• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.208-211
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• 2007

In a recently proposed method of model reduction for discrete interval systems, the denominator polynomial of a reduced model is computed by applying interval arithmetic to dominant poles of the original system. However, the denominator polynomial obtained via interval arithmetic usually has poles with larger intervals than desired ones. Hence an unstable polynomial can be derived from the stable polynomial. In this paper a simple technique is presented to partially overcome such a stability problem by accurately preserving desired real dominant poles.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences of 45minutes up-hill walking depending on hiking poles and steady walking time. Seven healthy men volunteered for this experiment. Each of them performed up-hill walking with hiking poles and without hiking poles at speed of 3.5km/h during 45minutes on a treadmill. The treadmill was set 25% up-hill inclination. The lower extremity 4 muscles activity including rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris was recorded and assessed by using EMG. And Heart rate(HR) and Rating of perceived exertion(RPE) were recorded and analyzed by 15minutes interval. The statistical analysis was two-way ANOVA with repeated measures to compare effects of hiking poles and steady walking time. The level of statistical significance for all tests was P<.05. The results of this study were following : Integrated EMG about four individual muscles doesn't have statistical significancy. However, the sum of IEMG of the four muscles was decreased some with poles than without poles(p<.0l) and IEMG about four muscles was rut different on steady walking time. Second, HR was increased significantly as time up(P<.01). RPE was decreased some with poles than without poles(P<.05) and RPE was increased significantly as time up(P<.01).

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.173-178
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• 1993

In this paper, we present an algorithmic technique for determining a feedback compensator which will stabilize the interval dynamic system, specifically, the robust regulator design for interval plants. The approach taken here is to allow the system parameters to live within prescribed intervals then design a dynamic feedback compensator which guarantees closed-loop system stable. The main contribution of this paper is the idea of introducing a "simplified Kharitonov's result" for low order polynomials to search for suitable compensator parameters in the compensator parameter space to make the uncertain syste robust. We also design the robust regulator which will D-stabilize (have the closed-loop poles in the left sector only) the dynamic interval system while having good performance. The nuerical examples are given to show the substantially improved robustness which results from our approach. approach.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.8
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• pp.64-73
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• 1994

In this paper we present an algorithmic technique for determining a feedback compensator which will stabilize the interval dynamic system specifically the robust regulator design for interval plants. The approach taken here is to allow the system parameters to live within prescribed intervals then design a dynamic feedback compensator which guarantees closed-loop system stable. The main contribution of this paper is the idea of introducting a "simplified Kharitonov`s results" for low order polynomials to search for suitable compensator parameters in the compensator parammeter space to make the uncertain system robust. We also design the robust regulator which will $D_{\phi}$ -stabilize (have the closed-loop poles in the left sector only) the dynamic interval system while having good performance. the numerical examples are given to show the substantially improved robustness which results from our approach.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.107-113
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• 2002

The pipe framed and arch shape plastic greenhouse, which is the most popular greenhouse in Korea, is relatively weak in snowdrift. Reinforcement of rigid frame or column is required to reduce the damage from heavy snow in this type. But additional rigid frames or columns decrease light transmissivity or workability, and increase construction cost. So it is desirable to prepare some temporary poles and to install them when the warning of heavy snow is announced. This study was carried out to develop the temporary pole supporting system using galvanized steel pipes for plastic housing and to evaluate the safe snow load on a temporary pole. A pipe connector, which is inserted in the top of pipe used in the temporary pole and supports the center purline, was designed and manufactured to be able to carry the upper loads safely. And a bearing plate was safely designed and manufactured in order to carry the loads acting on it to the ground. When temporary poles of ${\phi}$ 25 pipe are installed at 2.4m interval, it shows that the single span plastic greenhouses with 5~7 m width are able to support the additional snow depth of 13.9~25.3 cm beyond the snow load supported by main frame.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 1990

Field sampling requires statistical description to draw inferences from data. Field data, or linear structures, are commonly analyzed by the graphical presentations, such as streonets and rose diagrams. For this purpose the DROPOL program is developed to analyze the data more efficiently with personal computer. DROPOL program written in FORTRAN 77 plots the structural data in points, poles or great circle on equalarea (Schmidt net) or equal-angle (Wulff net) projection surface. It is also capable to project the data from upper or lower hemisphere of stereonet and to draw pole contour diagrams from the plotted data. The rose diagram, representing the frequency of the strike and dip angle, can also be drawn in general or smooth type using $5^{\circ}$ or $10^{\circ}$ degrees interval.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.259-284
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• 2002

In the history of cinema, Sergei Eisenstein is always considered as a pioneer to conceive of cinema primarily as a form of expressing thought rather than as a representation of reality. For him, montage is the indispensable method to construct an open totality of thought and image in movement. It functions as a basic thread running through two poles of filmic composition, that is, the organic and the pathetic. The organic is concerned with the composition of the film structure as a whole, while the pathetic is involved in an ongoing process of registering a leaping point in various filmic sequences. The ultimate goal of montage for Eisenstein is to create the cinema of ideas which can synthesize both emotional and intellectual elements in the filmic composition. In his system of intellectual cinema, the identity of image and thought externalizes the sensory-motor unity of nature and man along the ascending spiral of centrifugal force of the film. Indeed, in both theory and practice, Eisenstein firmly argues that nature not only provides basic laws for the organic composition of the film, but also expresses itself in the form of the whole which brings out the experience of totality in the film text, the audience, and surely Eisenstein himself.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 1990

Maternal serum ${\beta}$-specific human chorionic gonadotropin(${\beta}$-hCG) and pregnancy-specific ${\beta}_1$-glycoprotein($SP_1$) levels were determined more than one per week during 11-41 days post embryo transfer(ET) in 21 consecutive pregnancies after in vitro fertilization(IVF), which included 8 normal singleton pregnancies, 3 twin pregnancies, 4 clinical abortions, 1 ectopic pregnancy, and 5 preclinical abortions. The sensitivity of serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ radioimmunoassays was 3mIU/ml and 0.7ng/ml relatively. At the 7th to 8th week of gestation, ultrasonographic confirmation of fetal pole and fetal heartbeat was performed. Both serm ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels showed logarithmic increase, but log[$SP_1$] had more steep rising curve and had wider variation than log[${\beta}$-hCG] in normal singleton pregnancies. In 3 twin pregnancies and one ectopic pregnancy, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels located within the 95% confidence interval of the mean levels of 8 normal singleton pregnancies(normal range). In 2 clinical abortions which had a fetal pole without heartbeat, serum ${\beta}$-hCG level showed lower limit of the normal range or just below, but all $SP_1$ levels showed within the normal range. In other 2 clinical abortions which were diagnosed as blighted ovum, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG levels from 11 days post-ET and serum $SP_1$ levels from later days compared with ${\beta}$-hCG were below the normal range. In 5 preclinical abortions, serum $SP_1$ levels were within the normal range but serum ${\beta}$-hCG levels were far below the normal range. In conclusion, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels increased exponentially with similar pattern in normally conceived pregancy after IVF-ET. Both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels could predict outcome of early pregnancy to a certain degree, but log[${\beta}$-hCG] levels had more significant correlation with outcome of pregnancy compared with log[$SP_1$] levels. In addition, ultrasonographic examination of fetal poles and fetal heartbeats gives very important clinical information and prognosis.