control designated actuators when needed using open APIs created through abstraction of devices' resources associated to service applications. However, previously existing IoT services have been usually developed based on vertical platforms, whose sharing and exchange of data is limited within each industry domain, for example, healthcare. Such problem is called 'data silo', and considered one of crucial issues to be solved for the success of establishing IoT ecosystems. Also, IoT services may need to dynamically organize their services according to the change of status of connected devices due to their mobility and dynamic network connectivity. We propose a way of dynamically composing IoT services under the concept of WoT (Web of Things) where heterogeneous devices across different industries are fully integrated into the Web. Our approach allows developers to create IoT services or mash them up in an efficient way using Web objects registered into multiple standardized horizontal IoT platforms where their resources are discoverable and accessible. A Web-based service composition tool is developed to evaluate the practical feasibility of our approach under real-world service development.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

IoT는 인간과 사물, 서비스, 이 세 가지 요소에 대해 인간의 명시적 개입 없이 상호 협력으로 센싱, 네트워킹, 정보처리 등 지능적 관계를 형성하는 사물 공간 연결망을 의미하고 현재 AllSeen Alliance, OIC 등과 같은 많은 IoT 그룹에서 IoT를 위한 플랫폼을 출시하고 있다. 자가적응형은 기기가 작동 중에 사람의 의사결정 없이도 가장 나은 대응을 스스로 판단하여 변화에 대처할 수 있도록 구현하는 것을 목표로 하는 것으로 기존 IoT와 IoT 플랫폼에 자가적응형 개념을 적용시켜 볼 필요성이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 IoT, IoT 플랫폼, 자가적응형 연구와 개발 동향에 대해 살펴보고 IoT와 IoT 플랫폼에 자가적응형 분류체계를 사용한 비교 방식을 제안한다. 또한 이를 활용한 예시로 아직 개발 단계인 OIC의 IoT 플랫폼에서 부족한 자가적응형 요소에 대해 제안한다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2022

Modern supply chains include multiple activities from collecting raw materials to transferring final products. These activities involve many parties who share a huge amount of valuable data, which makes managing supply chain systems a challenging task. Current supply chain management (SCM) systems adopt digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain for optimization purposes. Although these technologies can significantly enhance SCM systems, they have their own limitations that directly affect SCM systems. Security, performance, and scalability are essential components of SCM systems. Yet, confidentiality and scalability are one of blockchain's main limitations. Moreover, IoT devices are lightweight and have limited power and storage. These limitations should be considered when developing blockchain-based IoT-SCM systems. In this paper, the requirements of efficient supply chain systems are analyzed and the role of both IoT and blockchain technologies in providing each requirement are discussed. The limitations of blockchain and the challenges of IoT integration are investigated. The limitations of current literature in the same field are identified, and a secure and scalable blockchain-based IoT-SCM system is proposed. The proposed solution employs a Hyperledger fabric blockchain platform and tackles confidentiality by implementing private data collection to achieve confidentiality without decreasing performance. Moreover, the proposed framework integrates IoT data to stream live data without consuming its limited resources and implements a dualstorge model to support supply chain scalability. The proposed framework is evaluated in terms of security, throughput, and latency. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework maintains confidentiality, integrity, and availability of on-chain and off-chain supply chain data. It achieved better performance through 31.2% and 18% increases in read operation throughput and write operation throughput, respectively. Furthermore, it decreased the write operation latency by 83.3%.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.524-546
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• 2019

Product-service systems (PSS), integrating physical products and services, currently play a crucial role in sustainable economies. In addition to the highly competitive global economy, the emergence of new digital paradigms is supporting the shift toward servitization. Although the great potential of such paradigms is recognized by both practice and research, their implications for PSS are not yet clear. In particular, features of Internet of Things (IoT), such as total connectedness and ubiquity of smart sensors and actuators, provide various new opportunities for PSS. This study explores such opportunities by conducting structured literature review and 13 interviews. We organize the findings in two folds: First, we introduce four degrees of IoT involvement in PSS business models and elaborate the opportunities that they create for different types of PSS. Second, we present the key technologies and approaches that IoT provides concerning PSS lifecycle management.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2019

In this paper, we present a prototype system for controlling IoT home appliances via voice-based commands. A voice command has been widely deployed as one of unobtrusive user interfaces for applications in a variety of IoT domains. However, interoperability between diverse IoT systems is limited by several dominant companies providing voice assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Now due to their proprietary systems. A global IoT standard, oneM2M has been proposed to mitigate the lack of interoperability between IoT systems. In this paper, we deployed oneM2M-based platforms for a voice record device like a wrist band and LED control device like a home appliance. We developed all the components for recording voices and controlling IoT devices, and demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method based on oneM2M platforms and Google STT (Speech-to-Text) API for controlling home appliances by showing a user scenario for turning the LED device on and off via voice commands.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a form of the emerging 4th industry in the 5G era. IoT is expected to develop naturally in our daily life in the 5G era in which high-speed communication will be completed. Along with the rise of IoT, concerns about security and malicious attacks are also increasing. This paper examines DoS attacks, which are one of the representative security threats of IoT and proposes a local detection and blocking system that are suitable for response to such attacks. First, systems of the LoRaWAN type, which are most actively researched in the IoT system field and DoS attacks that can occur in such systems were examined. Then, the inverse order tree algorithm using regional characteristics was designed as a cluster analysis form. Finally, a system capable of defending denial-of-service attacks in the 5G IoT system using local detection and blocking with the Euclidean distance was designed.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

Fire-alarm systems are safety equipment that facilitate rapid evacuation and early suppression in case of fire. It is highly desirable that fire-alarm systems have low false-alarm rates and are thus reliable. Until now, researchers have attempted to improve detector performance by applying new technologies such as IoT. To this end, IoT-based fire-detection systems have been developed. However, due to scarcity of large-scale operational data, researchers have barely studied malfunctioning in fire-alarm systems or attempted to reduce false-alarm rates in these systems. In this study, we analyzed false-alarm rates of smoke/temperature detectors and unwanted fire-alarm signal patterns at K institution, where Korea's largest IoT-based fire-detection system operates. After analyzing the fire alarm occurrences at the institution for five years, we inferred that the IoT-based fire-detection system showed lower false-alarm rates compared to the automatic fire-detection equipment. We analyzed the detection pattern by dividing it into two parts: normal operation and unwanted fire alarms. When a specific signal pattern was filtered out, the false-alarm rate was reduced to 66.9% in the smoke detector and to 46.9% in the temperature detector.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2017

In this paper, we present a self-adaptive software platform that enables an IoT gateway to perform autonomous operation considering IoT devices connected each other in resource-constrained environments. Based on the oneM2M device software platform publicly available, we have designed an additional part, called SAS (self-adaptive software) consisting of MAM (memory-aware module), NAM (network-aware module), BAM (battery-aware module), DAM (data-aware module), and DH (decision handler). A prototype system is implemented to show the feasibility of the proposed self-adaptive software architecture. Our proposed system demonstrates that it can adaptively adjust the operation of gateway and connected devices to their resource conditions under the desired service scenarios.