• International Journal of Safety
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2012

Examples and experiences of risk management on radiation under prolonged exposure situation are shown. The accident of the Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant after the great east Japan earthquake (11 March, 2011) elevates background level of environmental radiation around the east Japan. For example, ambient dose equivalent rate around Tohkatsu area next to Tokyo located about 200 km-south from the plant, is about 0.1-0.6 micro-Sv $h^{-1}$ mainly due to $^{134}Cs$ and $^{137}Cs$ falling on the ground soil. This level is about double or up to ten times higher than the genuine natural level around the area. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends how to face the existing exposure situation; that is the prolonged exposure situation. Referring to ICRP's reports and/or related international/domestic documents, we have been discussing and acting to gain public's safety and relief, who have a possibility to be exposed to prolonged lower-dose radiation. Here, we introduce our several experiences on risk management, especially focusing on risk communication, radiation education to public, and stakeholder involvements into making decision in local governments on radiation protection, relating to the accident.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.6-9
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• 2011

Examples and experiences of risk management on radiation under prolonged exposure situation are shown. The accident of the Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant after the great east Japan earthquake (11 March, 2011) elevates background level of environmental radiation around the east Japan. For example, ambient dose equivalent rate around Tohkatsu area next to Tokyo located about 200 km-south from the plant, is about 0.1-0.6 micro-Sv $h^{-1}$ mainly due to $^{134}Cs$ and $^{137}Cs$ falling on the ground soil. This level is about double or up to ten times higher than the genuine natural level around the area. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends how to face the existing exposure situation; that is the prolonged exposure situation. Referring to ICRP's reports and/or related international/domestic documents, we have been discussing how to manage this situation and acting to gain safety and relief of public, who have a possibility to be exposed to prolonged lower-dose radiation. Here, we introduce our several experiences on risk management, especially focusing on risk communication, radiation education to public, and stakeholder involvements into decision making in local governments on radiation protection, relating to the accident.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.230-239
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• 2013

The paper deals with recent paradigm shift in German environmental policy, fundamentally modifying the German society towards a sustainable future development. Key elements of this development are forceful climate protection measures to contribute to global climate protection strategy and to fulfil international conventions, supplemented by a comprehensive strategy to promote the adaptation to climate change, the nuclear power phase out in the medium term, and innovative landscape and regional planning projects to strengthen regional identity and economic power. All this components are,complemented by a financial support program including incentives, tax reductions, and research funding.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.177-184
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• 2016

Since 1980s, 30 years has passed after issues on environmental refugee began to appear. However, why environmental refugee is not considered as refugee officially in international society? Above all, it seems that main point is the responsibility given to those developed countries if they, whom led the climate changes, officially acknowledge environmental refugee. The problem is that environmental refugee has no direct responsibility for causing climate changes. Actually. the responsibility should be granted to the developed and industrialized countries which caused climate changes. In accordance to the refugee protection system established under current international law, it is difficult to include them into refugee category and thus, they can hardly have enough support. It is urgently needed that new refugee treat which have the new standard and solution added to it shall be adopted. To allow new refugee treat to be effective it is compulsory to have constant and binding policy determination and willingness of execution from a united international organization. Of course, before this, countries should try to have common recognition on recognizing new refugee problem and its seriousness as well as solving those problems together. In reality, it is worth considering adoption of semi-forceable type of system as a more effective way, which allocates responsibility of accepting refugee by amount of carbon emitted. Also, as refugee issue has an important influence on mother company and the third countries, execution process of the system has to be defined clearly. For those permanent organizations, they should accurately define environmental factors making refugee and set standards to minimize possibility of abuse and misuse.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.2107-2120
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• 2014

Natural environmental protection system in North Korea is rarely understood mainly because of lack of information in scientific and legislative fields. Legislation is very important to achieve goal for protected areas, which are described in "Natural Protected Area Law(NPAL)". Cabinet of North Korea has authorities to lead the Central Agency for Land and Environment Conservation(CALEC). Designation and managements of natural protected areas are regarded as CALEC and local governments responsibilities. There are many differences between South and North Korea. Especially legislation system has many differences. North Korea's Labor Party is superior to the Government and Labor Party's order has at least the same authority to regulate and manage the national policy and means. With NPAL, CALEC organizes the national plan for natural protected area and regulate the activities of the Agencies for Land and Environment Conservation in the aspects of action plan, budget and other resources. For the reunification in the future, legislation system of North Korea should be understood.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.197-205
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate factors influencing customer behavior towards nylon bags and single-use plastics. These factors are environmental protection awareness, health protection awareness, sense of responsibility, expectations, and green marketing. A quantitative method with the use of surveys is deployed to collect data of young people under 30, generating 1650 valid responses. The collected data is then analyzed with SPSS 22, using Cronbach's Alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis to test the reliability of the model before validating the hypotheses by regression analysis. The study found that the majority of respondents are inclined to use plastic bags, despite their environmental awareness. The results also demonstrate that health consciousness, environmental concerns, self-driven responsibility for the sustainability of young people have a significant impact on their behaviors in using nylon bags and plastic products, whereas expectation and green marketing are confirmed not to be the factors. The study suggests that if green marketing is to gain higher influence, an increase in research and development to support other environmentally friendly packaging would be the right path. Finally, this research proposes some feasible recommendations for the government, which include imposing bolder and more targeted environmental policies on consumers and introducing educational campaigns to raise awareness about minimizing plastic consumption.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1185-1200
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• 2017

Solid waste management is currently a topic of concern, particularly in the protection of humans and the environment from toxic pollutants and hazardous materials. The importance of solid waste management is recognized at international, national, and community levels. Different agendas have been prioritized and assigned to improve quality of life, productivity, and health, and reduce the burden of pollution. Suitable management of solid waste requires appropriate technology that is affordable, socially accepted, and environmentally friendly. The use of a smart management system involving system dynamics can save energy, money, and labor. System dynamics is a computer-based approach that aids in predicting the behavioral patterns of variables, and correlating dependent and independent variables. The inclusion of system dynamics-based models in solid waste management has recently become more common. In this review, we used system dynamics to determine methods to disentangle solid waste management systems and analyzed different studies on solid waste management using system dynamics in different countries in detail. We also discussed the various software packages that are available for system dynamics and their usefulness for waste management. This review may help in understanding current solid waste management practices using system dynamics.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.395-418
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• 2009

Appeared in the 1970s he started the global warming problem of carbon reduction, unlike the expected withdrawal of the United States was anticipated to be nominal stripping. However, EU mainly carbon market, buy and sell rights to be disposed of evolution was born. In fact, the current reduction of the Kyoto Protocol, and Korea will be designated as the bureau had been scheduled. However, due to economic recession in Korea's status as exempt countries have enjoyed a considerable period. Global warming is a problem in earnest, however, the United States to participate in one or more such discussions since 2013, clearly this will begin the international order. And international order that is more stringent than expected, and is expected to be strong. Then, however, an interesting thing to justify protection of the environment in some countries to protect domestic industry, the movement is visible is the side. In fact the WTO since the conclusion of all non-tariff trade barriers were abolished. However, recently, New Round of the delay based on reciprocity and fair trade in the framework of environmental protection to justify the movement to protect the domestic industry has been captured. These trends are not friendly, never in Korea. The rationale is that these regulations are enforced, many of our countries and countries with significant trade transactions and the enforcement points. And South Korea's automotive, semiconductors, ships, etc. The main products are much discussed in the international regulations are being referred to as the target point is due. Korean government to actively participate in the international situation and efforts to explore new markets, said yesterday, and 'Low Carbon, Green Growth' was declared. And the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) recommendations of the best 30% reduction target was present. This is nothing different about this objection is true. A more fundamental solution to faithfully perform the reduction targets, while the development of environmentally friendly products and the incidence of international standards through the development and expansion of new growth engines, Indeed we are expected to be a fundamental methodology.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2002

In this study, water protection reservoir is selected as the target which is located at the estuary of Taehwa river to analyze and examine the effects of hydraulic structure on river environment. This study aims at the definition of factors which cause the change of ecological environment of river due to the effects of the sediment protection reservoir, and the proposal of the direction of environmental friendly river space development through the analysis and examination of stream variation conditions and riverbed variation characteristics among many effects of hydraulic structure on river environment before and after removal of the sediment protection reservoir when design flow is yielded. Firstly, in case of removal the existing sediment protection reservoir, the hydraulic variation characteristics like depth drop due to removal of the sediment protection reservoir are thought of little because it is examined that depths drop with about 0.01m and 0.01~0.56m when low flow is yielded and design flood yielded, respectively. Nextly, as the examination result of the variation characteristics of flow velocity in case of removal the existing sediment protection reservoir, it is thought that the concern about riverbed erosion is not serious according to the analyzed result as the mean velocity of the channel section where the velocity varies in case of removal the sediment protection reservoir is about 0.07~1.36m/s when low flow is yielded, and is about 1.02~2.41m/s when design flood is yielded despite riverbed erosion is concerned as it is examined that flow velocity is getting increase as about 0.01m/s when low flow is yielded and about 0.01~0.44m/s when design flood is yielded. Lastly, from the prediction result of riverbed variation for each flow amount condition before and after removal the sediment protection reservoir, it is known that the variation range of riverbed is nearly constant when flow amount of the channel exceeds a specific limit as it is analyzed that the more flow amount, the more erosion and sediment in the channel section of down stream part of the sediment protection reservoir and the sediment protection reservoir~Samho-gyo, and the variation ranges according to flow amount between flood condition and design flood condition have little difference in the channel section of the upstream of Samho-gyo.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2018

Clithon retropictus has been protected by the Ministry of Environment as an endangered species since 1998 and has been listed on the state red list of endangered species category II. It is viewed as a representative for all endangered species in the northeastern coastal waters of Korea. Most of the habitats of C. retropictus have been found to be in an unstable state because of development projects such as road construction, small stream development, irrigation for securing agricultural water, and flood prevention. These habitats are damaged by small stream maintenance projects and development, and the risk of damage is increasing and active efforts are needed in order to protect them. Although the Ministry of Environment is striving to preserve this endangered species, the habitat of C. retropictus is still facing external threats because it spreads to only a small area at high densities. Therefore, in order to protect the habitat of C. retropictus, a level II endangered species, it is urgent to make an effort to minimize habitat damage and to take measures for its protection.